Bacillus Calmette-Gu�rin Vaccine Attenuates Haloperidol-Induced TD-like Behavioral and Neurochemical Alteration in Experimental Rats

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dc.contributor.authorYedke, Narhari Gangaram
dc.contributor.authorUpadhayay, Shubham
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Randhir
dc.contributor.authorJamwal, Sumit
dc.contributor.authorAhmad, Sheikh F.
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Puneet
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-21T10:55:20Z
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-14T07:44:17Z
dc.date.available2024-01-21T10:55:20Z
dc.date.available2024-08-14T07:44:17Z
dc.date.issued2023-11-20T00:00:00
dc.description.abstractTardive dyskinesia (TD) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder that displays unusual involuntary movement along with orofacial dysfunction. It is predominantly associated with the long-term use of antipsychotic medications, particularly typical or first-generation antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis are major pathophysiological mechanisms of TD. The BCG vaccine has been reported to suppress inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and exert neuroprotection via several mechanisms. Our study aimed to confirm the neuroprotective effect of the BCG vaccine against haloperidol-induced TD-like symptoms in rats. The rats were given haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 21 days after 1 h single administration of the BCG vaccine (2 � 107 cfu). Various behavioral parameters for orofacial dyskinesia and locomotor activity were assessed on the 14th and 21st days after haloperidol injection. On the 22nd day, all rats were euthanized, and the striatum was isolated to estimate the biochemical, apoptotic, inflammatory, and neurotransmitter levels. The administration of the BCG vaccine reversed orofacial dyskinesia and improved motor function in regard to haloperidol-induced TD-like symptoms in rats. The BCG vaccine also enhanced the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH) and reduced prooxidants (MDA, nitrite) and pro-apoptotic markers (Cas-3, Cas-6, Cas-9) in rat brains. Besides this, BCG treatment also restored the neurotransmitter (DA, NE, 5-HT) levels and decreased the levels of HVA in the striatum. The study findings suggest that the BCG vaccine has antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and neuromodulatory properties that could be relevant in the management of TD.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/biom13111667
dc.identifier.issn2218273X
dc.identifier.urihttp://10.2.3.109/handle/32116/4403
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/11/1667
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.subjectantioxidantsen_US
dc.subjectBCG vaccineen_US
dc.subjecthaloperidolen_US
dc.subjectneurotransmittersen_US
dc.subjecttardive dyskinesiaen_US
dc.titleBacillus Calmette-Gu�rin Vaccine Attenuates Haloperidol-Induced TD-like Behavioral and Neurochemical Alteration in Experimental Ratsen_US
dc.title.journalBiomoleculesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.type.accesstypeClosed Accessen_US

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