School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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    The incidence of male breast cancer: from fiction to reality - correspondence
    (NLM (Medline), 2023-05-24T00:00:00) Mukherjee, Anirban Goutam; Gopalakrishnan, Abilash Valsala; Jayaraj, Rama; Renu, Kaviyarasi; Dey, Abhijit; Vellingiri, Balachandar; Malik, Tabarak
    [No abstract available]
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    Quantification and optimization of clot retraction in washed human platelets by Sonoclot coagulation analysis
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021-10-07T00:00:00) Yadav, Pooja; Beura, Samir K.; Panigrahi, Abhishek R.; Singh, Sunil K.
    Introduction: Clot retraction is a pivotal process for haemostasis, where platelets develop a contractile force in fibrin meshwork and lead to the increased rigidity of clot. The pathophysiological alteration in contractile forces generated by the platelet-fibrin meshwork can lead to haemostatic disorders. Regardless of its utter significance, clot retraction remains a limited understood process owing to lack of quantification methodology. Sonoclot analysis is a point-of-care technique used in clinical laboratories for whole blood analysis that provides�in vitro�qualitative as well as quantitative assessment of coagulation process from initial fibrin formation to clot retraction. Methods: Human washed platelets were isolated by differential centrifugation method and analysed via optical imaging, microscopy and Sonoclot analysis using 1-2�נ108/mL of washed platelets, 1�U/mL of thrombin, 1�mg/mL of fibrinogen and 1�mM of calcium chloride. Results: In this study, we demonstrate the novelty of this instrument in the quantitative evaluation of clot retraction in washed platelets and attempted to optimize the reference range of Sonoclot parameters including ACT - 87.3���20.997, CR - 16.23���3.538 and PF - 3.57���0.629, (n�=�10). Discussion: Sonoclot analysis provides a simple and quantitative method to better understand in vitro clot retraction and its modulation by retraction components including platelet count, fibrinogen and platelet�fibrin interaction compared with existing conventional methods. Sonoclot may prove to be a valuable tool in thrombus biology research to understand fundamental basis of blood clot retraction. � 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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    Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus Roseus Leaves and Their Therapeutic Response in Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells
    (Routledge, 2021-07-26T00:00:00) Bangroo, Apoorva; Malhotra, Akshay; Sharma, Uttam; Jain, Aklank; Kaur, Anupreet
    As the current study reports the utilization of the leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus (C.roseus) for the biological synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) because of the importance of the importance of health and environment. Bioinspired synthesis were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). XRD and TEM micrograph analysis revealed that the synthesized nanostructures were well-dispersed and spherical with the average particle size in the 18-30 nm range were produced. The FT-IR spectra confirmed presence of phenolic compounds that act as reducing and capping agents. Further, it suggested the possible utilization of hydroxyl groups and amides in the reduction of Zn ions and stablization of ZnO NPs. Zinc oxide nanomaterials are effective in cancer treatments, including the destruction of tumor cells with minimal damage to healthy cells. The toxicity of zinc oxide nanomaterials was checked in vitro in the human breast cancer line MDA-MB-231. Inverse relation of the percentage of viable cells to the concentration of zinc oxide nanomaterials at increasing molar levels was assessed. The cytotoxicity analysis used in the MTT test shows the substantial viable MDA-MB-231-cells despite the increased concentration of exposure to zinc oxide nanomaterials. Reduction in the ratio of viable MDA-MB-231 cells after being exposed to zinc oxide nanomaterials was compared to untreated cancerous cells. The present approach to biosynthesis is quick, inexpensive, eco-friendly, and high-rise stable nanomaterials of zinc oxide with substantial cancer potential. This is the first study that reports molar concentrations (with the lowest concentration of 10 mM) as an anticancer agent for breast cancer and potential clinical uses for synthesized zinc oxide nanomaterials. Thus, C. roseus based synthesized ZnO NPs could be explored not only as environmentally benign method but also as a potential anti-carcinogenic agent. � 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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    PROTAC�ing oncoproteins: targeted protein degradation for cancer therapy
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2023-03-30T00:00:00) Kelm, Jeremy M.; Pandey, Deepti S.; Malin, Evan; Kansou, Hussein; Arora, Sahil; Kumar, Raj; Gavande, Navnath S.
