A Review of Phytoconstituents as Antibacterial Agents

Abstract

Background bacteria cause various infectious diseases and cause millions of deaths each year. Bacteria are broadly classified based on the phenotypic and genotypic systems. Bacteria cause resistance mainly by Plasmids, Inactivation of antibiotics, Target site modification, Preventing drug uptake, Efflux pumps, and Biofilm. Plants have been used for thousands of years for their medicinal properties to treat various diseases. Secondary metabolites like terpenes, alkaloids, phenolic com-pounds, tannins, quinones, steroids, polyketides, aromatics, and peptides are plant-derived compounds that possess antibacterial activity and decrease resistance by inhibition of biofilm formation, Efflux pump [EP] inhibitors, attenuating bacterial virulence, and Immunomodulation activity. Phy-toconstituents synergism, combination therapy (Bio-enhancers), and herbal preparation benefit anti-bacterial potential and decrease resistance. � 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.