School Of Basic And Applied Sciences
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Item Fabrication of Monarda citriodora essential oil nanoemulsions: characterization and antifungal activity against Penicillium digitatum of kinnow(Springer, 2023-02-13T00:00:00) Kaur, Kiranjot; Tandon, Ritu; Kalia, Anu; Babu, J. NagendraPostharvest fungal pathogenic invasions are the major root cause of reduced shelf life of kinnow fruit, thereby contributing to the postharvest losses. Development of eco-friendly alternates are the need of the hour owing to health safety concerns for replacing the ongoing synthetic fungicide use. Essential oils with promising antimicrobial activities offer a promising solution but their hydrophobicity poses a big hindrance for exploiting the same. Present work was planned to explore their antimicrobial potential by developing their hydrophilic formulation with the use of nanotechnology. An in vitro study was conducted to assess the efficacy Monarda citriodora essential oil (MCEO) and its emulsions against major postharvest fungal pathogen of Kinnow; Penicillium digitatum. Both micro and nano formulations were prepared for different ratios of MCEO (0.5 to 3%) with different surfactant combinations and oil-surfactant-ratios (OSR) of 1:1 to 1:3. The influence of several process factors such as surfactant and oil phase concentrations, as well as sonication time intervals on emulsion stability was investigated by assessing attributes such as droplet diameter, Polydispersity index (PDI), zeta (?) potential and rheology. An emulsion formulated with 1% oil and 1:1 OSR treated with ultrasonic waves for 15�min was optimized with droplet diameter of 52.2�nm, 0.245 PDI and ?�21�mV of ? potential with consistent stability till 1�month. Further, in vitro antifungal activity of the optimized MCEO nanoemulsion exhibited the best efficacy with 100% inhibition at 200�mg L?1. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Item Preparation, Characterization, and Biological Potential of Nanoemulsion from Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oil(Springer, 2023-10-02T00:00:00) Sharma, Arun Dev; Chhabra, Ravindresh; Jain, Puneet; Kaur, Inderjeet; Chauhan, Amrita; Rani, RetikaEssential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis (also known as rosemary essential oil) is used as traditional medicine and used as therapeutic in medicine, food, and cosmetic sectors. However, this oil is highly unstable, volatile, and prone to oxidation which limits its use. Thus, encapsulation is the better way to protect this oil from adverse conditions. The objective of this study was synthesis of rosemary essential oil (REO) based O/W (oil/water) nanoemulsions (designated as RNE) and evaluation of its biological potential. Physiological characterization was carried out using, UV, fluorescent, and FT-IR techniques. Various biological activities such as anticancerous, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory were also estimated. Pharmacokinetics studies on RNE were carried out. Encapsulation efficiency of RNE was found to be 92%. RNE nanoemulsions were spherical in shape with globule size, Z-Average (nm) size 220 nm, zeta potential ?11.33 mV, and polydispersity index was 0.47. RNE nanoemulsions were stable even after 50 days of storage at different temperatures. Antioxidant potential of RNE was conducted by various assays and IC50 were DPPH free radical scavenging activity: 21.53, nitric oxide radical scavenging activity: 26.66, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity: 32.69, ABTS radical scavenging activity: 33.05, and iron chelating assay: 38.78. Notable anticancer activity was observed with the percent cell viability of HeLa cells after treatment with RNE was 23% at higher concentration of 5 ?g. Antidiabetic study revealed that RNE inhibited ?-amylase in a concentration dependent manner, with 71% inhibition at its higher concentration of 250 ?g. RNE depicted maximum antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis at higher concentration of 300 ?g. Drug kinetic study revealed that nanoemulsions exhibited Korsmeyer�Peppas model. Based on this, the possible role of R. officinalis oil-based nanoemulsions in food, cosmetic, and pharma sectors has been discussed. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Item Chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils of dracocephalum heterophyllum benth And Hyssopus officinalis L Collected wild from Western Himalay(Sage, 2015) Stappena, Iris; Wannerb Jürgen; Tabanca, Nurhayat; Wedge, David E.; Ali, Abbas; Kaul, Vijay K.; Lal, Brij; Jaitak, Vikas; Gochev, Velizar K.; Schmidt, Erich; Jirovetz, LeopoldThe essential oils of two representatives of the Lamiaceae, Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth. and Hyssopus officinalis L., are described for their antifungal, antibacterial, larvicidal and inect biting deterrent activities. Additionally, the chemical compositions of the essential oils, analyzed by simultaneous GC-MS and GC-FID, and odor descriptions are given. The main components of H. officinalis oil were pinocarvone, cis-pinocamphone, and ?