Rice husk biochar - A novel engineered bio-based material for transforming groundwater-mediated fluoride cycling in natural environments

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dc.contributor.authorKumar, Rakesh
dc.contributor.authorSharma, Prabhakar
dc.contributor.authorSharma, Pushpa Kumari
dc.contributor.authorRose, Pawan Kumar
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Rakesh Kumar
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Nishant
dc.contributor.authorSahoo, Prafulla Kumar
dc.contributor.authorMaity, Jyoti Prakash
dc.contributor.authorGhosh, Ashok
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Manish
dc.contributor.authorBhattacharya, Prosun
dc.contributor.authorPandey, Ashok
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-21T10:50:54Z
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-14T06:39:53Z
dc.date.available2024-01-21T10:50:54Z
dc.date.available2024-08-14T06:39:53Z
dc.date.issued2023-05-24T00:00:00
dc.description.abstractBiochar, a promising carbon-rich and carbon-negative material, can control water pollution, harness the synergy of sustainable development goals, and achieve circular economy. This study examined the performance feasibility of treating fluoride-contaminated surface and groundwater using raw and modified biochar synthesized from agricultural waste rice husk as problem-fixing renewable carbon-neutral material. Physicochemical characterizations of raw/modified biochars were investigated using FESEM-EDAX, FTIR, XRD, BET, CHSN, VSM, pHpzc, Zeta potential, and particle size analysis were analyzed to identify the surface morphology, functional groups, structural, and electrokinetic behavior. In fluoride (F?) cycling, performance feasibility was tested at various governing factors, contact time (0�120 min), initial F? levels (10�50 mg L?1), biochar dose (0.1�0.5 g L?1), pH (2�9), salt strengths (0�50 mM), temperatures (301�328 K), and various co-occurring ions. Results revealed that activated magnetic biochar (AMB) possessed higher adsorption capacity than raw biochar (RB) and activated biochar (AB) at pH 7. The results indicated that maximum F? removal (98.13%) was achieved using AMB at pH 7 for 10 mg L?1. Electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, pore fillings, and surface complexation govern F? removal mechanisms. Pseudo-second-order and Freundlich were the best fit kinetic and isotherm for F? sorption, respectively. Increased biochar dose drives an increase in active sites due to F? level gradient and mass transfer between biochar-fluoride interactions, which reported maximum mass transfer for AMB than RB and AB. Fluoride adsorption using AMB could be described through chemisorption processes at room temperature (301 K), though endothermic sorption follows the physisorption process. Fluoride removal efficiency reduced, from 67.70% to 53.23%, with increased salt concentrations from 0 to 50 mM NaCl solutions, respectively, due to increased hydrodynamic diameter. Biochar was used to treat natural fluoride-contaminated surface and groundwater in real-world problem-solving measures, showed removal efficiency of 91.20% and 95.61%, respectively, for 10 mg L?1 F? contamination, and has been performed multiple times after systematic adsorption-desorption experiments. Lastly, techno-economic analysis was analyzed for biochar synthesis and F? treatment performance costs. Overall, our results revealed worth output and concluded with recommendations for future research on F? adsorption using biochar. � 2023 Elsevier Ltden_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118222
dc.identifier.issn3014797
dc.identifier.urihttp://10.2.3.109/handle/32116/4048
dc.identifier.urlhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479723010101
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherAcademic Pressen_US
dc.subjectFluoride adsorptionen_US
dc.subjectGroundwateren_US
dc.subjectRemovalen_US
dc.subjectRice husk biocharen_US
dc.subjectSynthesis costen_US
dc.titleRice husk biochar - A novel engineered bio-based material for transforming groundwater-mediated fluoride cycling in natural environmentsen_US
dc.title.journalJournal of Environmental Managementen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.type.accesstypeClosed Accessen_US

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