    Molecularly targeted cancer therapies substantially improve patient outcomes, although the durability of their effectiveness can be limited. Resistance to these therapies is often related to adaptive changes in the target oncoprotein which reduce binding affinity. The arsenal of targeted cancer therapies, moreover, lacks coverage of several notorious oncoproteins with challenging features for inhibitor development. Degraders are a relatively new therapeutic modality which deplete the target protein by hijacking the cellular protein destruction machinery. Degraders offer several advantages for cancer therapy including resiliency to acquired mutations in the target protein, enhanced selectivity, lower dosing requirements, and the potential to abrogate oncogenic transcription factors and scaffolding proteins. Herein, we review the development of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for selected cancer therapy targets and their reported biological activities. The medicinal chemistry of PROTAC design has been a challenging area of active research, but the recent advances in the field will usher in an era of rational degrader design. � 2023, This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.
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    Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor with Molecular Degraders: State-of-the-Art and Future Opportunities
    (American Chemical Society, 2023-02-22T00:00:00) Maity, Pritam; Chatterjee, Joydeep; Patil, Kiran T.; Arora, Sahil; Katiyar, Madhurendra K.; Kumar, Manvendra; Samarbakhsh, Amirreza; Joshi, Gaurav; Bhutani, Priyadeep; Chugh, Manoj; Gavande, Navnath S.; Kumar, Raj
    Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an oncogenic drug target and plays a critical role in several cellular functions including cancer cell growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Several small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved for targeting intracellular and extracellular domains of EGFR, respectively. However, cancer heterogeneity, mutations in the catalytic domain of EGFR, and persistent drug resistance limited their use. Different novel modalities are gaining a position in the limelight of anti-EGFR therapeutics to overcome such limitations. The current perspective reflects upon newer modalities, importantly the molecular degraders such as PROTACs, LYTACs, AUTECs, and ATTECs, etc., beginning with a snapshot of traditional and existing anti-EGFR therapies including small molecule inhibitors, mAbs, and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). Further, a special emphasis has been made on the design, synthesis, successful applications, state-of-the-art, and emerging future opportunities of each discussed modality. � 2023 American Chemical Society.
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    A Perspective on Medicinal Chemistry Approaches for Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2
    (American Chemical Society, 2021-11-02T00:00:00) Arora, Sahil; Joshi, Gaurav; Chaturvedi, Anuhar; Heuser, Michael; Patil, Santoshkumar; Kumar, Raj
    The allosteric regulation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) affects the switching of the PKM2 protein between the high-activity and low-activity states that allow ATP and lactate production, respectively. PKM2, in its low catalytic state (dimeric form), is chiefly active in metabolically energetic cells, including cancer cells. More recently, PKM2 has emerged as an attractive target due to its role in metabolic dysfunction and other interrelated conditions. PKM2 (dimer) activity can be inhibited by modulating PKM2 dimer�tetramer dynamics using either PKM2 inhibitors that bind at the ATP binding active site of PKM2 (dimer) or PKM2 activators that bind at the allosteric site of PKM2, thus activating PKM2 from the dimer formation to the tetrameric formation. The present perspective focuses on medicinal chemistry approaches to design and discover PKM2 inhibitors and activators and further provides a scope for the future design of compounds targeting PKM2 with better efficacy and selectivity. � 2021 American Chemical Society
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    U.S. FDA Approved Drugs from 2015-June 2020: A Perspective
    (American Chemical Society, 2021-02-22T00:00:00) Bhutani, Priyadeep; Joshi, Gaurav; Raja, Nivethitha; Bachhav, Namrata; Rajanna, Prabhakar K.; Bhutani, Hemant; Paul, Atish T.; Kumar, Raj
    In the present work, we report compilation and analysis of 245 drugs, including small and macromolecules approved by the U.S. FDA from 2015 until June 2020. Nearly 29% of the drugs were approved for the treatment of various types of cancers. Other major therapeutic areas of focus were infectious diseases (14%); neurological conditions (12%); and genetic, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders (7-8% each). Itemization of the approved drugs according to the year of approval, sponsor, target, chemical class, major drug-metabolizing enzyme(s), route of administration/elimination, and drug-drug interaction liability (perpetrator or/and victim) is presented and discussed. An effort has been made to analyze the pharmacophores to identify the structural (e.g., aromatic, heterocycle, and aliphatic), elemental (e.g., boron, sulfur, fluorine, phosphorus, and deuterium), and functional group (e.g., nitro drugs) diversity among the approved drugs. Further, descriptor-based chemical space analysis of FDA approved drugs and several strategies utilized for optimizing metabolism leading to their discoveries have been emphasized. Finally, an analysis of drug-likeness for the approved drugs is presented. � 2021 American Chemical Society.
