Browsing by Author "Kaur, Sandeep"

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AN ANALYSIS OF ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL EXPORTS OF PAKISTAN WITH SAARC COUNTRIES: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
(Applied Economics Research Centre (AERC), 2011) Kaur, Sandeep; Nanda, Paramjit
Among the SAARC countries, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka had a share of 2.1 per cent, 1.4 per cent and 0.9 percent respectively, in the total exports of Pakistan. Therefore, it becomes imperative to study Pakistan's export potential in relation to SAARC countries. It was further recorded that all SAARC countries' trade including Pakistan is intense with one or two markets during the study period. Therefore, the present study aims at finding whether Pakistan has the potential to export to these nations by using gravity model. Pakistan's export potential to SAARC nations (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka) was calculated with the help of gravity model of exports using panel data methodology (pooled model, fixed effect model and random effect model) by employing the data over time period 1981-2005. To find out the convergence and divergence of Pakistan's exports to SAARC members, speed of convergence has been used. The study revealed that, there was presence of convergence in Pakistan's exports with SAARC countries; in other words, actual Pakistan's exports to SAARC countries converged towards the estimated export potential. The study also found that among SAARC countries, Pakistan's net export potential exists for Bhutan, India, Maldives and Nepal. Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal are not only far away from Pakistan but they do not have any common borders with Pakistan. Therefore, Pakistan needs facility for transit trade with Maldives, Nepal and Bhutan, through India to realized its export potential.
Assessing Financial Integration of BRICS Equity Markets an Empirical Analysis, Emerging Economics Studies
(Sage Publication, 2017) Parakash, Vineesh; Nauriyal, D.; Kaur, Sandeep
This article examines the degree of financial integration among the equity markets of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) by using monthly data collected for the period 2005–2014. The study employs Johansen cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM), and Granger causality test which confirm the existence of relationship in the short and long run among the equity markets of BRICS. Further results exhibit that there exists cointegration or a long-run relationship among the equity markets, but weak cointegration, though the results of Granger causality test do not display existence of any causality among market pairs such as China–Brazil, Russia–Brazil, South Africa–Brazil, Russia–China, and South Africa–India. The results indicate that even though the financial integration among the equity markets of BRICS is on ascendance, it is yet incomplete. This work suggests harmonization of laws, regulations, and operations based on international principles and appropriate regulatory supervision among BRICS nations in order to minimize the risk of financial integration, besides further relaxing restrictions on capital account for expedited financial integration.
Availability, Affordability and pricing of the essential drugs: A case study of Bathinda city (Punjab).
(Central University of Punjab, 2016) Bala, Indu; Kaur, Sandeep
In recent times individual spending on health care is the common issue. This issue is manifold as linked with the availability, affordability and pricing of drugs. The present study evaluates these issues related to essential drugs in Bathinda city which is one of the blocks of Malwa region. Availability, affordability and price differences are examined across two types of drugs generic and, branded-generic at public and private drug stores, using a primary survey of patients, drug retailers and wholesalers mainly. The study also analyses the evolution of government drug pricing policies and the impact of patents on drugs. Data on drug prices is collected of commonly used essential drugs of different therapeutic classes. Affordability of the essential medicines to the ordinary people is measured by comparing the treatment cost with the wages earned by them. To compare the domestic prices with international reference prices, median price ratios (MPR) are obtained by dividing the local public and private sector median prices with international reference prices. The study discovers that availability of essential drugs in the public sector is not sufficient to meet the challenge of providing essential drugs to the entire population of the city. The Private sector is dominating for providing drugs and better treatment which has very less transparency in the pricing system and variations in the retail prices and markups are very high. Affordability level of essential drugs for different treatments to ii the ordinary people is satisfactory but not for the people living below the poverty line. Policies should be targeted to maintain a transparent pricing system and should be affordable for all as well as making them more widely available. The drug price control order should be properly implemented in fixing the MRP of branded-generic drugs
Barriers to Indo-Pak Trade: A Case Study of Land Routes
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023-07-02T00:00:00) Zahid-ul-Islam-Dar; Kaur, Sandeep; Chattu, Vijay Kumar
Concerning land routes, the study aims to document some crucial barriers, which are relatively easy to address but potent enough to expand trade between India and Pakistan. Using field research, this article examines the factors that impede trade between India and Pakistan through land-border crossings�Attari�Wagah border in Punjab and, Chakkan da Bagh, Poonch, and Salamabad Uri, Baramulla, the two land-border crossings in Jammu and Kashmir. Semi-structured questionnaires are administered to traders and unstructured interviews are held with other stakeholders. The findings such as security issues, inadequate banking facilities, inadequate physical infrastructure, communication lacunae, excessive paperwork, and lack of arrangements for traders� meets are documented as some of the prominent impeding factors in overland trade between the two nations. The prominent barriers perceived by the traders concerning Attari and Cross-the Line of Control (LoC) trade are excessive documentation, complex procedures, and nonavailability of banking facilities. � 2023 Association of Asia Scholars.
