School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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    Magnetic Nanoflowers: Synthesis, Formation Mechanism and Hyperthermia Application
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021-10-29T00:00:00) Niraula, Gopal; Mathpal, Mohan Chandra; Herrera, Edher Z.; Soler, Maria A. G.; Coaquira, Jose A. H.; Sharma, Surender K.
    Magnetic hyperthermia is becoming a very propitious supplementary technique for cancer treatments such as chemotherapy radiotherapy and radiotherapy. In this regard, magnetic nanoflowers (MNFs) are novel system in terms of morphology showing a structure similar to flower and exhibiting higher stability and enhanced heating efficiency when compared with similar nanoparticles displaying standard formats; enabling them for magneto-hyperthermia applications. In this chapter, different types of nanoflowers such as magnetic-oxide, magneto-plasmonic, and magnetic-organic/inorganic and their applicability are discussed. Moreover, a discussion on the most common chemical routes to design nanoflowers emphasizing hydro/solvothermal techniques, microwave-assisted hydrothermal, co-precipitations, and polyol are highlighted. Furthermore, the nucleation of MNFs and their growing process with a physical parameter are presented. At last, the magnetic hyperthermia properties of MNFs and their recent findings are critically scrutinized along with their future perspectives in biomedicine. � 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Modern Applications of Ferrites: An Important Class of Ferrimagnetic System
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021-10-29T00:00:00) Gomes, Gabriel Alves; Akhtar, Kanwal; da Costa, Gisela Lara; Javed, Yasir; Sharma, Surender K.
    Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been used in engineering applications for different purposes in the last few decades, increasing their relevance recently on biomedical studies, with alternative treatments to most complex diseases, and microelectronic fields, as an excellent way to improve aspects such as thermal and electric conductivity. The use of nanomagnetic ferrite particles in cancer therapy and to control antibacterial agents is also noteworthy, because of their advantages in terms of resistance to temperature variations, chemical stability, and long-term durability. One of the promising applications of these nanoparticles includes water-purifying systems. In this chapter, those outstanding aspects of nanoparticle ferrites were treated since their very applicable point-of-view. In this sense, the structure properties of this class of materials are a very important matter to discuss, investigating how their unique ferrimagnetic face centered behavior could directly influence their potential in technological fields and innovative medical treatments. � 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    FDA approved five-membered ring fused pyrimidine-based derivatives and their biological properties
    (Elsevier, 2022-10-14T00:00:00) Kumar, Manvendra; Chatterjee, Joydeep; Rani, Dimpy; Kumar, Raj
    Pyrimidines-based drugs are one of the most important drugs for novel and recurring viruses, including the coronavirus. This chapter deals with 41 FDA-approved five-membered ring fused pyrimidine-based drugs, their synthetic strategies, and pharmacological activities. � 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    FDA approved six-membered ring fused pyrimidine-based derivatives
    (Elsevier, 2022-10-14T00:00:00) Arora, Sahil; Kumar, Raj
    Pyrimidine-based derivatives play a vital role in the development of drugs due to their indispensable role in various biological processes. To date, ring fused pyrimidine-based derivatives have been reported to exhibit numerous biological activities including anticancer, antiviral, antianginal, anti-HIV, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular and many others. There are numerous synthetic approaches available for the synthesis of fused pyrimidine-based derivatives which provides ample scope in the development of new drugs. Considering these medicinal attributes of fused pyrimidine-based derivatives, we have put forth this book chapter mainly focusing on the FDA approved six-membered ring fused pyrimidine-based derivatives. The present chapter deals with improved synthetic schemes, their biological importance and the adverse effects of FDA approved six-membered ring fused pyrimidine-based drugs. Covering all these aspects may lighten the researchers with the updated literature exploring the best synthetic routes and can think of alternative synthetic routes with less time consuming and non-toxic solvents. � 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Synthesis, biological evaluation and in-silico ADME studies of novel series of thiazolidin-2,4-dione derivatives as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer agents
