Administration - Research Publications
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Item Exogenous nitric oxide (NO) interferes with lead (pb)-induced toxicity by detoxifying reactive oxygen species in hydroponically grown wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots,(PLOS ONE, 2015) Kaur, Gurpreet; Singh, Harminder Pal; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.; Rishi, ValbhaNitric Oxide (NO) is a bioactive signaling molecule that mediates a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the role of NO (as SNP [sodium nitroprusside]) in ameliorating lead (Pb)-toxicity in Triticum aestivum (wheat) roots. Pb (50 and 250 ?M) alone and in combination with SNP (100 ?M) was given to hydroponically grown wheat roots for a period of 0�8 h. NO supplementation reduced the accumulation of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, hydroxyl ions and superoxide anion) and decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity in wheat roots particularly up to 6 h, thereby suggesting its role as an antioxidant. NO ameliorated Pb-induced membrane damage in wheat roots as evidenced by decreased ion-leakage and in situ histochemical localization. Pb-exposure significantly decreased in vivo NO level. The study concludes that exogenous NO partially ameliorates Pb-toxicity, but could not restore the plant growth on prolonged Pb-exposure.Item Allelopathic potential of essential oil of wild marigold (Tagetes minuta L) against some invasive weeds(Open Academic Journals Index, 2015) Arora,Komal; Batish, Daizy R.; Singh,Harminder Pal; Kohli, R.K.Tagetes minuta is an aromatic plant native to Tropical America. It exhibits wide range of biological activity against insects, nematodes, microbes including medicinal properties. It also creates nuisance for agricultural land. This may be attributed to its allelopathic properties. Therefore, the present study investigated the allelopathic potential of volatile oil of T. minuta on other invasive weeds - Chenopodium murale L., Phalaris minor Retz. and Amaranthus viridis L. It was observed that the volatile oil of T. minuta significantly reduced the germination, growth, chlorophyll content and respiratory ability of recipient weeds in a dose dependent manner. Mitotic studies revealed a complete arrest of mitotic activity in cells of treated root tips of Allium cepa with various aberrations like distorted, trinucleolated and binucleated cells. Thus, it can be concluded that the volatile oil of T. minuta shows allelopathic potential on other plants and this property could be further explored for weed management.Item Retraction notice to "Bioaccumulation and physiological responses to lead (Pb) in Chenopodium murale L."[YEESA(2018)83-90](Academic Press, 2018) Sidhu, G.P.S.; Bali, A.S.; Bhardwaj, R.; Singh, H.P.; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.Available online This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Author Gagan Preet Singh. The corresponding author Gagan Preet Singh acknowledged Ravinder Kumar Kohli as one of the co-authors, whereas RK Kohli reported that he is neither the author nor part of the communication of this paper.Item Phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity of Citrus aurantiifolia essential oil and its major constituents: Limonene and citral(Elsevier B.V., 2017) Fagodia, S.K.; Singh, H.P.; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.The essential oils are fast emerging as the source of natural herbicides owing to their environmentally benign properties. The focus of the present study, thus, was to investigate the phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity of Citrus aurantiifolia oil, and its major constituents-citral and limonene. C. aurantiifolia oil was selected due to its extreme commercialisation and safe nature. GC?MS analysis revealed that C. aurantiifolia oil is rich in monoterpenes (83.93%), with limonene (40.92%) and citral (27.46%) as the major compounds. Phytotoxicity was assessed against three agricultural weeds, Avena fatua, Echinochloa crus-galli and Phalaris minor, at concentration ranging from 0.10?1.50?mg/ml. Percent germination, IC50 value and seedling growth (root and coleoptile length) were significantly reduced in a dose-response manner. C. aurantiifolia oil, citral and limonene caused alteration in the cell cycle of Allium cepa root meristematic cells as evidenced by decrease in mitotic index (MI) and increase in chromosomal aberrations at progressive concentrations (0.01?0.10?mg/ml) and time periods (3?h and 24?h). Cytotoxic evaluation confirmed mitodepressive effect of the tested volatiles though the intensity was variable. Overall, citral was the most toxic followed by C. aurantiifolia oil and limonene. The significant phytotoxic activity of C. aurantiifolia oil and citral suggests the possibility of being developed into eco-friendly and acceptable products for weed management in agriculture system. ? 