Efficacy of biotic components in constructed wetlands for mitigating pesticides
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Date
2023-03-17T00:00:00
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Publisher
Elsevier
Abstract
Modern agricultural practices pose a significant danger to the aquatic ecosystem. Synthetic pesticides derived from agricultural activities are the most lethal and persistent substances that endanger the planet's ecology and human health; ineffective traditional waste-water treatment systems worsen the situation. On that account, these traditional technologies need to be upgraded and constructed wetlands have come to the fore as an environment and user-friendly technology. CWs consists of different type of biotic components, e.g., plants, microbes and abiotic components, e.g., gravels, sand, etc. which not only removes various types of organic pollutants but also help in their sustainable degradation into a simpler form. However, the factor circumscribing the effective implementation of constructed wetlands is the choice of aquatic macrophytes. The present chapter is an attempt to give a brief insight into using CWs for the treatment and removal of different types of pesticides present in wastewaters having different origins. Selected studies have been scrutinized for more than 60 aquatic macrophytes and 18 unconventional substrates that have shown promising results to mitigate pesticides from nonpoint water sources. Among various biological components, emergent macrophytes (P. australis, T. latiflolia, C. indica, and J. effuses) and associated microorganisms are the most suitable choice for constructed wetlands. Apart from pesticide reduction, macrophytes effectively stabilize the bed surface, reduces clogging, improve filtering, and promote microbial development. Following that, microorganisms can remove contaminants by accelerating chemical processes, biodegradation, and biosorption, as well as promoting plant development. Overall, the present chapter aims to highlight the importance of looking into the holistic interactions of macrophyte-microorganisms for a magnified outcome of removal efficacy. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Keywords
Agricultural runoff, Aquatic macrophytes, Constructed wetlands, Pesticides, Rhizospheric microorganisms