Brexit and India: Analyzing the Implications
(New Delhi Publishers, 2018) Kaur, Sandeep
Since both EU and UK are of paramount importance to Indian economy, Brexit has a significant impact on Indian Economy. In view of this, the present book aims at disclosing the possible impact of Brexit on the Indian economy in particular. The book is divided into three parts: India-UK Bilateral Trade, India-UK Trade in Services and Political and Economic relations between India and UK. Further, the book disseminates knowledge and information on the various themes particularly India-UK bilateral trade (merchandise and services), FDI etc.
The Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) among Prisoners in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(MDPI, 2022-10-18T00:00:00) Manna, Subhanwita; Tripathy, Snehasish; Sah, Rahul Kumar; Padhi, Bijaya Kumar; Kaur, Sandeep; Nowrouzi-Kia, Behdin; Chattu, Vijay Kumar
Background: The increasing prevalence and subsequent mortality due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among Indian prisoners are often ignored by policymakers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to analyze the rising burden of Noncommunicable Diseases in Indian prisons and estimate the pooled prevalence of depression among Indian prisoners. Methods: A total 9 studies were chosen in accordance with PRISMA guidelines that investigated the burden of NCDs in Indian prisons and were published between January 2010 and August 2022. Statistical analysis was performed in STATA Version 16 software, and the funnel plot was used to identify publication bias. Results: A total of 167 articles were identified, and 9 were included in this analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression among prisoners was 48.78% (95% CI, 27.24�70.55%). According to the review, prisoners showed a significant prevalence of moderate to severe depression, dental caries, poor periodontal condition, and suicide ideation. This study is the first to analyze NCDs prevalence among Indian prisoners. Poor mental and dental health standards and the virtual absence of healthcare facilities necessitate governmental actions to boost inmates� health. It is essential to develop preventative interventions for this extremely isolated and vulnerable group in addition to diagnosing and treating noncommunicable diseases. Conclusions: Our study findings will enable decision-makers to structure and develop appropriate preventative and curative programs for inmates� general wellbeing. � 2022 by the authors.
CHANGING PATTERN OF INDIA’S HIGH TECHNOLOGY EXPORTS: A STUDYOF COMPETITIVENESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
(Shri Ram College of Commerce, 2016) Manisha; Kaur, Sandeep
Export earnings of India have increased substantially over the years. For active participation in the global trading system export diversification is essential. Export diversification plays a main part in the economic growth of the developing countries. These countries try to improve place at the global level by increase its exports by exporting high technology products. India is no exception to this. The present study makes trying to look at the strength of pharmaceutical exports in India’s high technology exports with the US and Russian Federation with the help of different indices like Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) during 1991-2012. The empirical result of the study revealed that India has the maximum comparative advantage in pharmaceutical products with the US and Russian Federation. Further, the result of the study also highlights the positive impact of TRIPS on India’s pharmaceutical exports. The study also finds that domestic companies are more R and D oriented than foreign companies. For India to become a top player in the international business of pharmaceutical sector, the government of India needs to sustain foreign investments in pharmaceuticals sector so that it would help to meet the practical knowledge and to generate employment.
Changing structure of India�s exports with Africa: Where do the technology-intensive exports stand?
