Antifungal synergistic effects and anti-biofilm formation activities of some bioactive 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzoxazepine derivatives

Abstract

Benzoxazepines constitute a significant class of organic compounds extensively described in the literature. Several derivatives with pharmacological properties have been produced due to the semi-rigid azepine scaffold, which allows for the addition of other heteroatoms. This study investigated the possible antifungal effect and antioxidant activity of 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzoxazepines. The antifungal effect was investigated using the broth dilution assay, while the antioxidant property was determined using the ABTS and DPPH scavenging tests. The results indicated that the 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzoxazepine derivatives had antifungal properties and could be working via its fungicidal and biofilm inhibitory properties. It was also realized that it had synergistic effects when administered concomitantly with standard antifungal drugs. The antioxidant effects were high with 2,2-dimethyl-4-[(E)-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzoxazepine (1) compared to the other derivatives. It could be concluded that 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzoxazepines could possess fungicidal and possible antioxidant properties. And hence could serve as new drug leads in discovering novel drugs that could help manage fluconazole-resistant vulvovaginal candidiasis. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.