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2022-09-15T00:00:00) Kumar, Harsh; Kumar, Davinder; Kumar, Pradeep; Thareja, Suresh; Marwaha, Minakshi Gupta; Navik, Umashanker; Marwaha, Rakesh Kumar
    Background: A novel series of thiazolidine-2,4-dione molecules was derived and their chemical structures were established using physiochemical parameters and spectral techniques (1H-NMR, IR, MS etc.). The synthesized molecule were then evaluated for their antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial potential. Results and discussion: Serial tube dilution method was employed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential against selected fungal and bacterial strains by taking fluconazole and cefadroxil as reference antifungal and antibacterial drugs respectively. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity was used to assess the antioxidant potential of the synthesized analogues. Further, the anticancer potential of the selected molecules was assessed against DU-145 cancer cell lines using MTT assay. The drug-likeness was also evaluated by studying in-silico ADME parameters of the synthesized analogues. Conclusion: In antioxidant evaluation studies, the analogue H5 with IC50 = 14.85�?g/mL was found to be the most active molecule. The antimicrobial evaluation outcomes suggested that the molecules H5, H13, H15 and H18 possessed moderate to promising activity against the selected species of microbial strains having MIC range 7.3��M to 26.3��M. The results of anticancer evaluation revealed that all the screened derivatives possess mild anticancer potential. The in-silico ADME studies revealed that all the compounds were found to be drug-like. � 2022, The Author(s).
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    Melphalan: Recent insights on synthetic, analytical and medicinal aspects
    (Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2022-05-27T00:00:00) Pahwa, Rakesh; Chhabra, Jatin; Kumar, Raj; Narang, Rakesh
    Cancer is an uncontrolled expansion of atypical cells in the body. These unusual cells are labelled as cancerous or malignant cells. Melphalan, an anticancer drug which is imperatively recognized under the class of alkylating agents. It exhibits broad spectrum antitumor activity, as observed in ovarian cancer, breast cancer, etc. However, it is mainly utilized in the management of multiple myeloma. Several studies across the globe suggest that resistance to melphalan is the major concern that leads to relapsed myeloma. In the present paper, several pivotal approaches to compensate resistance associated with melphalan have been discussed. Numerous chemical and formulation developments concerning melphalan to enhance its salient characteristics and targeted profile have also been portrayed. The rationale of the current article also summarizes the recent analytical methods, structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, interactions, potential adverse effects along with medicinal updates of melphalan. Special attention is also laid on their synthetic developments viz. melphalan derivatives, conjugates and prodrugs along with encouraging insights and research findings. � 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS
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    Synthetic strategies and pharmacological activities of chromene and its derivatives: An overview
    (Elsevier B.V., 2022-04-07T00:00:00) Katiyar, Madhurendra K.; Dhakad, Govind Kumar; Shivani; Arora, Sahil; Bhagat, Srikant; Arora, Taruna; Kumar, Raj
    Chromene is commonly found in nature and is considered one of the most frequently used scaffolds in heterocyclic chemistry for the designing of chemical probes for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. The chromene nucleus comprises an oxine ring fused with a phenyl ring. Owing to existing several useful biological applications of chromenes have generated wide interest among chemists to synthesize its derivatives frequently. Here, in this review, we have compiled and analysed various recently reported synthetic strategies of chromene and its derivatives through numerous approaches such as microwave-assisted, catalyst based, green solvents, solvent-free conditions, etc. along with their biological applications such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, AChE inhibition, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. � 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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    Thiazole and Related Heterocyclic Systems as Anticancer Agents: A Review on Synthetic Strategies, Mechanisms of Action and SAR Studies
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2022-03-21T00:00:00) Sahil; Kaur, Kamalpreet; Jaitak, Vikas
    Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Many anticancer drugs are commercially available, but lack of selectivity, target specificity, cytotoxicity, and development of resistance lead to serious side effects. Several experiments have been going on to develop compounds with minor or no side effects. Objective: This review mainly emphasizes synthetic strategies, SAR studies, and mechanism of action if thiazole, benzothiazole, and imidazothiazole-containing compounds as anticancer agents. Methods: Recent literature related to thiazole and thiazole-related derivatives endowed with encouraging anticancer potential is reviewed. This review emphasizes contemporary strategies used for the synthesis of thiazole and related derivatives, mechanistic targets, and comprehensive structural activity relationship studies to provide perspective into the rational design of high-efficiency thiazole-based anticancer drug candidates. Results: Exhaustive literature survey indicated that thiazole derivatives are associated with properties of inducing apoptosis and disturbing tubulin assembly. Thiazoles are also associated with the inhibition of NFkB/mTOR/PI3K/AkT and regulation of estrogenmediated activity. Furthermore, thiazole derivatives have been found to modulate critical targets, such as topoisomerase and HDAC. Conclusion: Thiazole derivatives seem to be quite competent and act through various mechanisms. Some of the thiazole derivatives, such as compounds 29, 40, 62, and 74a with IC50 values of 0.05 ?M, 0.00042 ?M, 0.18 ?M, and 0.67 ?M, respectively, not only exhibit anticancer activity, but they also have lower toxicity and better absorption. Therefore, some other similar compounds could be investigated to aid in the development of anticancer pharmacophores. � 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.
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    A review on phytotoxicity and defense mechanism of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on plants
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023-03-16T00:00:00) Kumar, Sumit; Masurkar, Prahlad; Sravani, Bana; Bag, Dipanjali; Sharma, Kamal Ravi; Singh, Prashant; Korra, Tulasi; Meena, Mukesh; Swapnil, Prashant; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana
    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are noteworthy used nanomaterials in a wide array of fields, particularly in the agricultural sector. Plants play a multifarious role in the ecosystem and provide a source of food for mankind. The responsibility of the scientific community is to recognize the deleterious impact of AgNPs (1�100�nm in size) on critical crop growth and development of plants, which is required for the assessment of environmental threats to plant, human, and animal health. The continued use of AgNPs in agriculture areas may have negative effects on plant biochemical and physiological responses. The current context focused mainly on AgNPs uptake, transport, and accumulation on crop plants and summarizes different levels of phytotoxicity of AgNPs on plant functions and focused on mechanisms of phytotoxicity employed by AgNPs. Moreover, some tolerance mechanisms and various survival strategies developed by plants under AgNPs toxicity are discussed. This background provides comprehensive information necessary to facilitate profound understanding of the toxic impacts of AgNPs on crop plants. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
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    A review on phytotoxicity and defense mechanism of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on plants
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023-03-16T00:00:00) Kumar, Sumit; Masurkar, Prahlad; Sravani, Bana; Bag, Dipanjali; Sharma, Kamal Ravi; Singh, Prashant; Korra, Tulasi; Meena, Mukesh; Swapnil, Prashant; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana
    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are noteworthy used nanomaterials in a wide array of fields, particularly in the agricultural sector. Plants play a multifarious role in the ecosystem and provide a source of food for mankind. The responsibility of the scientific community is to recognize the deleterious impact of AgNPs (1�100�nm in size) on critical crop growth and development of plants, which is required for the assessment of environmental threats to plant, human, and animal health. The continued use of AgNPs in agriculture areas may have negative effects on plant biochemical and physiological responses. The current context focused mainly on AgNPs uptake, transport, and accumulation on crop plants and summarizes different levels of phytotoxicity of AgNPs on plant functions and focused on mechanisms of phytotoxicity employed by AgNPs. Moreover, some tolerance mechanisms and various survival strategies developed by plants under AgNPs toxicity are discussed. This background provides comprehensive information necessary to facilitate profound understanding of the toxic impacts of AgNPs on crop plants. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.