South And Central Asian Studies - Research Publications
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Item 1951 Refugee Convention and its Protocol: Imperatives to Indian Perspective.(IMPACT, 2018) Noushadali, K; Kaushiki, NishthaBeing not a signatory to the notable International legal provisions passed for the betterment of refugees such as the United Nations Convention (1951) and protocol (1967), the Indian approach towards the refugees is worthy to do researches. It is for this reason that India responds sympathetically towards its refugee population following the principles of humanitarian considerations. Further, it is interesting to see that the Indian constitution is assuring some definite fundamental freedom to all without discriminating citizens and non-citizens. In order to preserve the fundamental freedoms of the foreigners and of course refugees (non-citizens), the Indian government had given them judicial backup too. This paper is an attempt to look at the importance of the International refugee conventions for the holistic betterment of the global refugee population. Further, the paper outlines the Indian perspectives on the global refugee laws and conventions. It also emphasizes that the Indian constitution and judiciary plays an important role in accommodating refugees, in relation to its political others, as well as ethnic affinities.Item Access to medicines through global health diplomacy(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 2023-06-10T00:00:00) Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Singh, Bawa; Pattanshetty, Sanjay; Reddy, SrikanthThe World Health Organisation (WHO) emphasizes that equitable access to safe and affordable medicines is vital to attaining the highest possible standard of health by all. Ensuring equitable access to medicines (ATM) is also a key narrative of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as SDG 3.8 specifies �access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all� as a central component of universal health coverage (UHC). The SDG 3.b emphasizes the need to develop medicines to address persistent treatment gaps. However, around 2 billion people globally have no access to essential medicines, particularly in lower- and middle-income countries. The states� recognition of health as a human right obligates them to ensure access to timely, acceptable, affordable health care. While ATM is inherent in minimizing the treatment gaps, global health diplomacy (GHD) contributes to addressing these gaps and fulfilling the state�s embracement of health as a human right. � 2023 The Author(s).Item Advancing african medicines agency through global health diplomacy for an equitable pan-african universal health coverage: A scoping review(MDPI, 2021-11-09T00:00:00) Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Dave, Vishal B.; Reddy, K. Srikanth; Singh, Bawa; Sahiledengle, Biniyam; Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba; Nattey, Cornelius; Atlaw, Daniel; Jackson, Kioko; El-Khatib, Ziad; Eltom, Akram AliThe African continent is home to 15% of the world�s population and suffers from a disease burden of more than 25% globally. In this COVID-19 era, the high burden and mortality are further worsened due to inequities, inequalities such as inadequate health systems, scarce financial and human resources, as well as unavailability of inexpensive medicines of good quality, safety, and efficacy. The Universal Health Coverage ensures that people have access to high-quality essential health services, secure, reliable, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines, as well as financial security. This paper aimed at addressing the critical need for a continental African Medicines Agency (AMA) in addressing the inequities and the role of global health diplomacy in building consensus to support the ratification of the Treaty of AMA. A literature review was done in Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Google Scholar search engine to identify the critical literature in the context of study objectives. All the articles published after 2015 till 2021 in the context of AMA were included. African Health Strategy 2016�2030 highlighted the importance of an African regulatory mechanism for medicines and medical products. Through global health diplomacy (GHD), the African Union and its partners can negotiate and cooperate in providing infrastructural, administrative, and regulatory support for establishing the AMA. The paper emphasizes the South�South cooperation and highlights the contributions of India and China in the supply of medicines and vaccines to Africa. A strong AMA created through GHD can be a vital instrument in utilizing Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) flexibilities extension and an ideal partner for European and other regional regulatory authorities seeking to stem the tide of counterfeit, sub-standard, or fake products. