Theses And Dissertation

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    A study of youth unemployment and Labour force participation in Odisha
    (Central University of Punjab, 2017) Pattayat, Shiba Shankar; Parida, Jajati Keshari
    This study attempts to explore the recent trends and patterns of youth unemployment, sectoral employment patterns and the factors influencing youth labour force participation in Odisha. This study also attempts to project the size and composition of labour force and sectoral employments by 2019-2020 to know the size of demand-supply gap and hence to suggest appropriate policy measures. This study is based on both secondary and primary data. The major sources of secondary data are NSS (various rounds) and Census of India. NSS data is used to calculate various development statistics, whereas census population data is used to adjust the NSS estimates and obtain absolute figures. Moreover, a primary survey is conducted in Balasore district of Odisha to explore the employability pattern of ITI pass-outs. The major findings of the study suggest that youth unemployment is increasing over the last three decades in Odisha. It is high among the students who passed the secondary and above level of education. The unemployment rate among ITI pass-outs is also quite high. The unemployment rate among ITI pass-outs is higher than that of general education pass outs. The falling trend of agriculture employment due to mechanisation on one hand and non-availability of jobs in industry and service sectors on the other hand are responsible for high unemployment in Odisha. Within non-farm sector, the sub sectors like construction, labour intensive manufacturing (basic and fabricated metal, plastic products food and beverages, wood and paper products, and textile and apparel) and within service sector, subsectors like arts and entertainment, retail trade, transportation and storage, and education are deriving employment growth in recent years. vi Furthermore, this study finds that poverty and household income distress are playing an important role in the process of youth labour force participation in Odisha From the demand and supply projection of labour force, it can be concluded that the demand for labour would increase by (at most in the best possible scenario) by 4.5 lakhs per annum, whereas the supply of labour would likely to increase by 6.5 lakhs per annum. Hence, a gap of 2 lakhs per annum would be generated within labour market in Odisha. Therefore, in this context, it is suggested that the policy measure that focuses on growth of manufacturing sector along with development of social sector including education and health sectors would have greater potential for generating employment opportunities. And thereby it would help sustain the growth of jobs and the structural transformation process which started during 2004-05 in Odisha.
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    Selection for Salt Tolerance in Petunia Grandiflora
    (Central University of Punjab, 2014) Najar, Raoof Ahmad; Saini, R.G.
    Petunia grandiflora a native of South America is a popular and high value ornamental plant in the world. Soil salinity is the major abiotic stress in semi-arid Malwa region of Punjab, adversely affecting its productivity, survival and quality. In order to develop salt resistant varieties of P. grandiflora, an attempt was made to select salt tolerant seedlings from varieties Violet Blue, Giant California and Nana compecta by using ex-vitro and in-vitro methods. Seedlings were subjected to salt treatments of 100 mM, 200 mM, 300 mM, 400 mM, 500 mM and 600 mM for durations of 4 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr and 24 hours. Salt treatment reduced shoot length, leaf number and survival percentages and delayed days to 50% flowering. Variety Nana Compecta was identified as tolerant to salt and variety Giant California was most sensitive to soil salinity. In in-vitro method of gradual increase in NaCl concentration (0, 25, 50, 75 and 150 mM) from low to high level was found to be a better approach for selecting salt tolerant calli as compared to direct method in which direct transfer of calli to high salt concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM) was found to be detrimental to callus survival and growth. Treatment of calli upto 50 mM salt concentrations was good for shoot regeneration in all the three varieties. Protocol was standardized for callus induction, direct shoot induction from leaves, shoot regeneration from callus and root induction from shoots. For callus induction, 2 mg/l 2, 4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin was optimum for variety Violet Blue and 1 mg/l both BAP and NAA was optimum for varieties Giant California and Nana Compecta. For direct shoot induction from leaves 2 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l NAA were good for all the three varieties. For shoot regeneration from calli, 2 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.1 IAA for variety Violet Blue and 1 mg/l both BAP and NAA for varieties Giant California and Nana Compecta were ideal. For root induction, 0.5 mg/l NAA and 0.1 mg/l IBA were ideal for all the three varieties. Seeds from plants grown ex-vitro showing tolerance to salt were harvested and stored for further testing.
