Browsing by Author "Singh, Kulwinder"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Conflict and social determinants of health: would global health diplomacy resolve the Afghanistan healthcare conundrum?
    (Routledge, 2023-06-21T00:00:00) Singh, Bawa; Singh, Sandeep; Kaur, Jaspal; Singh, Kulwinder; Popalzay, Abdul Wasi
    Public health, conflict/war, Social Determinants of Health (SDHs) and Global Health Diplomacy (GHD) are believed to be strongly interwoven. Afghanistan that is known as the �Graveyard of the Empire� has been passing through a very critical phase given the prolonged civil war during the last couple of decades, wherein the ongoing current situation further pushed the country towards the collapse of the political and economic systems. Thereby, Afghanistan�s healthcare system has been entrapped into the civil war conundrum causing the SDHs to be seriously affected. Conflict in any form, i.e. local, regional, or international, has left black swan impacts on not only the SDHs but also led to health crises given the inaccessibility, unaffordability, and more of lack of the infrastructure, and exodus of trained medical staff and healthcare inequity. In this situation, it is anticipated that GHD could play a significant role in providing equitable healthcare to people at stake. Against this backdrop, the focus of this paper is; how the SDHs have been impacted by the civil conflict and how the public healthcare has been turned into a conundrum; would the GHD resolve the healthcare crisis in the prevailing scenario?. � 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    Financial Performance of Micro-Finance Institutions in India
    (The Society of Economics and Development, 2021-10-16T00:00:00) Singla, Naresh; Ahmed, Mumtaz; Singh, Kulwinder
    Micro-finance institutions (MFIs) in most of the developing countries, including India, are seen as essential tools to eradicate poverty and raise the standard of living of rural poor. Therefore, the sound functioning of MFIs has a huge long-run impact on the outreach of the rural poor. However, the performance of MFIs is often measured in terms of their social impact on the rural poor, while the financial indicators are ignored. In this context, the study analysed the major determinants of the financial performance of the 20 MFIs in India using panel regression. The results of the study revealed that financial indicators such as operating self-sufficiency, return on assets, and size (assets of the MFIs) had a positive impact on increasing the performance of MFIs. Further, the active borrowers increase efficiency, while passive borrowers had a negative impact on the performance of the MFIs. Similarly, a low level of debt to equity ratio, operating expenses to assets ratio, and low percentage of women borrowers could lead to the sound financial performance of MFIs. � 2021 The Society of Economics and Development, except certain content provided by third parties.
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    Irregular emigration from Indian Punjab: nature and causes
    (Routledge, 2021-12-04T00:00:00) Singh, Kulwinder; Singla, Naresh; Singh, Nirvair
    Given very well-established channels of regular emigration, the co-existence and mushrooming of irregular emigration from Indian Punjab presents a peculiar case and therefore, requires to be deeply investigated. The study finds that irregular migration is largely a forced migration rather than a wilful one. Migration policies of destination countries largely enforce irregular migration by restricting less-educated and semi-skilled Punjabis to migrate through regular mode. The prospective migrants after being rejected under the regular migration system adopt irregular migration. Thus, irregular migration compliments regular migration, rather than substituting it. Although irregular migration is found to be economically unviable in the initial years but offers net economic gains as it gets older. Liberalisation of the migration policies in destination countries, improvement in the quality of school education and its infrastructure and strictly monitoring business of travel agents in Indian Punjab can check the menace of irregular migration effectively. � 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    Market integration and price transmission in wheat markets of�India: a transaction cost approach
    (Emerald Publishing, 2022-11-02T00:00:00) Ahmed, Mumtaz; Singla, Naresh; Singh, Kulwinder
    Purpose: Wheat, which is one of the major staple food grain crops in India, continues to depict occasional fluctuation in the prices though Union government has adopted administered price policy for wheat by intervening in its procurement at assured prices and distribution. Such fluctuations in prices are usually attributed to inefficient functioning of the agricultural markets. Since spatially separated markets also play an important role to determine efficiency of the agricultural markets, the study has used market integration as one of the tools to analyze the price transmission across the spatially separated markets to identify causes of price fluctuations and suggest ways to stabilize wheat prices. Design/methodology/approach: The study utilizes monthly wholesale prices for January, 2006 to May, 2016 for dara wheat. First, the study employs augmented Dickey and Fuller (ADF), Phillips and Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt and Shin (KPSS) tests to check stationarity in wheat prices. Second, Johansen's cointegration test is applied to assess the integration of wholesale prices between selected pairs of wheat markets to determine long-run relationship among them. Third, Granger casualty test is used to find the direction of causality between the wheat market pairs. Finally, threshold vector error correction model (TVECM) and likelihood ratio (LR) tests are employed to examine long-run adjustment of prices towards the equilibrium in selected wheat markets. Findings: Since wheat wholesale prices for the selected markets are found to be integrated of the order