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Item Analyzing GAVI the Vaccine Alliance as a Global Health Partnership Model: A Constructivist Analysis of the Global Health Crisis(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022-09-06T00:00:00) Singh, Sandeep; Bawa, Jagmeet; Singh, Bawa; Singh, Balinder; Bika, Shankar LalThe ongoing debate on the conceptual underpinnings of constructivism and global health partnerships (GHPs) in global health studies has a dimension that deserves closer attention. This paper attempts to draw attention to a few aspects of the debate using Finnemore�s constructivist analysis. According to this study, global actors need to rethink their paradoxical notions of pandemic crisis survival in light of the growing demand for mobilizing diverse global health agents and the necessity of constructing complex GHPs to address challenges of international significance. A global response based on solidarity and multilateralism is the only way to effectively combat this pandemic. Against this backdrop, the article analyses this development through an ideational ontological case study of the GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance. This article contributes to the debate by explaining how the GAVI Alliance fostered global collaboration and can serve as a template for future GHPs. � 2022 Association of Asia Scholars.Item Asia Pivot and the Security Dilemma: Strategic Imperatives for India(International Conference on Law and Political Science, National Law University, Delhi, 2014) Kaushiki, NishthaItem British India in the World Wars: A Historical Analysis of Military Perspective of Punjab(Central University of Punjab, 2018) Singh, Bhupinder; Singh, BawaMilitary history is seen as an under-researched area, though military had been remained important to every country for security and other vested interests from time immemorial. Countries and kingdoms had always been maintained military for protection and security as well as for satisfying their imperialistic designs. It is well known that military played a key role in the making of the British Empire in the Indian subcontinent in which Punjab had played a strategic and pivotal role. Empire to restructure and reArmy and on the other hand, valour and loyalty along with the martial character and good physique shown by the Punjabi people brought new trends in the recruitment of the British Indian Army. Since the recorded history, Punjab had been known for Sword of Arms for India. Later on, it had become the guardians of the British Empire. In this background, the British Raj ended the Bengalisation and started the Punjabization of the British Indian Army. Consequently, Punjab made spectacular progress in network of military cantonment allied with other supporting infrastructure (railways, canals, railway workshops, hospitals, schools), apart from converting it as one of the most important and fertile army recruitment grounds. On the other side, British had started to recruit the Punjabis in the British Indian Army. On the other side, Punjabis had played very pivotal role in sustaining, maintaining and expanding the British Empire in India as well as on the other distant of the world. More importantly, Punjabi Army played very significant role in the World War I & II. monumental and because of this, Punjabi soldiers have been felicitated every year over there. With the opening of World War I, Punjab had supplied approximately 50 percent of the British Indian Army. On the other side, Punjab had contributed substantially in the World War II. In this work, the neglected stories of Punjabi army has been discussed widely. In spite of this, the comparison between Punjab versus other provinces of India has been done for more clearing the picture of . However, the study has some limitations due to the time and space constraints. It, particularly, focuses on the role of Punjab in the British Indian Army. Thus, the proposed research has explored the role of colonial Punjab in the World Wars. Additionally, it also examine the socio-economic impact of the British rule in general and World Wars in particular on the respective region. Hence, the work has brought out the silence stories of Punjabi soldiers on the pages of history.Item British Indian army: Role of Punjab in the World War I(Global Institute for Sikh Studies, 2018) Singh B.; Singh B.The British Indian Army evolved out of the three presidencies of Bengal, Madras and Bombay, which had come under the control of the East India Company in the second-half of the eighteenth century. With the outbreak of the Sepoy mutiny 1857, both the administration and the Indian army were radically restructured. The Punjab's strategic location, the onset of the Great Game, and what was believed to be the martial character of local people played an important role in placing this region in the center of British planning. This paper examines the role of Punjab in providing soldiers as well as generous politico-economic support to the British Empire during the World War I. - 2018 Journal of Sikh and Punjab Studies.All Rights Reserved.Item British Indian Army: Role of Punjab in the World War-I.(University of California, Santa Barbara, 2018) Singh, BawaItem Broadening exchanges and changing institutions: Multiple sites of economic transnationalism(Taylor and Francis, 2014) Irudaya Rajan, S.; Varghese, V.J.