Administration - Research Publications
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Item Phenological behaviour of Parthenium hysterophorus in response to climatic variations according to the extended BBCH scale(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017) Kaur, A.; Batish, Daizy R.; Kaur, S.; Singh, H.P.; Kohli, R.K.Considering the importance of ecological and biological traits in imparting invasive success to the alien species, the phenological behaviour of an alien invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus was documented according to the extended BBCH scale in four different seasons. A phenological calendar was prepared using both two- and three- digit coding system, precisely describing the developmental stages of the weed. The phenological documentation is further supplemented with the dates corresponding to a particular growth stage, pictures of the representative growth stages and meteorological data of all the four seasons. Results revealed that the phenology of the weed altered in response to the changing temperature and humidity conditions but no apparent climatic condition could inhibit its germination or flowering. However, the emergence of inflorescence was highly sensitive to the temperature/photoperiodic conditions. Variations in the phenological traits of P. hysterophorus with changing environmental conditions explain the acclimatisation potential of the weed permitting its vast spread in the non-native regions. Since the given phenological illustrations are accurate, unambiguous and coded as per an internationally recognised scale, they could be exploited for agronomic practices, weed management programmes, and research purposes. ? 2017 Association of Applied BiologistsItem Alterations in photosynthetic pigments, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism in a wild plant Coronopus didymus L. (Brassicaceae) under lead stress(Polish Academy of Sciences, 2017) Sidhu, G.P.S.; Singh, H.P.; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.Coronopus didymus has been emerged as a promising wild, unpalatable plant species to alleviate lead (Pb) from the contaminated soils. This work investigated the hypothesis regarding various metabolic adaptations of C. didymus under lead (Pb) stress. In pot experiments, we assessed the effect of Pb at varied concentrations (500?2900?mg?kg?1) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, alteration of macromolecular (protein and carbohydrate) content, and activities of enzymes like protease, ?-and ?-amylase, peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in C. didymus for 6?weeks. Results revealed that Pb exposure enhanced the growth, protein, and carbohydrate level, but decreased the leaf pigment concentration and activities of hydrolytic enzymes. The activities of POX and PPO in roots increased progressively by ~337 and 675%, respectively, over the control, at 2900?mg?kg?1 Pb treatment. Likewise, contemporaneous findings were noticed in shoots of C. didymus, strongly indicating its inherent potential to cope Pb-induced stress. Furthermore, the altered plant biochemical status and upregulated metabolic activities of POX and PPO indulged in polyphenol peroxidation elucidate their role in allocating protection and conferring resistance against Pb instigated stress. The current work suggests that stress induced by Pb in C. didymus stimulated the POX and PPO activities which impart a decisive role in detoxification of peaked Pb levels, perhaps, by forming physical barrier or lignifications. ? 2017, Franciszek G?rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, KrakItem Phytoremediation of lead by a wild, non-edible Pb accumulator Coronopus didymus (L.) Brassicaceae(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2018) Sidhu, Gagan Preet Singh; Bali, Aditi Shreeya; Singh, Harminder Pal; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.Coronopus didymus was examined in terms of its ability to remediate Pb-contaminated soils. Pot experiments were conducted for 4 and 6?weeks to compare the growth, biomass, photosynthetic efficiency, lead (Pb) uptake, and accumulation by C. didymus plants. The plants grew well having no visible toxic symptoms and 100% survivability, exposed to different Pb-spiked soils 100, 350, 1500, and 2500?mg kg?1, supplied as lead nitrate. After 4?weeks, root and shoot concentrations reached 1652 and 502?mg Pb kg?1 DW, while after 6?weeks they increased up to 3091 and 527?mg Pb kg?1 DW, respectively, at highest Pb concentration. As compared to the 4?week experiments, the plant growth and biomass yield were higher after 6?weeks of Pb exposure. However, the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased but only a slight decline in photosynthetic efficiency was observed on exposure to Pb at both 4 and 6?weeks. The Pb accumulation was higher in roots than in the shoots. The bioconcentration factor of Pb was > 1 in all the plant samples, but the translocation factor was < 1. This suggested C. didymus as a good candidate for phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soils and can be used for future remediation purposes. ? 