(Routledge, 2023-07-25T00:00:00) Fayaz, Mohd; Kaur, Sandeep
The present study is an endeavour to document the pattern of comparative advantage and structural changes of Indian exports with Africa with the help of revealed comparative advantage index and the constant market share model for the period 1980�2021. The results indicate that India possesses a comparative advantage in a large number of export products to markets in Africa. However, most of these exports belong to the category of low-tech and resource-based goods. Considering its abundant labour, it is to be expected for India to have a comparative advantage in these low-skilled and labour-intensive traditional exports. The commodities with maximum advantage in the African market are medicinal and pharmaceutical products followed by sugar, sugar preparations, and honey. In the category of technology-intensive products, India has strengthened its market power only in the export of organic chemicals and dyes, and colouring materials. � 2023 African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development.
Comparative study of thermal treatments on stability of moringa oil by using physio-chemical analysis and FTIR spectroscopy
(Central University of Punjab, 2018) Kaur, Sandeep; Srivastava, Yashi
A comparative study was conducted to check the stability and acceptability of moringa oil by giving it three different treatments of time, temperature and mode of heating process and by evaluating the various quality parameters such as peroxide value, free fatty acid value, iodine value, anisidine value, levels of conjugated dienes and trienes, refractive index, density, viscosity, specific gravity and total polyphenol, tocopherol and phytosterolcontentand by FTIR spectroscopy. The optimized cycle formoringa oilfryingwas 180?C for 8 hours; for microwave heating was P-100, P-80, and P-60 for 5, 10, 15, 20min and foroven treatment was 150?C, 180?C, 200?C for 5, 10, 15, 20 min. The results showed that values of FFA, AV, TOTOX, CD, CT, viscosity, density, RI and specific gravity increased and those of iodine value, content of polyphenols,phytosterols and tocopherols decreased as the three different modes of heat treatments proceeded. The physio-chemical properties evaluated indicate that values obtained after 8 hours of continuous moringa oil frying were comparable with microwave heated samples at P-100 for 20 mins. However, the analytical data showed that oven heated samples at 2000C for 20 mins were comparable with microwave heated samples at P-80 for 20 mins and with deep fat fried samples after 6 hours in most of the cases.Further, it has been concluded that moringa oil had shown good thermal stability and remained acceptable after 8hrs of continuous frying, 20 mins of microwave heating at P-100 as well as after 20 mins of conventional oven heating at 2000C
Complementarities in Production and Trade among ASEAN Countries
(Research Centre For Social Sciences, India, 2010) Kaur, Sandeep
The share of India’s export to WANA (West Asia and North Africa) is 22.5 percent, followed by EU (European Union) 21.2 percent and North America 15.5 Percent, ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) 10.3 percent, South Asia 4.6 percent and Latin America 3.3 percent (Government of India, Economic survey 2010-11). As compared to other blocs (WANA, North America and EU) the share of India’s exports to ASEAN is low. Thus there is need to examine the reasons for low trade of India with ASEAN nations. In the light of this, the present paper has been undertaken to study competitiveness or complementarities in production and trade among India and ASEAN nations and to study the pattern of intra -regional trade of ASEAN nations. There is substantial range of existing complementarities between ASEAN and India. As most of the ASEAN countries are heavily dependent on imported drugs and health care equipments, therefore India could also cooperate with ASEAN in pharmaceutical and health care service sectors. India Shares Sea boundaries with three ASEAN countries namely Indonesia, Myanmar and Thailand. Thus in terms of transport cost, India has benefit to trade with ASEAN. So, India should look at expanding sea transport linkages to promote trade, tourism and other economic activities.
