Mphil Thesis

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/157

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An economic analysis of cotton crop failure in the mansa district of punjab.
(Central University of Punjab, 2017) Singh, Harpreet; Bhatia, Sandeep Kaur
At the time of the green revolution, there is a huge increase in the productivity of wheat and rice. Among the various states, Punjab was the leader of the green revolution in India. But from the late 1980s, decline in the prosperity of farmers due to increasing farm costs as input prices has put heavy weight on the farmers to borrow additional from the informal lenders in the lack of access to suitable formal credit. The number of farmer suicides in Punjab is recognized as the changing agricultural relations. The major cause was the productivity of cotton crop failed to put the whole cotton belt under stress. The study was carried out in the Mansa District. However, the study area was confined to those villages where the farmers committed suicides due to cotton crop failure in 2015-16. 81 farmers from 24 villages were surveyed from 5 blocks of Mansa district. Out of 81, Where 31 families were those whose member committed suicide due to cotton crop failure. Most of the farmers in study belong to the small and marginal category of farmers those are most vulnerable from cotton crop failure due to burden of high debt. Benefit -cost analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to know loss, cost and return due to crop failure. Without crop insurance scenario, it was found that the net returns were negative and the B-C ratio remained well below unity. Therefore these results indicate that estimated amount of crop insurance is also not sufficient to Name of Student : Harpreet Singh Registration Number : 15mpheco15 Degree for which submitted : Master of Philosophy (M. Phil.) Name of Supervisor : Dr. Sandeep Kaur Bhatia Name of Centre : Centre for Economic Studies School of studies : School Of Social Sciences iv fill up the loss gap due to crop failure in case of Mansa district of Punjab. Therefore for the comprehensive implementation of the PMFBY in case of Punjab need some modifications regarding the premium rate and indemnity level and special agrarian policy for small and marginal farmers.
An economic analysis of groundwater depletion in sangrur
(Central University of Punjab, 2014) Pavneet; Bhatia, Sandeep Kaur
The adoption of high yielding variety seeds, increased in use of chemical fertilizers and irrigation has helped in raising the income level of the farmers and total foodgrain production. But it cannot be denied that the adoption of this modern technology is expensive and it takes place at the cost of unsustainable use of resources. Groundwater depletion is found to be one of the major problems in Central Punjab. Among all districts, stage of groundwater development is the highest in Sangrur district, i.e. 264 per cent. All the nine blocks of Sangrur district are over- exploited and groundwater usage is highest in Sunam block. Therefore, in the present study entitled "An Economic Analysis of Groundwater Depletion in Sangrur District of Punjab ",an attempt has been made to examine the economic analysis of ground water depletion. As many as 120 small, medium and large farmers formed the sample of the study. The sample is taken from the two villages, viz. Tolawal and Rattangarh of the Sunam block (former having pre-dominantly tubewell irrigated farms and the latter having canal+ tubewell irrigation facilities). The study reveals that with an increase in area under wheat- paddy crop has also increased the area under groundwater irrigation. In Punjab, area under wheat crop has increased from 274 thousand hectare to 287 thousand hectare and for paddy crop has increased from 11 thousand hectare to 274 thousand hectare, from 1970- 71 to 2011-12. The study brought out that higher the farm size, higher is the ownership of motors and depth of motors and vice- versa. The technical efficiency on farms estimated through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), has indicated the mean technical efficiency of 90.3 per cent and 95 per cent in paddy production and 89.4 per cent and 94.9 per cent in wheat production, in tubewell irrigated and v canal+ tubewell irrigated farms, respectively. The multiple (step- up) regression analysis has revealed that land ownership, number of submersible motors and its depth had positive significant impact on farm income. The study suggests that the government should ensure minimum support prices for less water consuming crops. This will not only shift the existing cropping pattern but will also provide solution to over exploitation of groundwater. It also suggests that assured electricity may be provided to agriculture sector at subsidized rates to minimize this problem. Further, the government should take care for maintenance of canals on priority basis.