2017 Elsevier B.V.Item Phenological behaviour of Parthenium hysterophorus in response to climatic variations according to the extended BBCH scale(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017) Kaur, A.; Batish, Daizy R.; Kaur, S.; Singh, H.P.; Kohli, R.K.Considering the importance of ecological and biological traits in imparting invasive success to the alien species, the phenological behaviour of an alien invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus was documented according to the extended BBCH scale in four different seasons. A phenological calendar was prepared using both two- and three- digit coding system, precisely describing the developmental stages of the weed. The phenological documentation is further supplemented with the dates corresponding to a particular growth stage, pictures of the representative growth stages and meteorological data of all the four seasons. Results revealed that the phenology of the weed altered in response to the changing temperature and humidity conditions but no apparent climatic condition could inhibit its germination or flowering. However, the emergence of inflorescence was highly sensitive to the temperature/photoperiodic conditions. Variations in the phenological traits of P. hysterophorus with changing environmental conditions explain the acclimatisation potential of the weed permitting its vast spread in the non-native regions. Since the given phenological illustrations are accurate, unambiguous and coded as per an internationally recognised scale, they could be exploited for agronomic practices, weed management programmes, and research purposes. ? 2017 Association of Applied BiologistsItem Ethylenediamine disuccinic acid enhanced phytoextraction of nickel from contaminated soils using Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm.(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Sidhu, G.P.S.; Bali, A.S.; Singh, H.P.; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.In a screenhouse, the applicability of biodegradable chelant ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) to enhance Ni-phytoextraction by Coronopus didymus was tested for the first time. This study assayed the hypothesis based upon the role of EDDS on physiological and biochemical alterations and ameliorating phytoextraction capacity of C. didymus under nickel (Ni) stress. Pot experiments were conducted for 6 weeks and C. didymus plants were cultivated in soil artificially contaminated with 30, 50, and 70 mg kg?1 Ni treatments. Soil was amended with EDDS (2 mmol kg?1). Plants were harvested, 1 week after EDDS application. At 70 mg kg?1 Ni level, EDDS application dramatically enhanced the root and shoot Ni concentration from 665 and 644 to 1339 and 1338 mg kg?1, respectively. Combination of Ni + EDDS induced alterations in biochemical parameters of plants. EDDS addition posed pessimistic effects on growth, biomass, photosynthetic activity and protein content of the plants. Besides, application of EDDS stimulated the generation of superoxide anion, H2O2 content and MDA level. However, EDDS assisted mount in antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) considerably neutralised the toxicity induced by reactive oxygen species in plant tissues. The results revealed EDDS efficacy to ameliorate the performance of antioxidant enzymes and improved Ni translocation in plant tissues, thus strongly marked its affinity to be used together with C. didymus for Ni-phytoextraction. ? 2018 Elsevier LtdItem Alterations in photosynthetic pigments, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism in a wild plant Coronopus didymus L. (Brassicaceae) under lead stress(Polish Academy of Sciences, 2017) Sidhu, G.P.S.; Singh, H.P.; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.Coronopus didymus has been emerged as a promising wild, unpalatable plant species to alleviate lead (Pb) from the contaminated soils. This work investigated the hypothesis regarding various metabolic adaptations of C. didymus under lead (Pb) stress. In pot experiments, we assessed the effect of Pb at varied concentrations (500?2900?mg?kg?1) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, alteration of macromolecular (protein and carbohydrate) content, and activities of enzymes like protease, ?-and ?