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    Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections in HIV patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Nature Research, 2023-07-08T00:00:00) Akanksha, Kumari; Kumari, Ashu; Dutta, Omprokash; Prasanth, Ajay; Deeba, Farah; Salam, Nasir
    Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) infections have been found associated with people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but little is known about the overall burden of STH coinfection in HIV patients. We aimed to assess the burden of STH infections among HIV patients. Relevant databases were systematically searched for studies reporting the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthic pathogens in HIV patients. Pooled estimates of each helminthic infection were calculated. The odds ratio was also determined as a measure of the association between STH infection and the HIV status of the patients. Sixty-one studies were finally included in the meta-analysis, consisting of 16,203 human subjects from all over the world. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in HIV patients was found to be 8% (95% CI 0.06, 0.09), the prevalence of Trichuris trichiura infection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.06), the prevalence of hookworm infection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.06), and prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.05). Countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America & Caribbean and Asia were identified with the highest burden of STH-HIV coinfection. Our analysis indicated that people living with HIV have a higher chance of developing Strongyloides stercoralis infections and decreased odds of developing hookworm infections. Our findings suggest a moderate level of prevalence of STH infections among people living with HIV. The endemicity of STH infections and HIV status both are partially responsible for the burden of STH-HIV coinfections. � 2023, The Author(s).
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    Burden of dengue, leishmaniasis and lymphatic filariasis in India and its states from 1990�2019: Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD 2019)
    (Public Library of Science, 2023-10-18T00:00:00) Dutta, Omprokash; Prasanth, Ajay; Kumari, Ashu; Akanksha, Kumari; Deeba, Farah; Salam, Nasir
    Vector-borne diseases such as dengue, leishmaniasis, and lymphatic filariasis, constitute significant sources of illness, disability, and mortality among the poor and vulnerable in many countries around the world, including India. Based on the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2019, we analyse the burden of dengue, leishmaniasis, and lymphatic filariasis, in India from 1990 to 2019. Over this period, there was a reduction in the burden of lymphatic filariasis and leishmaniasis. Notably, dengue emerged as the most common vector-borne disease, exhibiting high fatality rate above 15 years of age and the highest DALY within 15�49 age group. Additionally, dengue cases surged substantially between 1990 and 2019. Leishmaniasis related mortality and DALY declined in the year 2019 compared to the year 1990, with high mortality and DALY in the 0-49-year-old age group. For lymphatic filariasis, DALY was more pronounce among those in the 15�49-year age group, which underwent reduction in 2019. Males had a higher burden in other vector-borne diseases than females, although females had a slightly elevated dengue burden. These findings highlight the evolving epidemiological trends related to vector-borne diseases in India, over the last three decades and underline the critical significance of sustained efforts for the elimination and control of vector-borne diseases. � 2023 Dutta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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    Global, regional, and national sex differences in the global burden of tuberculosis by HIV status, 1990�2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2021-09-23T00:00:00) Ledesma, Jorge R.; Ma, Jianing; Vongpradith, Avina; Maddison, Emilie R.; Novotney, Amanda; Biehl, Molly H.; Legrand, Kate E.; Ross, Jennifer M.; Jahagirdar, Deepa; Bryazka, Dana; Feldman, Rachel; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abosetugn, Akine Eshete; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Afzal, Saira; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad; Ahmadi, Sepideh; Rashid, Tarik Ahmed; Salih, Yusra Ahmed; Aklilu, Addis; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Alahdab, Fares; Alemayehu, Yosef; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir; Ali, Liaqat; Alipour, Vahid; Alizade, Hesam; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amini, Saeed; Amit, Arianna Maever L.; Anderson, Jason A.; Androudi, Sofa; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Antony, Catherine M.; Anwer, Razique; Arabloo, Jalal; Arja, Asrat; Asemahagn, Mulusew A.; Atre, Sachin R.; Azhar, Gulrez Shah; Darshan, B.B.; Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din; Baig, Atif