Gundu, ChayanikaArruri, Vijay KumarYadav, PoonamNavik, UmashankerKumar, AshutoshAmalkar, Veda SudhirVikram, AjitGaddam, Ravinder Reddy2024-01-212024-08-142024-01-212024-08-142022-08-182073440910.3390/cells11162557http://10.2.3.109/handle/32116/4333Endocytosis is a fundamental mechanism by which cells perform housekeeping functions. It occurs via a variety of mechanisms and involves many regulatory proteins. The GTPase dynamin acts as a �molecular scissor� to form endocytic vesicles and is a critical regulator among the proteins involved in endocytosis. Some GTPases (e.g., Cdc42, arf6, RhoA), membrane proteins (e.g., flotillins, tetraspanins), and secondary messengers (e.g., calcium) mediate dynamin-independent endocytosis. These pathways may be convergent, as multiple pathways exist in a single cell. However, what determines the specific path of endocytosis is complex and challenging to comprehend. This review summarizes the mechanisms of dynamin-independent endocytosis, the involvement of microRNAs, and factors that contribute to the cellular decision about the specific route of endocytosis. � 2022 by the authors.en-UScalciumdynaminendocytosismicroRNAsnon-dynamin GTPasesReviewhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/16/2557