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item Allelopathic Potential of the Essential Oil of Wild Marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) Against Some Invasive Weeds(The Science Publisher, 2015) Arora, Komal; Batish, Daizy R.; Singh, Harminder Pal; Kohli, R.K.Tagetes minuta is an aromatic plant native to Tropical America. It exhibits wide range of biological activity against insects, nematodes, microbes including medicinal properties. It also creates nuisance for agricultural land. This may be attributed to its allelopathic properties. Therefore, the present study investigated the allelopathic potential of volatile oil of T. minuta on other invasive weeds - Chenopodium murale L., Phalaris minor Retz. and Amaranthus viridis L. It was observed that the volatile oil of T. minuta significantly reduced the germination, growth, chlorophyll content and respiratory ability of recipient weeds in a dose dependent manner. Mitotic studies revealed a complete arrest of mitotic activity in cells of treated root tips of Allium cepa with various aberrations like distorted, trinucleolated and binucleated cells. Thus, it can be concluded that the volatile oil of T. minuta shows allelopathic potential on other plants and this property could be further explored for weed management.Item Allelopathic potential of needle litter extracts of Pinus roxburghii on germination and early growth of Zea mays and Echinochloa crus-galli(Indian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR), 2016) Sharma, Neel Kanta; Batish, Daizy R.; Singh, Harminder Pal; Kohli, R.K.The needle litter of Pinus roxburghii, a common conifer of Himalayan region was investigated for allelopathic potential against crop plant Zea mays and weed Echinochloa crus-galli. The aqueous extracts from litter enhanced the growth of Z. mays slightly at lower concentrations but showed inhibitory effect at higher concentrations. However, the effect on E. crus- galli was inhibitory at all the concentrations. Overall, the effect on the weed species was more pronounced as compared to the crop species. The findings suggest that the litter of P. roxburghii possesses allelopathic potential and can serve as an important bioresource for management of weeds by utilizing the principles of allelopathy. However, further detailed field studies are needed.Item Allelopathic effect of Pinus roxburghii on an understorey plant, Bidens pilosa(AdhyaBiosciences, 2016) Sharma, Neel Kanta; Batish, Daizy R.; Singh, Harminder Pal; Kohli, R.K.Allelopathic effect of Pinus roxburghii was studied on Bidens pilosa through laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The aqueous extracts of green needles, needle litter and bark were found to inhibit germination and initial growth of B. pilosa in laboratory bioassays. The inhibitory effect on germination root length, shoot length and biomass was also observed on amendment of powdered needle litter in soil in greenhouse pots. The inhibitory effect increased with increase in conc. of extracts or amount of litter amended. The amended soil was found to be rich in phenolics, the known potent allelochemics. The study indicates that such interactions may also be operational in forests of P. roxburghii.Item Allelopathic Effect of Leaves of Invasive tree Broussonetia papyrifera against some crop plants(AdhyaBiosciences, 2016) Negi, Anjana; Batish, Daizy R.; Singh, Harminder Pal; Kohli, R.K.Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. was studied on germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum L. and Oryza sativa L. under laboratory conditions. The seed germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight and total chlorophyll content were reduced with the increasing treatment of concentration (0.5, 1, 2 and 4%) of B. papyrifera leaf extract as compared to the control. The inhibitory effect was more pronounced on the root length than on coleoptile length. The extracts were rich in phenolic compounds, which are the ubiquitous allelochemicals and often implicated in allelopathy. The study concludes that B. papyrifera exhibits allelopathy through the release of phenolics from its leaves.Item EMF radiations (1800 MHz)-inhibited early seedling growth of maize (Zea mays) involves alterations in starch and sucrose metabolism(Springer, 2016) Kumar, Arvind; Singh, Harminder Pal; Batish, Daizy R.; Kaur, Shalinder; Kohli, R.K.The present study investigated the impact of 1800-MHz electromagnetic field radiations (EMF-r), widely used in mobile communication, on the growth and activity of starch-, sucrose-, and phosphate-hydrolyzing enzymes in Zea mays seedlings. We exposed Z. mays to modulated continuous wave homogenous EMF-r at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.69±0.0 × 10−1 W kg−1 for ½, 1, 2, and 4 h. The analysis of seedlings after 7 days revealed that short-term exposure did not induce any significant change, while longer exposure of 4 h caused significant growth and biochemical alterations. There was a reduction in the root and coleoptile length with more pronounced effect on coleoptile growth (23 % reduction on 4-h exposure). The contents of photosynthetic pigments and total carbohydrates declined by 13 and 18 %, respectively, in 4-h exposure treatments compared to unexposed control. The activity of starch-hydrolyzing enzymes—α- and β-amylases—increased by ∼92 and 94 %, respectively, at an exposure duration of 4 h, over that in the control. In response to 4-h exposure treatment, the activity of sucrolytic enzymes—acid invertases and alkaline invertases—was increased by 88 and 266 %, whereas the specific activities of phosphohydrolytic enzymes (acid phosphatases and alkaline phosphatases) showed initial increase up to ≤2 h duration and then declined at >2 h exposure duration. The study concludes that EMF-r-inhibited seedling growth of Z. mays involves interference with starch and sucrose metabolism.Item Effect of lead on oxidative status, antioxidative response and metal accumulation in Coronopus didymus(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2016) Sidhu, Gagan Preet Singh; Singh, Harminder Pal; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.A screenhouse experiment was conducted to assay the effect of Lead (Pb) on oxidative status, antioxidative response and metal accumulation in Coronopus didymus after 6 weeks. Results revealed a good Pb tolerance and accumulation potential of C. didymus towards the increasing Pb concentrations (500, 900, 1800, 2900 mg kg-1) in soil. The content of Pb in roots and shoots elevated with higher Pb levels and reached a maximum of 3684.3 mg kg-1 and 862.8 mg kg-1 Pb dry weight, respectively, at 2900 mg kg-1 treatment. Pb exposure stimulated electrolyte leakage, H2O2 level, MDA content and the activities of antioxidant machinery (SOD, CAT, APX, GPX and GR). However, at the highest Pb concentration, the activities of SOD and CAT declined. The H2O2 level and MDA content in roots increased significantly up to ~500% and 213%, respectively, over the control, at 2900 mg kg-1 Pb treatment. Likewise, concurrent findings were noticed in shoots of C. didymus, with the increasing Pb concentration. The present work suggests that C. didymus exhibited a good accumulation potential for Pb and can tolerate Pb-induced oxidative stress by an effective antioxidant defense mechanism. ? 2016.Item Comparative account of allelopathic potential of essential oil of Tagetes minuta L. and its major component cis-β-Ocimene(AdhyaBiosciences, 2016) Arora, Komal; Batish, Daizy R.; Singh, Harminder Pal; Kohli, R.K.The study aims to explore the chemical composition of volatile essential oil of Tagetes minuta and comparison of its allelopathic potential with cis-β-ocimene, a major component of oil. T. minuta L. is an exotic aromatic plant found growing in northern plains and western Himalayas in India. The water distilled essential oil from aerial parts of T. minuta (at flowering stage) was analyzed by GC-MS. The analysis revealed 27 compounds representing 95.73% of the oil. cis-b-Ocimene (44.56%), dihydrotagetone (28.52%), limonene (3.99%) and tagetone (7.42%) were its major compounds. A comparison of allelopathic effect of cis-b-ocimene was made with T. minuta oil using Cassia occidentalis L., a common wasteland weed, as test plant. Laboratory study included growth studies in the form of germination, seedling length and dry weight of test plant under both treatments i.e. T. minuta oil and cis-b-ocimene. The inhibitory effect of ocimene was more significant as compared to oil. However, highest concentration (20µg/cc) of both treatments was found to be inhibitory with