Amin; Banach, Maciej; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Barra, Fabio; Barrow, Amadou; Basu, Sanjay; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhattacharjee, Natalia V.; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Boloor, Archith; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Buonsenso, Danilo; Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina; Butt, Zahid A.; Carter, Austin; Carvalho, Felix; Charan, Jaykaran; Chatterjee, Souranshu; Chattu, Soosanna Kumary; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Christopher, Devasahayam J.; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Claassens, Mareli M.; Dadras, Omid; Dagnew, Amare Belachew; Dai, Xiaochen; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Dhamnetiya, Deepak; Dianatinasab, Mostafa; Diaz, Daniel; Doan, Linh Phuong; Eftekharzadeh, Sahar; Elhadi, Muhammed; Emami, Amir; Enany, Shymaa; Faraon, Emerito Jose A.; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Foroutan, Masoud; Frank, Tahvi D.; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.; Garcia-Calavaro, Christian; Garg, Tushar; Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle; Ghadiri, Keyghobad; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goodridge, Amador; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Hamidi, Samer; Hanif, Asif; Haque, Shaful; Harapan, Harapan; Hargono, Arief; Hasaballah, Ahmed I.; Hashi, Abdiwahab; Hassan, Shoaib; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hayat, Khezar; Hezam, Kamal; Holla, Ramesh; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Househ, Mowafa; Hussain, Rabia; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Itumalla, Ramaiah; Jaafari, Jalil; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jain, Vardhmaan; Javanmardi, Fatemeh; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jonas, Jost B.; Joseph, Nitin; Joukar, Farahnaz; Kabir, Zubair; Kamath, Ashwin; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandel, Himal; Katoto, Patrick D.M.C.; Kayode, Gbenga A.; Kendrick, Parkes J.; Kerbo, Amene Abebe; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalilov, Rovshan; Khatab, Khaled; Khoja, Abdullah T.; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kim, Min Seo; Kim, Yun Jin; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kumar, Avinash; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Narinder; Kumar, Nithin; Kwarteng, Alexander; Lak, Hassan Mehmood; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Landires, Iv�n; Lasrado, Savita; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lin, Christine; Liu, Xuefeng; Lopukhov, Platon D.; Lozano, Rafael; Machado, Daiane Borges; Kunjathur, Shilpashree Madhava; Madi, Deepak; Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra; Majeed, Azeem; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerl�ndio; Mehta, Saurabh; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Merie, Hayimro Edemealem; Mersha, Amanual Getnet; Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mheidly, Nour Mheidly; Misra, Sanjeev; Mithra, Prasanna; Moghadaszadeh, Masoud; Mohammadi, Mokhtar; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammed, Shafu; Molokhia, Mariam; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Al Montasir, Ahmed; Moore, Catrin E.; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Nair, Sanjeev; Nair, Suma; Naqvi, Atta Abbas; Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nazari, Javad; Kandel, Sandhya Neupane; Nguyen, Trang Huyen; Nixon, Molly R.; Nnaji, Chukwudi A.; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Nu�ez-Samudio, Virginia; Oancea, Bogdan; Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Oren, Eyal; Mahesh, P.A.; Parthasarathi, Ramakrishnan; Kan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh; Pattanshetty, Sanjay M.; Paudel, Rajan; Paul, Pintu; Pawar, Shrikant; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Perico, Norberto; Pirestani, Majid; Polibin, Roman V.; Postma, Maarten J.; Pourshams, Akram; Prashant, Akila; Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga; Radfar, Amir; Rafei, Alireza; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Ranasinghe, Priyanga; Rao, Chythra R.; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Reitsma, Marissa B.; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Reta, Melese Abate; Rezaei, Nima; Rezahosseini, Omid; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Rezapour, Aziz; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Roshchin, Denis O.; Sabour, Siamak; Saif-Ur-rahman, K.M.; Salam, Nasir; Kafl, Hossein Samadi; Samaei, Mehrnoosh; Samy, Abdallah M.; Saroshe, Satish; Sartorius, Benn; Sathian, Brijesh; Sawyer, Susan M.; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Seylani, Allen; Shafaat, Omid; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Sharaf, Kiomars; Shetty, Ranjitha S.; Shigematsu, Mika; Shin, Jae Il; Silva, Jo�o Pedro; Singh, Jitendra Kumar; Sinha, Smriti; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.; Steiropoulos, Paschalis; Sufyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Tadesse, Eyayou Girma; Tamir, Zemenu; Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang; Tekalegn, Yohannes; Tesfay, Fisaha