Legal Regime on Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment in India
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Date
2023-09-12T00:00:00
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CRC Press
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals enter into the environment during different phases of their life cycle such as stage of manufacturing, use and disposal. Whereas the research and development, clinical trials and other production processes result in entry of pharmaceuticals in environment, their irrational use and improper disposal (flushing of expired or unused drugs in toilets, sinks or throwing in dustbins) also carries serious implications in the context of the environment, including water pollution, disturbance in natural equilibrium by adversely affecting food chain, anti-microbial resistance, feminization of fishes and so on. Against this backdrop, the chapter deals with legal framework concerning regulation of entry of pharmaceuticals into the aquatic environment. The chapter underlines the scope of the state�s obligations to anticipate risk, reduce its negative implications and ensure accessibility to the pharmaceuticals as live saviors. It underscores the relevance of fundamental principles of international environmental law and international law on sustainable development followed by the Indian legal framework dealing directly and indirectly with the issue. The national framework consisting of the constitutional provisions, substantive and procedural aspects of criminal laws, civil law, sectoral and framework environmental law along with delegated legislations dealing with solid waste, hazardous waste, bio-medical waste has been elaborated and concluded with judicial approach towards pollution caused by the pharmaceutical industry. � 2024 selection and editorial matter, Vinod Kumar Garg, Ashok Pandey, Navish Kataria and Caterina Faggio; individual chapters, the contributors.