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    Influence of Fertilizer industry wastewater on the germination behavior of barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains
    (Central University of Punjab, 2012) Kaur, Jaskiran; K.N., Yogalaskshmi
    Industries generate enormous amount of wastewater. Increased water crisis problems, coupled with stringent regulatory standards for wastewater disposal has necessitated the need for better wastewater treatment options. Most developing countries do not have sufficient funds to invest on technologies for treating wastewater. As agriculture demands more water, use of wastewater for irrigation would be the best option for treatment of wastewater. Using wastewater for irrigation purposes would solve the problem of water scarcity as well. In the present study, the effect of fertilizer industry wastewater on germination behaviour of Hordeum vulgare (PL-426) grains was examined. The wastewater was collected from National Fertilizer Limited, Bathinda, Punjab. The wastewater was acidic in nature and contained around 37.5% of total dissolved solids and 9.2% of total suspended solids. BOD and COD were more than that of permissible limits. The germination study was carried for a period of 6 days. For the germination study, the wastewater composition used were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% wastewater concentrations diluted proportionately with distilled and designated as E0-E4, respectively. The growth of the grain was evaluated based on morphological and biochemical parameters. The effects were studied by comparing the growth at different wastewater concentration with that of control. Germination percentage, germination index, germination vigor index, root and shoot length, relative elongation ratio of shoot and root, fresh and dry weight, vi chlorophyll a and b, proteins and antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity of grains showed significant decrease with increase in wastewater concentration beyond 50% indicating the inhibition of germination with increase in wastewater concentration. Parameters such as dry weight, chlorophyll a and b, superoxide dismutase and proteins showed higher value at 100% wastewater than control. The results concluded that the fertilizer industry wastewater can be used effectively for the cultivation of Hordeum vulgare and the maximum growth could be achieved only at 50% dilution.
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    Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Inclusion in Lower Rim Substituted Calix[4]arene
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Ram, Mange; Babu, J. Nagendra
    Calix[4]arene was lower rim functionalized to furnish receptor 2-3 and 4-6, containing propyl and cynomethoxy moieties respectively. The receptors were characterized by FTIR, EI-MS, 1H and 13C NMR. UV-visible studies were performed with receptor 2-5 cone and 6th 1-3,aternate. (2x10-4) upon addition of Naphthalene, Anthracene and Pyrene. Upon addition of Naphthalene, Anthracene and Pyrene the UV-visible absorption showed hyperchromic shift. The one-to-one Host-Guest complexation studied by Benesi-Hildebrand equation showed stability constant in the range 2-10x104 M-1 .
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    NiO QDs /ZnO nanorods composite structure for catalytic reduction of Cr6+
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Ahmed, Imtiaz; Haldar, K.K
    Infront of the emerging interest and talent to search for new materials, we have synthesized Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles decorated Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods composite (NiO/ZnO) nanostructure. By the X-ray powder diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) the NiO/ZnO heterostructure formation was confirmed. The fabricated environmental affable NiO/ZnO composite nanostructure under UV-lights shows a well-defined photoreduction characteristic of hexavalent Chromium (Cr) (VI) to tri-valent Chromium (Cr) (III). Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, photocurrent study, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, proved that the superior photoreduction property is ascribed due to the decreased electron-hole recombination process. In addition to the photocatalytic activity rate of the NiO decorated ZnO nanorods was much higher than that of exposed ZnO nanorods dfv for the reduction of chromium (VI) and their rate of activity is found to be 0.306 min?1 . All results have demonstrates that in the development of highperformance photocatalyst the suitable surface engineering may open up new opportunities.