[No abstract available]Item Challenges for India's Strategic Manoeuvring in Asia(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2013) Kaushiki, NishthaItem Challenges to India's Energy Security(EPRA Journals, 2013) Kaushiki, NishthaItem Changimng dynamics of strategic relationships between china and Nepal: Theorizing india’s concerns(G.B. Books Publishers and Distributors, 2015) Singh, BawaItem Changing Contours of Balance of Power in AsiaPacific: India’s Paradoxes and Pragmatism(Central University of Punjab, 2018) Thoker, Parvaiz Ahmad; Singh, BawaSince the end of the Cold War, one of the world’s largest regions-the AsiaPacific has undergone significant changes in the pattern of the power balancing equations. The breakup of Soviet Union has left indelible and drastic impacts on the overall strategic scenario of the Asia-Pacific region. The two major powers-China and Russia are coming closer, and on the other hand, the US along with its significant allies sought to maintain its hegemony in the region. However, the US presence is facing stern challenges from the rising China. Therefore, the region has been experiencing the formation of alliances and counter-alliances with the US and China as leading players. Thus a situation of new power equations has been arising in the region whereby different groupings try to contain each other through varied moves and counter moves. During the Cold War, India had been more associated with the Former Soviet Union (FSU). However, in the post-Cold War era, the NAMa lynchpin of Indian foreign policy has been left in the lurch and, thus, a paradigmatic shift was witnessed in India’s overall foreign policy approach in general and AsiaPacific region in particular. No doubt, India possesses multifaceted geostrategic iv interests in the Asia-Pacific region. However, India’s policy goals vis-à-vis AsiaPacific has been facing grave challenges given the recent power shifts in the region. Hence, through this study, a sincere effort has been made to analyse the emerging power balancing equations in Asia-Pacific with the US and China as the main actors. Moreover, this work discusses in detail about how the post-Cold War re-emergence of Russia affects the changing Asia-Pacific regional order. Further, at the end, the study has also attempted to analyse India’s Asia-Pacific policy along with the diverse challenges and potentials vis-à-vis new emerging power dynamics in the region.Item Characterising the Culture of the Mughal Era Chronicles of a Munshi:Review of Rajeev Kinra, Writing Self, Writing Empire: Chandar Bhan Brahman and the Cultural World of the Indo-Persian State Secretary, Delhi: Primus Books (by arrangement with University of California Press, Berkeley)(Sameeksha Trust, 2018) Rathee, VikasWriting Self, Writing Empire by Rajeev Kinra is a biography of Chandar Bhan Brahman, a 17th-century Mughal munshi. (He died in the 1660s, Brahman was his caste and also his takhallus or pen name.) Simultaneously, Writing Self, Writing Empire is also a history of the political and administrative culture of the Mughal empire during Shah Jahan’s reign (1627–58), and a contribution to the literary history of Persian in India. The book is part of a larger trend of writing Mughal and medieval Indo–Islamic history (also referred to as “early modern”) that has focused largely on cultural history of the Indo–Islamic milieu and shown how this was a “cosmopolitan” venture comparable to other similar “early modern” polities in West Asia and Europe (Breckenbridge et al 2002; Lefèvre et al 2015). Theoretically, “cosmopolitan-ism” has been expounded by academic figures based in the West such as Kwame Anthony Appiah. Appiah sees cosmopolitan-ism as “a rejection of the conventional view that every civilized person belonged to a community among communities,” and as “regard[ing] all the peoples of the earth as so many branches of a single family, and the universe as a state” (Appiah2006).1 However, cosmopolitan-ism does not convincingly explain why a humanbeing should feel belonging towards all of humanity more than towards any other community. In fact, is it possible to transcend cultural moorings and become “universal,” and would not any such transcendence not inaugurate yet another cultural formation that would with time become “particular”? The history of all ideologies, for example, Christianity,Islam, Marxism, Democracy or AryaSamaj, suggests so.Item The China factor in Indo- Japan strategic relations(Routledge, 2017) Kaushiki, Nishtha; Ramzan, HilalItem The China factor in Indo-Japan strategic relations(Taylor and Francis, 2016) Kaushiki, N.; Ramzan, H.