Crop insurance policies in india: An empirical analysis of pradhan mantri fasal bima yojana
(MDPI, 2021-10-27T00:00:00) Kaur, Sandeep; Raj, Hem; Singh, Harpreet; Chattu, Vijay Kumar
India is home to over one-third of all undernourished children worldwide, and it ranks 94th out of 107 nations in the Global Hunger Index 2020. Instability in production and market risks make agriculture a risky business and directly affect farmers� income levels, thereby impacting food security. This review aimed to understand various features of different crop insurance policies in India and to analyze the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana�s (PMFBY) impacts on Indian farmers. A literature search was performed in all popular databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, AGRICOLA, AGRIS, and Google search engines, as well as annual Indian government reports. The keywords �Crop Insurance� OR �Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana� OR �National Agriculture Schemes� AND �India� were searched to obtain relevant articles. By using cumulative data, we conducted a multiple regression analysis and a model was developed to estimate the effects of insurance characteristics on farmer coverage for the years 2017�2018 and 2018�2019. Agricultural insurance coverage under PMFBY remained low in terms of the number of farmers insured, the area insured, claims paid, and total farmers benefited. Compared to other schemes, the beneficiary and claim premium ratios were substantially lower under the PMFBY. The multiple regression analysis showed that farmers� premiums have a significant effect on the number of farmers insured over time, although the subsidies do not have a significant influence in farmers� insurance participation. Delays in claim settlement, the complexity of the system, and a lack of awareness among farmers are the major weaknesses of the PMFBY. Greater use of digital media could help spread awareness of these schemes among farmers. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Cross Loc trade facilitation: A Case study of two TFCs
(Central University of Punjab, 2015) Dar, Zahid Ul Islam; Kaur, Sandeep
Structural transformation is a process by which the relative importance of different sectors and activities of an economy changes over time. The Kerala economy is also undergoing the transformation from traditional backward agrarian economy to a modern service sector led economy. The significance of the present study lies in the fact that the whole process of structural transformation of the Kerala economy has not so far been addressed in a detailed and comprehensive manner in the earlier studies. No specific attempt has been made to relate the pattern of agricultural development with the structural transformations in the Kerala economy. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the structural changes and growth performance and pattern of agricultural development in Kerala economy. The study mainly covers a period of 1980-81 to 2010-11. The study has found that the share of primary sector in GSDP has declined sharply, but the corresponding decline in employment share has not taken place. Moreover, the excess labour force has moved from primary sector to secondary sector, thus causing abundance in secondary sector and there was only a meager increase in share of income from ii secondary sector in GSDP. The share of income from services sector in GSDP has increased sharply, but it failed to register a sharp increase in employment. Thus, it follows that Kerala did not experience a sequential growth process (as propounded by structural change growth theories) as the service sector led growth did not provide employment matching with its income and the process of industrialization failed to take off as share of income from secondary sector did not commensurate with the level of employment in the sector. The changes in land use pattern in Kerala were unprecedented during the past decades in terms of deforestation, increase in area as current fallow, increase in area under non-agricultural land, decrease in both net area sown and gross cropped area resulting in decline in cropping intensity. Irrigation intensity of only 20 per cent points that about 80 per cent of the cropped area is rain-fed. Kerala witnessed shift in the copping pattern in favour of non-food crops at the expense of food crops as crops such as pulses, rice, tapioca, cashewnut, ginger were replaced by commercial cash crops like rubber and coconut. The declining cultivable area, predominance of tiny and fragmented holdings, decline in work force in terms of reduction in agricultural labour and cultivator has made farming more vulnerable. Finally, the study has suggested some policy suggestions such as training to labour moved to secondary sector, keeping a check on the area under food crops, bringing more area under assured irrigation, strict law enforcing mechanism to avoid unnecessary conversion of agricultural land to non-farming activities, creation of "Labour Banks" to revive agricultural economy of the Kerala.
