Substantial changes in Gaseous pollutants and health effects during COVID-19 in Delhi, India

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dc.contributor.authorSingh, Bhupendra
dc.contributor.authorPandey, Puneeta
dc.contributor.authorWabaidur, Saikh Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorAvtar, Ram
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Pramod
dc.contributor.authorRahman, Shakilur
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-21T10:50:48Z
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-14T06:39:46Z
dc.date.available2024-01-21T10:50:48Z
dc.date.available2024-08-14T06:39:46Z
dc.date.issued2023-01-09T00:00:00
dc.description.abstractBackground. Coronavirus disease has affected the entire population worldwide in terms of physical and environmental consequences. Therefore, the current study demonstrates the changes in the concentration of gaseous pollutants and their health effects during the COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi, the national capital city of India. Methodology. In the present study, secondary data on gaseous pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), and ozone (O3) were collected from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) on a daily basis. Data were collected from January 1, 2020, to September 30, 2020, to determine the relative changes (%) in gaseous pollutants for pre-lockdown, lockdown, and unlockdown stages of COVID-19. Results. The current findings for gaseous pollutants reveal that concentration declined in the range of 51%�83% (NO), 40%�69% (NOx), 31%�60% (NO2), and 25%�40% (NH3) during the lockdown compared to pre-lockdown period, respectively. The drastic decrease in gaseous pollutants was observed due to restricted measures during lockdown periods. The level of ozone was observed to be higher during the lockdown periods as compared to the pre-lockdown period. These gaseous pollutants are linked between the health risk assessment and hazard identification for non-carcinogenic. However, in infants (0�1 yr), Health Quotient (HQ) for daily and annual groups was found to be higher than the rest of the exposed group (toddlers, children, and adults) in all the periods. Conclusion. The air quality values for pre-lockdown were calculated to be ��poor category to ��very poor�� category in all zones of Delhi, whereas, during the lockdown period, the air quality levels for all zones were calculated as ��satisfactory,�� except for Northeast Delhi, which displayed the ��moderate�� category. The computed HQ for daily chronic exposure for each pollutant across the child and adult groups was more than 1 (HQ > 1), which indicated a high probability to induce adverse health outcomes. � Copyright 2023 Singh et al.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.7717/peerj.14489
dc.identifier.issn21678359
dc.identifier.urihttp://10.2.3.109/handle/32116/4022
dc.identifier.urlhttps://peerj.com/articles/14489
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherPeerJ Inc.en_US
dc.subjectAir Qualityen_US
dc.subjectCOVID-19en_US
dc.subjectHealth Hazarden_US
dc.subjectlockdownen_US
dc.subjectunlockdownen_US
dc.titleSubstantial changes in Gaseous pollutants and health effects during COVID-19 in Delhi, Indiaen_US
dc.title.journalPeerJen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.type.accesstypeOpen Accessen_US

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