[No abstract available]Item China in the Indian Ocean: Navigating India’s Challenges and Reciprocation(Central University of Punjab, 2018) Lone, Mansoor Ahmad; Singh, BawaThe Indian Ocean has remained a strategic maritime space since ages, serving as an important link among various regions of the globe regarding trade, social contacts, and cultural exchanges. The region was mostly peaceful during the pre-Vasco da Gama era, but the advent of Europeans set the stage for tough competition characterized by loot, plunder, and even wars. This foul environment kept on thriving and had prevailed till the end of the Second World War. Thereafter, the region appeared in a new refashioned scene where the USA emerged as a sole superpower of the world immediately after the collapse of its rival and competitor-USSR in 1991. The next dramatic turn arrived by the end of 20th century when the two Asian giants China and India, appeared on the global scene with swift growing economies, advancement in scientific knowledge and skilled workforce. With the onset of the 21st century, the IOR witnessed the growing attention of these big powers especially China and the USA along with the regional power India, with increasing competition because of the growing geopolitical and geo-economic significance of the region. Since the economy of these countries became heavily dependent on the energy imports mainly arriving from the Middle East and Africa and carried away through the Sea Lanes of Communications spanning the Indian Ocean from west to east, the security and safe arrival of these imports through the Indian Ocean has been treated as a chief necessity if the economy is to survive, sustain and grow. Further, the regions vast reserves of natural resource wealth both living and non-living further attracted the attention of these countries towards the region. This resulted in the ever-increasing involvement of these powers in the region. China iv having geographical constraints to easily access the Indian Ocean, started to wean India’s neighbours to make its foothold strong in the region while the USA directly joined hands with India to contain China’s expansion in the region. China expedited the process of securing greater cooperation with the littoral nations of the region, secured a goodwill place by employing different tools of maritime strategy like big investments for developing the infrastructure of these countries, increase in trade, political and diplomatic engagements, and military exchanges. China has been developing and operating many ports in the Indian Ocean countries like in Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Maldives, Seychelles, Djibouti, Tanzania, Kenya. It is this increasing involvement of China where India finds herself at odds in some security perspectives. The study is an attempt to analyze the dynamics of Chinese involvement in the IOR, the possible concerns for India and India’s preparedness in response to such moves of China.Item China’s Strategic Forays in the Maldives: India’s Reciprocations(World Focus, 2019) Singh, BawaItem Complementarities in Production and Trade among ASEAN Countries(Research Centre For Social Sciences, India, 2010) Kaur, SandeepThe share of India’s export to WANA (West Asia and North Africa) is 22.5 percent, followed by EU (European Union) 21.2 percent and North America 15.5 Percent, ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) 10.3 percent, South Asia 4.6 percent and Latin America 3.3 percent (Government of India, Economic survey 2010-11). As compared to other blocs (WANA, North America and EU) the share of India’s exports to ASEAN is low. Thus there is need to examine the reasons for low trade of India with ASEAN nations. In the light of this, the present paper has been undertaken to study competitiveness or complementarities in production and trade among India and ASEAN nations and to study the pattern of intra -regional trade of ASEAN nations. There is substantial range of existing complementarities between ASEAN and India. As most of the ASEAN countries are heavily dependent on imported drugs and health care equipments, therefore India could also cooperate with ASEAN in pharmaceutical and health care service sectors. India Shares Sea boundaries with three ASEAN countries namely Indonesia, Myanmar and Thailand. Thus in terms of transport cost, India has benefit to trade with ASEAN. So, India should look at expanding sea transport linkages to promote trade, tourism and other economic activities.Item Conflict and social determinants of health: would global health diplomacy resolve the Afghanistan healthcare conundrum?(Routledge, 2023-06-21T00:00:00) Singh, Bawa; Singh, Sandeep; Kaur, Jaspal; Singh, Kulwinder; Popalzay, Abdul WasiPublic health, conflict/war, Social Determinants of Health (SDHs) and Global Health Diplomacy (GHD) are believed to be strongly interwoven. Afghanistan that is known as the �Graveyard of the Empire� has been passing through a very critical phase given the prolonged civil war during the last couple of decades, wherein the ongoing current situation further pushed the country towards the collapse of the political and economic systems. Thereby, Afghanistan�s healthcare system has been entrapped into the civil war conundrum causing the SDHs to be seriously affected. Conflict in any form, i.e. local, regional, or international, has left black swan impacts on not only the SDHs but also led to health crises given the inaccessibility, unaffordability, and more of lack of the infrastructure, and exodus of trained medical staff and healthcare inequity. In this situation, it is anticipated that GHD could play a significant role in providing equitable healthcare to people at stake. Against this backdrop, the focus of this paper is; how the SDHs have been impacted by the civil conflict and how the public healthcare has been turned into a conundrum; would the GHD resolve the healthcare crisis in the prevailing scenario?. � 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.