School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Neuroinflammation

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    Implicative role of cytokines in neuroinflammation mediated AD and associated signaling pathways: Current progress in molecular signaling and therapeutics
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2023-10-30T00:00:00) Kumari, Sneha; Dhapola, Rishika; Sharma, Prajjwal; Singh, Sunil K.; Reddy, Dibbanti HariKrishna
    Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most devastating age-related disorder causing significant social and economic burden worldwide. It affects the cognitive and social behavior of individuals and characterized by accumulation of A?, phosphorylated tau and cytokines formation. The synthesis and release of cytokines are regulated by specific groups of immune and non-immune cells in response to microglia or astrocyte activation through multiple pathways. Physiologically, microglia assert an anti-inflammatory, quiescent state with minimal cytokine expression and little phagocytic activity in motion to carry out their housekeeping role to eliminate pathogens, aggregated A? and tau protein. However, they develop a phagocytic nature and overexpress cytokine gene modules in response to certain stimuli in AD. Microglia and astrocytes upon chronic activation release an enormous amount of inflammatory cytokines due to interaction with formed A? and neurofibrillary tangle. Gut microbiota dysbiosis also stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines contributing to AD pathogenesis. In addition, the dysregulation of few signaling pathways significantly influences the development of disease, and the pace of advancement also rises with age. This review sheds light on multiple pathways results into neuroinflammation triggered by activated cytokines worsening AD pathology and making it an appropriate target for AD treatment. This review also included drugs targeting different neuroinflammation pathways under clinical and preclinical studies that are found to be effective in attenuating the disease pathology. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.
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    Implications of vitamin D deficiency in systemic inflammation and cardiovascular health
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023-06-24T00:00:00) Dey, Sanjay Kumar; Kumar, Shashank; Rani, Diksha; Maurya, Shashank Kumar; Banerjee, Pratibha; Verma, Madhur; Senapati, Sabyasachi
    Clinical, epidemiological, and molecular studies have sufficiently highlighted the vitality of vitamin D [25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D] in human health and wellbeing. Globally, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has become a public health concern among all age groups. There is a very high prevalence of VDD per the estimates from several epidemiological studies on different ethnic populations. But, population-specific scales do not support these estimates to define VDD clinically and consistent genetic associations. However, clinical studies have shown the relevance of serum vitamin D screening and oral supplementation in improving health conditions, pointing toward a more prominent role of vitamin D in health and wellness. Routinely, the serum concentration of vitamin D is measured to determine the deficiency and is correlated with physiological conditions and clinical symptoms. Recent research points toward a more inclusive role of vitamin D in different disease pathologies and is not just limited to otherwise bone health and overall growth. VDD contributes to the natural history of systemic ailments, including cardiovascular and systemic immune diseases. Considering its significant impact on premature morbidity and mortality, there is a compelling need to comprehensively review and document the direct and indirect implications of VDD in immune system deregulation, systemic inflammatory conditions, and cardio-metabolism. The recommendations from this review call for furthering our research concerning vitamin D and its direct and indirect implications. � 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.