Problems of land acquistion : A case study of gobindpura district mansa (punjab)
(Central University of Punjab, 2014) Singh, Gurvinder; Bhatia, Sandeep Kaur
Despite India's roaring economic growth over the past decade, and its citizens' growing belief that it is finally ready to join the league of global superpowers; the country remains vulnerable in providing electricity to all its citizens. Therefore, arises the need for construction of power plants, which creates the problem of land acquisition in India. Many studies have dealt with the problem of land acquisition from different parts of the country, like Singur Tata Case, Nandigrame and Odhisa Pasco. The present study tries to analyse the socio economic implications of land acquisition of Gobindpura, a village of Mansa. Earlier studies are mostly related to the SEZ and land for industrial projects. But the present study is concerned with the land acquisition for a new thermal power plant. In lieu of its significance, the study looks at it socio-economic impacts of land acquisition in village Gobindpura and the nature of struggle being faced by people there due to the loss of land and livelihood. It was in October 2010, the Government of Punjab had decided to establish a Thermal Power Plant of 1320 Mega Watt (MW) in Gobindpura with the help of Poena Power Company. The total land area of the village is 1458 acres, out of which 806 acres of land has been acquired by the State Government of Punjab for establishing the thermal power plant. Due to the land acquisition, the land holdings of the people reduced from 1458 acres to 652 acres in the village. The study found that there has been change in cropping pattern and leased 'in and out' pattern of the agrarian land. Annual income of villagers decreased after land acquisition due to reduction in the size of agricultural land. The compensation amount given to the farmers ranged between from Rs. 23.23 lakhs per acre to Rs. 23.77 lakhs per acre, including displacement allowances, which was less than the announced amount. The study concludes that the problems arising out of land acquisition are due to following reasons: paying less compensation to the land owners, land acquired for the private projects in the name of public purpose, not providing the alternative source of income to the affected people and ignoring the agricultural labourers. The study suggests that the compensation amount being decided by the government should be based on the actual market price. It also suggests that the government should re-evaluate the existing land acquisition norms in India. The agricultural land acquired for purpose of development projects will make the agricultural population unemployed due to the multiples externalities of the projects, which are unskilled to fetch other jobs apart from aggravating the problem of food security in future
Socio-economic implications of pesticide use in bathinda district of the punjab state
(Central University of Punjab, 2014) Kaur, Harvinder; Bhatia, Sandeep Kaur
The excessive use of the pesticides in agriculture has not only increased production cost but also led to negative externalities. The present study is an attempt to analyse the socio-economic implications of pesticide use in Bathinda district known as cotton belt as it has maximum area under cotton cultivation. Among eight blocks, two blocks namely Talwandi Sabo having maximum area under cotton cultivation and Phul block having maximum area under paddy cultivation had been selected for the study. Therefore, in the present study entitled "Socio-Economic Implications of Pesticide use in Bathinda District of the Punjab State", an attempt has been are made to access efficiency of two farms growing cotton and paddy and also to find out the impact of pesticides on gross returns of the crops and also on health of farmers and agricultural labourers. The farmers and agricultural labourers engaged in growing cotton and paddy were randomly selected across two villages i.e. Laleana and Rayia respectively. The primary data was collected from 120 farmers and 80 agricultural labourers through structure schedules . The data was analysed using Data Envelopment Analysis programme, Simple regression analysis, Multiple (Step-up) regression analysis and Probit model. The rate of return from pesticides for cotton crop for large farmers (Rs. 13.40) was less than medium farmers (Rs. 14.31) and small farmers (Rs. 15.44). It was the highest for small farmers (Rs. 15.44) showing that it decreases with the increase in the expenditure on pesticides. Likewise for paddy, rate of return was less for large farmers (Rs. 18.56) as they incurred more on pesticides while the highest for small farmers (Rs. 22.67). Regarding the impact of different inputs iv used for returns of cotton, pesticides were significant and positive input while for paddy; labour was significant and positive variable. The result of technical efficiency reveals that cotton farms were less efficient than paddy farms. Usage of pesticides had harmful effect upon the health of farmers and agricultural labourers indicating that those were using manual backup sprayer face many problems. The farmers should be educated to identify the threshold level of pest infestation and take measures only after that instead of blindly following the neighbouring farmers while applying pesticides.