Yadav, PoonamSarode, Lopmudra P.Gaddam, Ravinder ReddyKumar, PuneetBhatti, Jasvinder SinghKhurana, AmitNavik, Umashanker2024-01-212024-08-142024-01-212024-08-142022-09-061050464810.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.001http://10.2.3.109/handle/32116/4335Zebrafish is a useful model for understanding human genetics and diseases and has evolved into a prominent scientific research model. The genetic structure of zebrafish is 70% identical to that of humans. Its small size, low cost, and transparent embryo make it a valuable tool in experimentation. Zebrafish and mammals possess the same molecular mechanism of thyroid organogenesis and development. Thus, thyroid hormone signaling, embryonic development, thyroid-related disorders, and novel genes involved in early thyroid development can all be studied using zebrafish as a model. Here in this review, we emphasize the evolving role of zebrafish as a possible tool for studying the thyroid gland in the context of physiology and pathology. The transcription factors nkx2.1a, pax2a, and hhex which contribute a pivotal role in the differentiation of thyroid primordium are discussed. Further, we have described the role of zebrafish as a model for thyroid cancer, evaluation of defects in thyroid hormone transport, thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, and as a screening tool to study thyrotoxins. Hence, the present review highlights the role of zebrafish as a novel approach to understand thyroid development and organogenesis. � 2022 Elsevier Ltden-USDisease modelTherapeutic toolThyroid disordersThyroid glandZebrafishReviewhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1050464822005514