one, that is [I(1)], Johansen's test of cointegration is employed and its findings reveal that the selected wheat market pairs exhibit cointegration and show a long-run price association among themselves. There exists a bi-directional causality among the wheat market pairs. Since LR test is in favor of threshold model (except for Etawah�Delhi pair), one and two threshold models were also performed accordingly. Findings show that wholesale prices of wheat in Delhi markets remain higher than the prices of all other regional markets as regional markets are found to adjust their prices towards Delhi market. Distance of the wheat markets from each other is directly associated with threshold parameters, which are analogous to the transaction costs. Geographically dispersed wheat markets incorporate high transaction and vice versa. Research limitations/implications: The study argues that there is need to improve rural infrastructure and connectivity of the agricultural markets and remove market asymmetries through unified market regulating mechanisms across the states. This will enable price adjustment process from primary wholesale markets (in production regions) to the secondary wholesale markets (in scarcity regions) quickly. Originality/value: The contribution of the study in the existing literature lies in the fact that there are no empirical evidences in the context of India that use price transmission as a tool of market integration among spatially separated wheat markets using TVCEM as this model examines role of transaction costs in efficient functioning of the agricultural markets. � 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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    Monetary response to global financial crisis in india econometrics analysis
    (Central University of Punjab, 2014) Bhuyan, Biswabhushan; Singh, Kulwinder
    This study has examined India's monetary policy response to global financial crisis by applying Taylor's rule with the aid of Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. It also investigates monetary policy response during pre global financial crisis period. The study has used quarterly data for pre-crisis (2001Q1 to 2008Q1) and post-crisis periods (2008Q2 to 2012Q4). All in all, it was revealed that Taylor's rule is more responsive to industrial output, exchange rate and inflation in short run as compared to long-run. However, monetary policy is responsive to inflation in industrial commodities in long-run. During post crisis period, it is responsive to output, inflation and exchange rate in short run whereas it has turned out to be non-responsive in the long-run. In addition to this, trends and perspectives of monetary policy in India were also analysed during the period 1970-71 to 2012-13.
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    Tourism and economic growth in jammu kashmir
    (Central University of Punjab, 2014) Unjum, Irfana; Singh, Kulwinder
    From last few decades "Tourism" has been world's rapidly growing industry. In Jammu and Kashmir, tourism is an important industry as scope of agricultural and industrial development is limited. Present study investigates the role of tourism in the economic growth of Jammu and Kashmir during the period from 2004-05 to 2012-13. It also analyses the impact of tourism on livelihood as well as on the income and expenditure level of the stakeholders involved in this business. Besides secondary data, study is based on the primary data collected from the four tourist destinations namely, Katra, Patnitop, Gulmarg and Pahalgam of the state. Findings of the study reveal that tourism is one of the important sectors of Jammu and Kashmir. Having bi-directional relationship between tourism and economic growth, tourism contributes significantly to the GSDP of the state. The contribution of tourism in income and employment is found to be significant as the stakeholders involved in this business are earning fair income and also the employment provided by this sector is usually permanent. Moreover, average working hours in the tourism business are more for permanent employees than temporary ones, and so is the average monthly income. Income from tourism has positive and significant impact on the expenditure and investment level of the stakeholders.
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    Urban informal economy and vulnerabilities of domestic waste-pickers: A case of Chandigarh, India
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023-02-22T00:00:00) Singh, Kulwinder; Singla, Naresh; Sharma, Manjit; Singh, Jatinder
    In urban informal economies, waste-pickers increasingly face threat to their livelihoods due to the rapid emergence of formal systems of waste collection and lack of adequate public policies for their welfare. In this context, the study explores livelihood conditions of domestic waste-pickers and their occupational and educational mobility in Chandigarh, which is often referred as one of most well-planned cities of India. Using a semi-structured schedule, a field-based survey of the waste-pickers brings out that waste-pickers are the migrant workers from adjoining states and work as waste-pickers mainly due to non-availability of alternative employment opportunities. Employment in waste-picking is characterized by informal service charge fixation purely through interaction between house-owners and waste-pickers, where their low bargaining power leads to a surprisingly low level of income with significant variations due to gender. Child labour, even though disguised, also tends to exist. The study reveals unsafe working conditions, awful health conditions and unpleasant living conditions of the waste-pickers along with trivial upward educational mobility and no upward occupational mobility. The analysis presents a classic case of failure of both market and state in delivering optimum economic welfare to waste-pickers even in case of well-planned and highly urbanized city such as Chandigarh of India and demands immediate public policy intervention. � The Author(s) 2023.