Haile; Tessema, Belay; Thapar, Rekha; Tleyjeh, Imad I.; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tsegaye, Berhan; Tsegaye, Gebiyaw Wudie; Ullah, Anayat; Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David; Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan; Vo, Bay; Vu, Giang Thu; Waheed, Yasir; Walters, Magdalene K.; Whisnant, Joanna L.; Woldekidan, Mesfn Agachew; Wubishet, Befkadu Legesse; Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh; Yazie, Taklo Simeneh Yazie; Yeshaw, Yigizie; Yi, Siyan; Yigit, Vahit; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yu, Chuanhua; Yunusa, Ismaeel; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zastrozhina, Anasthasia; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zumla, Alimuddin; Mokdad, Ali H.; Salomon, Joshua A.; Reiner, Robert C.; Lim, Stephen S.; Naghavi, Mohsen; Vos, Theo; Hay, Simon I.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
    Background: Tuberculosis is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, causing more than a million deaths annually. Given an emphasis on equity in access to diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in global health targets, evaluations of differences in tuberculosis burden by sex are crucial. We aimed to assess the levels and trends of the global burden of tuberculosis, with an emphasis on investigating differences in sex by HIV status for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We used a Bayesian hierarchical Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) platform to analyse 21 505 site-years of vital registration data, 705 site-years of verbal autopsy data, 825 site-years of sample-based vital registration data, and 680 site-years of mortality surveillance data to estimate mortality due to tuberculosis among HIV-negative individuals. We used a population attributable fraction approach to estimate mortality related to HIV and tuberculosis coinfection. A compartmental meta-regression tool (DisMod-MR 2.1) was then used to synthesise all available data sources, including prevalence surveys, annual case notifications, population-based tuberculin surveys, and tuberculosis cause-specific mortality, to produce estimates of incidence, prevalence, and mortality that were internally consistent. We further estimated the fraction of tuberculosis mortality that is attributable to independent effects of risk factors, including smoking, alcohol use, and diabetes, for HIV-negative individuals. For individuals with HIV and tuberculosis coinfection, we assessed mortality attributable to HIV risk factors including unsafe sex, intimate partner violence (only estimated among females), and injection drug use. We present 95% uncertainty intervals for all estimates. Findings: Globally, in 2019, among HIV-negative individuals, there were 1�18 million (95% uncertainty interval 1�08�1�29) deaths due to tuberculosis and 8�50 million (7�45�9�73) incident cases of tuberculosis. Among HIV-positive individuals, there were 217 000 (153 000�279 000) deaths due to tuberculosis and 1�15 million (1�01�1�32) incident cases in 2019. More deaths and incident cases occurred in males than in females among HIV-negative individuals globally in 2019, with 342 000 (234 000�425 000) more deaths and 1�01 million (0�82�1�23) more incident cases in males than in females. Among HIV-positive individuals, 6250 (1820�11 400) more deaths and 81 100 (63 300�100 000) more incident cases occurred among females than among males in 2019. Age-standardised mortality rates among HIV-negative males were more than two times greater in 105 countries and age-standardised incidence rates were more than 1�5 times greater in 74 countries than among HIV-negative females in 2019. The fraction of global tuberculosis deaths among HIV-negative individuals attributable to alcohol use, smoking, and diabetes was 4�27 (3�69�5�02), 6�17 (5�48�7�02), and 1�17 (1�07�1�28) times higher, respectively, among males than among females in 2019. Among individuals with HIV and tuberculosis coinfection, the fraction of mortality attributable to injection drug use was 2�23 (2�03�2�44) times greater among males than females, whereas the fraction due to unsafe sex was 1�06 (1�05�1�08) times greater among females than males. Interpretation: As countries refine national tuberculosis programmes and strategies to end the tuberculosis epidemic, the excess burden experienced by males is important. Interventions are needed to actively communicate, especially to men, the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. These interventions should occur in parallel with efforts to minimise excess HIV burden among women in the highest HIV burden countries that are contributing to excess HIV and tuberculosis coinfection burden for females. Placing a focus on tuberculosis burden among HIV-negative males and HIV and tuberculosis coinfection among females might help to diminish the overall burden of tuberculosis. This strategy will be crucial in reaching both equity and burden targets outlined by global health milestones. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. � 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license