-amylase, peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in C. didymus for 6?weeks. Results revealed that Pb exposure enhanced the growth, protein, and carbohydrate level, but decreased the leaf pigment concentration and activities of hydrolytic enzymes. The activities of POX and PPO in roots increased progressively by ~337 and 675%, respectively, over the control, at 2900?mg?kg?1 Pb treatment. Likewise, contemporaneous findings were noticed in shoots of C. didymus, strongly indicating its inherent potential to cope Pb-induced stress. Furthermore, the altered plant biochemical status and upregulated metabolic activities of POX and PPO indulged in polyphenol peroxidation elucidate their role in allocating protection and conferring resistance against Pb instigated stress. The current work suggests that stress induced by Pb in C. didymus stimulated the POX and PPO activities which impart a decisive role in detoxification of peaked Pb levels, perhaps, by forming physical barrier or lignifications. ? 2017, Franciszek G?rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, KrakItem Phytoremediation of lead by a wild, non-edible Pb accumulator Coronopus didymus (L.) Brassicaceae(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2018) Sidhu, Gagan Preet Singh; Bali, Aditi Shreeya; Singh, Harminder Pal; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.Coronopus didymus was examined in terms of its ability to remediate Pb-contaminated soils. Pot experiments were conducted for 4 and 6?weeks to compare the growth, biomass, photosynthetic efficiency, lead (Pb) uptake, and accumulation by C. didymus plants. The plants grew well having no visible toxic symptoms and 100% survivability, exposed to different Pb-spiked soils 100, 350, 1500, and 2500?mg kg?1, supplied as lead nitrate. After 4?weeks, root and shoot concentrations reached 1652 and 502?mg Pb kg?1 DW, while after 6?weeks they increased up to 3091 and 527?mg Pb kg?1 DW, respectively, at highest Pb concentration. As compared to the 4?week experiments, the plant growth and biomass yield were higher after 6?weeks of Pb exposure. However, the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased but only a slight decline in photosynthetic efficiency was observed on exposure to Pb at both 4 and 6?weeks. The Pb accumulation was higher in roots than in the shoots. The bioconcentration factor of Pb was > 1 in all the plant samples, but the translocation factor was < 1. This suggested C. didymus as a good candidate for phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soils and can be used for future remediation purposes. ? 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item Allelopathic Potential of the Essential Oil of Wild Marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) Against Some Invasive Weeds(The Science Publisher, 2015) Arora, Komal; Batish, Daizy R.; Singh, Harminder Pal; Kohli, R.K.Tagetes minuta is an aromatic plant native to Tropical America. It exhibits wide range of biological activity against insects, nematodes, microbes including medicinal properties. It also creates nuisance for agricultural land. This may be attributed to its allelopathic properties. Therefore, the present study investigated the allelopathic potential of volatile oil of T. minuta on other invasive weeds - Chenopodium murale L., Phalaris minor Retz. and Amaranthus viridis L. It was observed that the volatile oil of T. minuta significantly reduced the germination, growth, chlorophyll content and respiratory ability of recipient weeds in a dose dependent manner. Mitotic studies revealed a complete arrest of mitotic activity in cells of treated root tips of Allium cepa with various aberrations like distorted, trinucleolated and binucleated cells. Thus, it can be concluded that the volatile oil of T. minuta shows allelopathic potential on other plants and this property could be further explored for weed management.Item Allelopathic potential of needle litter extracts of Pinus roxburghii on germination and early growth of Zea mays and Echinochloa crus-galli(Indian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR), 2016) Sharma, Neel Kanta; Batish, Daizy R.; Singh, Harminder Pal; Kohli, R.K.The needle litter of Pinus roxburghii, a common conifer of Himalayan region was investigated for allelopathic potential against crop plant Zea mays and weed Echinochloa crus-galli. The aqueous extracts from litter enhanced the growth of Z. mays slightly at lower concentrations but showed inhibitory effect at higher concentrations. However, the effect on E. crus- galli was inhibitory at all the concentrations. Overall, the effect on the weed species was more pronounced as compared to the crop species. The findings suggest that the litter of P. roxburghii possesses allelopathic potential and can serve as an important bioresource for management of weeds by utilizing the principles of allelopathy. However, further detailed field studies are needed.