Galangin, as a Potential Anticancer Agent
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Date
2022-04-07T00:00:00
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Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Abstract
Cancer is a major global health issue and one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. In recent years, cancer mortality and morbidity rates have risen dramatically due to variety of factors. Despite therapeutic alternatives, chemotherapy medications have major adverse effects and many kinds of drug resistance that severely diminish their effectiveness. Galangin, 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, is considered as the bioactive constituent of galangal and honey. In general, galangin exhibits several pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral activities. The anticancer effects of galangin are mostly due to its abilities to inhibit cell cycle progression, inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (Akt), or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity leading to apoptotic cell death by stimulating caspase-9/8/3 and inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis by decreasing the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9). These molecular pathways of galangin are involved in suppressing different malignancies, such as lung cancer, hepatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, retinoblastoma, and osteosarcoma. The present work is emphasized on the anticancer mechanisms of galangin. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. � 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia.
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Keywords
Anticancer, Apoptosis, Flavonoid, Galangin, Pharmacological Activity