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    Host-Guest Interaction of calix[4]arene derivatives with MetforminAC
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Gupta, Harshita; BabuJ. Nagendra
    Calix[4]arene was lower rim functionalized to furnish receptor 2-3 and 4-6, containing propyl and cyanomethoxy moieties, respectively. The receptors were characterized by FTIR, 1H and EI-MS. UV-visible studies were performed with receptor 2-6 cone (1'10-4M) upon addition of metformin (1'10-5 - 1'10-3M). Upon addition of metformin the UV-Visible absorption showed a hyperchromic shift.The 1:1 Host-Guest complexation studied by Benesi-Hildebrand equation showed a stability constant in the range 2'104 -10'104 M-1 .
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    Green Synthesis of Imidazopyridines
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Mehar, Nikhil Das; Kumar, Rakesh
    A green synthesis of imidazopyridineusing environmentally friendly ionic liquids have been explored. The role of imidazolium based ionic liquids was evaluated. It was found that alkyl side chain of ionic liquid play an important role for product formation. The best optimized condition includes the use of ionic liquid [hmim]Br. Even the reaction was found to proceed under water. This is of significant importanceas solvent waste and their disposal is one of the major challenges faced by chemical industries.
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    Implication of Methods and Techniques of Relaxation for Investigating the Iron release mechanism of Transferrin
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Singh, Jitender; Kumar, Rajesh
    Transferrins (Tfs, serum transferring (sTf), ovotransferrin (oTf), lactotransferrin(Lf)) are bilobal iron binding glycoprotein's. In the absence of iron, the two lobs are in open conformation. Upon complex formation with iron and the protein is transformed to closed conformation and each lobs forms interdomains hydrogen bond and these are different from one transferrin to other. More over iron release from sTf and oTf take places in mildly acidic media while Lf releases iron in acidic conditions. This difference is likely due to proton assisted di-lysines triggers present in N-lobe of sTF and oTF but absent in Lf. This difference also reflected in kinetic and mechanism of iron release from TFs under mildly acidic pH conditions in the presence of physiological anions. This project discussing the implication of methods and techniques of relaxation for investigating the kinetics and mechanisms of iron release from Tfs' The comparison in kinetic and mechanistic steps of iron release from diferric-sTf, oTf and Lf showed that under mildly acidic conditions, the iron release from diferric-sTf and oTf occur in multiphasic manner while in diferric-sTf it occur it single phase
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    Synthesis and characterization of copper and silver complexes stabilized by Dithiocarbazate
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Rout, Sambit Shashanka Sekhar; Dhayal, Rajendra Singh
    Metal complexes of Dithiocarbazoic acid, it's esters and their Schiff bases have been considered for the potential of anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiamoebic and insecticidal activities. S-methyldithiocarbazate, S-benzyldithiocarbazate and it's Schiff bases were already reported. We synthesize copper(I)/silver(I) complexes using of dithiocarbazate and it's Schiff base. We also isolated heteroatomic (copper and silver) complexes stabilized by dithiocarbazate. All the complexes are characterised by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS (Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy), Elemental mapping and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Further, we synthesize hetero clusters by the use of copper and silver, which can be utilized for making of nanoparticles and nanomaterials in near future.
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    Study Of Microfossils (Foraminifers) From The Khari Nadi Formation Of Jangadia Section Kutch: Palaeoenvironmental Implication
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Haobijam, Johnson; Sharma, K. Milankumar
    The study area lies in the Kutch of Gujarat which is western most part of the Indian subcontinent. This dissertation attempts to study the systematic palaentology of the foraminifera and palaeoenvironment of the Khari Nadi formation of Jangadia section of lower Miocene time. After the thorough study and taking photograph by using trinocular sterozoom microscope nearly 160 specimen are found and most of them are benthic foraminifera and only few of them are planktonic. The benthic foraminifera is best to study the palaeoenvironment of the particular area. The specimen Elphidium are found at the lagoonal environment. Quinqueloculina and triloculina are found in the nearshore environment. Nonion and Nonionella are found in the outerself environment. So, the Khari Nadi formation of Jhangadia section was lagoonal to upperslope environment during the time of lower Miocene which the was slowly transgressive over a stable shelf