A cross-sectional study to correlate antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and inflammation with prevalence of hypertension
(Elsevier Inc., 2022-10-28T00:00:00) Kaur, Sukhchain; Rubal; Kaur, Satveer; Kaur, Amandeep; Kaur, Sandeep; Gupta, Sushil; Mittal, Sunil; Dhiman, Monisha
Aims: Hypertension a multifactorial consequence of environmental factors, life style and genetics is the well-recognized risk factor contributing to coronary heart diseases. The antioxidant imbalance, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress which is pivotal in progression of hypertension. The present study aims to understand the complex interaction between oxidative stress, inflammation and antioxidant system which is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis which further can exaggerate hypertension pathophysiology. Materials and methods: The metabolic profile of hypertensive and normotensive subjects from Malwa region, Punjab was compared by estimating lipid profile, cardiac, hepatic and renal markers. The oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation), inflammatory markers (Nitric oxide, Myeloperoxidase and advanced oxygen protein products), and antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Total Antioxidant Capacity) were analyzed. Key findings: It is observed that the metabolic markers are altered in hypertensive subjects which further these subjects showed increased oxidative, inflammatory profile and compromised antioxidant status when compared with normotensive subjects. Co-relation analysis validated the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress in impaired endothelial function and vital organ damage. Significance of study: These markers may act as early indicators of hypertension which usually do not show any physical symptoms, thus can be diagnosed and treated at the earliest. The current study suggests that disturbed homeostasis, a consequence of altered interaction between antioxidant system and inflammatory events raises the oxidative stress levels which eventually leads to hypertension and associated complications. These indicators can serve as early indicators of future chronic complications of hypertension. � 2022
The Determinants of Economic Growth: Experience of China, Japan, South Korea and India
(SCMS Group of Educational Institutions, 2022-07-30T00:00:00) Bhat, Gulshan Farooq; Kaur, Sandeep
The present paper is a sincere effort to analyse the role of the various determinants of economic growth in China, Japan, South Korea, and India for the period of 1980-2016. Panel Cointegration, Panel Vector Error Correction Model, and Granger Causality have been incorporated to determine the causal relationship among the selected determinants of economic growth. There is evidence of significant long-run causality of selected variables, i.e. services value-added, gross fixed capital formation, exports, and school enrollment ratio, but industrial value-added has not shown a significant impact on GDP per capita and also has not shown the long-run causality with selected variables. Also, the school enrolment ratio, GDP per capita, and service value-added have an important role in causeand- effect relationships among selected variables. The study suggests that there is a need to raise productivity and rapid industrialisation in these economies. In addition, improvement in technology, reduction in corruption, general welfare and happiness of people, and Research and Development (R&D) are required to recognise the maximum benefits of growth and development. � 2022 SCMS Group of Educational Institutions. All rights reserved.
Determinants of Export Services of USA with its Asian Partners: A Panel Data Analysis
(Ala-Too International University, Bishkek, 2011) Kaur, Sandeep
Trade in services has accounted for 20 per cent of global trade. Despite the increasing importance of services trade in global economy, there has been limited research on service trade which uses determinants driving such trade. The present paper has examined the export potential in service sector of USA with its Asian trade partners (Japan, China, India, Singapore, South Korea and Hong Kong) by taking into account geographic, economic and other features. The approach is based on gravity model, widely used to analyze trade in goods and has more recently been applied to service sector. Being a nature of study is of panel data i.e. for 9 years (2000-2008) and six cross sections, the study used panel data methodology. The study revealed that USA has export potential in services for India and Japan. Regarding the convergent and divergent economies, USA had convergence in exports with three Asian countries (Hong Kong, India and Korea) and divergence with three Asian countries (Japan, China and Singapore). There is a large scope for export expansion for Hong Kong, India and Korea.
Development of a Web Application for Computing Trade Indicators
(International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews., 2018) Harshvardhan; Meenakshi; Kaur, Sandeep
Divided Space and the Divided Subject: A Comparative Analysis of Shauna Singh Baldwin
(Literary Voice) Kaur, Sandeep; Saini, Alpna
The Dynamic Effects of SAARC: a panel analysis
(Serials Publications, 2010) Kaur, Sandeep; Nanda, Paramjit
Education, Human Development and Economic Growth in Punjab: A Casual Analysis
(Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, 2010) Kaur, Sandeep; Nanda, Paramjit
This paper has evaluated the relative performance of 12 major districts of Punjab in terms of Human Development and Economic Growth and examined the two-way link between them during 1981-2001. Expectation of life at birth positively but non-significantly affected inter-district variations in EG. For EG induced HD, per capita NDP negatively and significantly affected interdistrict variations in literacy rate and positively and non-significantly affected inter-district variations of life expectancy. Classification of districts based on their performance on HD and EG reveals that out of 12 districts, only four districts were in the category of lopsided HD and six districts were in the category of virtuous cycle as per the indicators of HD (HDI, literacy rate and expectation of life at birth) in 2001. The results suggest that the policy should be such that HD induced growth process is strengthened for lifting the districts to the virtuous cycle category.
Export and Import Potentials of Pakistan to other SAARC Countries in Panel Data Models, 1981 -2005
(Euro-American Association of Economic Development Studies, 2010) Kaur, Sandeep; Nanda, Paramjit