-pinene. Citronellol was found as the main compound of D. heterophyllum essential oil. Antibacterial testing by agar dilution assay revealed greater activity of D. heterophyllum against Staphylococcus aureus compared with H. officinalis. D. heterophyllum essential oil also showed promising antifungal activity against Colletotrichum species and was more toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae in a larvicial bioassay. Both essential oils showed high activity in the biting deterrent bioassay.Item Essential Oils: An Impending Substitute of Synthetic Antimicrobial Agents to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance(Bentham Science, 2019) Pal, Rajinder; Rana, Abhilash; Jaitak, Vikasntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging problem in the world that has a significant impact on our society. AMR made conventional drugs futile against microorganisms and diseases untreatable. Plant-derived medicines are considered safe alternatives to synthetic drugs. The active ingredients and the mixtures of these natural medicines have been used for centuries, due to their easy availability, low cost, and negligible side effects. Essential oils (EOs) are the secondary metabolites that are produced by aromatic plants to protect them from microorganisms. However, these EOs and their constituents have shown good fighting potential against drug-resistant pathogens. These oils have been proved extremely effective antimicrobial agents in comparison to antibiotics. Also, the combination of synthetic drugs with EOs or their components improves their efficacy. So, EOs can be established as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents to eradicate tough form of infectious microorganisms. Due to a number of constituents, it can interact with multiple target sites, like the destruction of cytoplasm membrane or inhibition of protein synthesis and efflux pump. The purpose of this review is to provide information about the antimicrobial activity of EOs attained from different plants, their combination with synthetic antimicrobials. In addition, mechanism of antimicrobial activity of several EOs and their constituents was reported.Item Chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils of dracocephalum heterophyllum and hyssopus officinalis from western himalaya(Natural Product Incorporation, 2015) Stappen I.; Wanner J.; Tabanca N.; Wedge D.E.; Ali A.; Kaul V.K.; Lal B.; Jaitak V.; Gochev V.K.; Schmidt E.; Jirovetz L.The essential oils of two representatives of the Lamiaceae, Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth. And Hyssopus officinalis L., are described for their antifungal, antibacterial, larvicidal and inect biting deterrent activities. Additionally, the chemical compositions of the essential oils, analyzed by simultaneous GC-MS and GC-FID, and odor descriptions are given. The main components of H. officinalis oil were pinocarvone, cis-pinocamphone, and-pinene. Citronellol was found as the main compound of D. heterophyllum essential oil. Antibacterial testing by agar dilution assay revealed greater activity of D. heterophyllum against Staphylococcus aureus compared with H. officinalis. D. heterophyllum essential oil also showed promising antifungal activity against Colletotrichum species and was more toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae in a larvicial bioassay. Both essential oils showed high activity in the biting deterrent bioassay.Item Integrated in-vitro antioxidant and in-silico anti-apoptotic study of essential oil components of aconitum heterophyllum wall(Central University of Punjab, 2013) Bhall, Yashika; Jaitak, VikasAconitum heterophyllum Wall. is consumed for its promising medicinal properties in several parts of the world. Present study consists of hydrodistillation, antioxidant potential and in-silico antiapoptotic study of A. heterophyllum oil. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by in-vitro assays namely DPPH, Superoxide anion scavenging and CUPRAC. It was found that the anti-oxidative effect of A. heterophyllum oil was dose dependent up to 200 g/ml. For studying the apoptotic nature of the volatile constituents, in silico studies were carried out using BCL-2 anti-apoptotic receptors (BCL-2, BCL-XL, MCL-1). To understand the cascade of mechanisms leading to apoptosis, NF-?B was also considered. From the comparative study of the constituents with that of the standard inhibitor it has been observed that the constituents show favorable binding affinity for the receptors as in the case of BCL-2 receptor, ?--longipinene has a dock score of -4.26 kcal/mol as comparable to that of standard inhibitor ABT 263 (-4.67 kcal/mol); BCL-XL receptor, neryl acetate has a dock score of -4.05 kcal/mol as compared to ABT 737 (standard inhibitor) which was -9.47 kcal/mol. Best results were observed in the case of NF-?B with ?-fenchol, having the dock score of -4.36 kcal/ mol which shows higher binding affinity of the ?-fenchol molecule for the receptor site as compared to the selective inhibitors parthenolide whose dock score was -3.04 kcal/ mol. In summary, based on our in silico and in vitro results, it can be postulated that essential oil of A.heterophyllum could be used as functional antiapoptotic inhibitor and as natural antioxidant.Item Antimicrobial and repellent activity of the essential oils of two lamiaceae cultivated in Western Himalaya(Bentham Science Publishers B.V., 2015) Stappen, Iris; Ali, Abbas; Tabanca, Nurhayat; Khan,Ikhlas A.; Wanner, J�rgen; Gochev, Velizar K.; Singh, Virendra; Lal, Brij; Jaitak, Vikas; Kaul, Vijay K.; Schmidt, Erich; Jirovetz, Leopold; Stappen, I.; Ali, A.; Tabanca, N.; Khan, I.A.; Wanner, J.; Gochev, V.K.; Singh, V.; Lal, B.; Jaitak, V.; Kaulh, V.K.; Schmidt, E.; Jirovetz, L.The essential oils of two Lamiaceae cultivated in Western Himalaya were examined on their antimicrobial, biting deterrent as well as larvicidal activity. Additionally their odors are described and their chemical compositions analyzed by GC-MS are given. The main component of Nepeta cataria oil was 4a?,7?,7a?-nepetalactone (85%), whereas camphor (27%) and 1,8-cineol (27%) were dominant in the oil of Rosmarinus officinalis. The studied essential oils demonstrated high to moderately antimicrobial activity against reference strains, clinical and food spoilage isolates of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella abony and Candida albicans (MIC 160-640 ?g/ml) and indicated low activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. fluorescens. Both oils showed biting deterrent activity above solvent control but lower than DEET. Nepeta catarica essential oil exhibited high toxicity with LD50 value of 20.2 whereas R. officinalis oil showed only 50% mortality at the highest tested dose of 125 ppm against 1-day old Aedes aegypti larvae at 24-hour post treatment. ? 2015 Bentham Science Publishers.