An Overview of Immunosensors and Their Application

Abstract

A key challenge in clinical healthcare is meeting the need to detect a disease at an early stage. Early and accurate diagnosis not only cuts the treatment cost but can also reduce disease burden, mortality rate, and social inequalities. Therefore, researchers are always searching for a method that allows rapid, simple, sensitive, selective, and cost-effective detection of the target biomarker (peptides, proteins, or nucleic acid). Immunosensors are one such point-of-care diagnostic device that can play an important role in almost all clinical healthcare fields. They are a promising alternative to the traditional immunoassays and state-of-the-art affinity sensors to diagnose clinically important analytes/antigens due to their high affinity, versatility, compact size, fast response time, minimum sample processing, and the measurements� reproducibility. For many decades now, significant advancement has been made in the immunosensor field in which the use of nanomaterials for increased sensitivity, multiplexing, or microfluidic-based devices may have the potential for promising use in clinical analysis. This chapter will provide an overview of the currently available immunosensor technology, its types that are currently being developed, and the limitations and future directions of immunosensor technology for the clinical laboratory. � The Editor (s) (if applicable) and the Author (s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.2023.