Administration - Research Publications
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Item β-Pinene moderates Cr(VI) phytotoxicity by quenching reactive oxygen species and altering antioxidant machinery in maize(Springer, 2019) Mahajan, P; Singh, H.P; Kaur, S; Batish, D.R; Kohli, R.K.We examined the possible role of monoterpene β-pinene in providing protection against Cr(VI) toxicity in maize (Zea mays). Treatment with β-pinene (10 μM) significantly alleviated Cr(VI) accumulation and recuperated Cr(VI) caused decline in root and coleoptile growth in maize. β-Pinene addition caused a decline in Cr(VI)-induced accumulation of superoxide anion, hydroxyl ion, hydrogen peroxide and confirmed by in-situ detection of ROS using histochemical localization. It suggested that the β-pinene quenches/neutralizes enhanced ROS generated under Cr(VI) exposure. β-Pinene also reduced Cr(VI)-induced electrolyte leakage, thereby suggesting its role in membrane stabilization. Further, β-pinene regulated the activity of scavenging enzymes, thereby suggesting a role in modulating Cr(VI)-induced oxidative damage. In conclusion, our results suggest that the addition of β-pinene has a protective role against Cr(VI) stress and provides resistance to maize against Cr(VI) toxicity. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item Appraisal of immediate and late effects of mobile phone radiations at 2100 MHz on mitotic activity and DNA integrity in root meristems of Allium cepa(Springer, 2019) Chandel, S; Kaur, S; Issa, M; Singh, H.P; Batish, D.R; Kohli, R.K.The present study evaluated the potential of 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiations to act as cytotoxic and genotoxic agent. Fresh onion (Allium cepa L.) roots were exposed to electromagnetic field radiations (EMF-r) for different durations (1 h and 4 h) and evaluated for mitotic index (MI), phase index, chromosomal aberrations, and DNA damage. DNA damage was investigated with the help of the comet assay by assessing various parameters like % head DNA (HDNA), % tail DNA (TDNA), tail moment (TM), and olive tail moment (OTM). Effects of EMF-r exposure were also compared with that of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; 90 μM), which acted as a positive control. The post-exposure effects of EMF-r after providing the test plants with an acclimatization period of 24 h were also evaluated. Compared to the control, a significant increase in the MI and aberration percentage was recorded upon 4 h of exposure. However, no specific trend of phase index in response to exposure was detected. EMF-r exposure incited DNA damage with a significant decrease in HDNA accompanied by an increase in TDNA upon exposure of 4 h. However, TM and OTM did not change significantly upon exposure as compared to that of control. Analysis of the post-exposure effects of EMF-r did not show any significant change/recovery. Our data, thus, suggest the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic nature of 2100 MHz EMF-r. Our study bears great significance in view of the swiftly emergent EMF-r in the surrounding environment and their potential for inciting aberrations at the chromosomal level, thus posing a genetic hazard. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.Item Exposure to mobile phone radiations at 2350 MHz incites cyto- and genotoxic effects in root meristems of Allium cepa(BioMed Central Ltd., 2019) Chandel, S; Kaur, S; Issa, M; Singh, H.P; Batish, D.R; Kohli, R.K.Background: The exponential increase of electromagnetic field radiations (EMF-r) in the natural environment has raked up the controversies regarding their biological effects. Concern regarding the putative capacity of EMF-r to affect living beings has been growing due to the ongoing elevation in the use of high frequency EMF-r in communication systems, e.g. Mobile phones. Methods: In the present study, we tried to examine the cyto- and genotoxic potential of mobile phone EMF-r at 2350 MHz using onions (Allium cepa L.). Fresh adventitious onion roots were exposed to continuous EMF-r at 2350 MHz for different time periods (1 h, 2 h and 4 h). The evaluation of cytotoxicity was done in terms of mitotic index (MI), phase index and chromosomal aberrations. Genotoxicity was investigated employing comet assay in terms of changes in % HDNA (head DNA) and % TDNA (tail DNA), TM (tail moment) and OTM (olive tail moment). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and mean values were separated using post hoc Tukey's test. Results: The results manifested a significant increase of MI and chromosomal aberrations (%) upon 4 h, and ≥ 2 h of exposure, respectively, as compared to the control. No specific changes in phase index in response to EMF-r exposure were observed. The % HDNA and % TDNA values exhibited significant changes in contrast to that of control upon 2 h and 4 h of exposure, respectively. However, TM and OTM did not change significantly. Conclusions: Our results infer that continuous exposures of radiofrequency EMF-r (2350 MHz) for long durations have a potential of inciting cyto- and genotoxic effects in onion root meristems. © 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Chemical profiling, cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity of foliar volatiles of Hyptis suaveolens(Academic Press, 2019) Sharma, A; Singh, H.P; Batish, D.R; Kohli, R.K.In the present study, the essential oil (EO) of Hyptis suaveolens has been explored for the first time for its phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities. The phytotoxic activity was assessed against rice (Oryza sativa) and its major troublesome weed, Echinochloa crus-galli, under laboratory and screenhouse conditions. GC-MS analysis revealed EO to be monoterpenoid (~ 79% monoterpenes) in nature with α-phellandrene (22.8%), α-pinene (10.1%) and limonene (8.5%) as the major chemical constituents. The laboratory bioassay showed a complete growth inhibitory effect of EO (≥ 2 mg mL −1 ) towards the germination and seedling growth of E. crus-galli. However, the inhibitory effect on rice was much less (~40% inhibition). EO caused visible injury, reduction in chlorophyll content, cell viability and ultimately led to complete wilting of E. crus-galli plants. In addition, EO altered the cell division in the meristematic cells of Allium cepa as depicted by ~63% decrease in mitotic index. EO exposure induced several aberrations at chromosomal (c-mitosis, anaphase bridges, chromosomal breakage, vagrant chromosomes, and sticky chromosomes) and cytological level (cytoplasm destruction, peripheral nuclei, and bi-nucleate cells). The present study concludes that H. suaveolens EO possesses phytotoxic activity due to its mito-depressive activity, and could serve as a natural herbicide under sustainable agricultural practices. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.Item Nitric oxide induced modulations in adventitious root growth, lignin content and lignin synthesizing enzymes in the hypocotyls of Vigna radiata(Elsevier, 2019) Sharma, S; Singh, H.P; Batish, D.R; Kohli, R.K.The present study evaluated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in mediating adventitious root (AR) growth, lignification and related enzymatic changes in the hypocotyls of Vigna radiata. To meet the objectives, the changes in AR growth, lignin content, and the activities of enzymes−peroxidases, polyphenol oxidases, and phenylalanine ammonia lyases− with NO donor and its scavenger were monitored. Hypocotyls were cultivated in aqueous solution supplemented with different concentrations of SNP (sodium nitroprusside, NO donor compound) and its scavenging compound (2,4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide; cPTIO). Specifically, at low concentrations, SNP induced AR growth, increased the total lignin content and altered the activities of related oxidoreductases- peroxidases, polyphenol oxidases and phenylalanine ammonia lyases- which are involved in lignin biosynthesis pathway. At higher concentrations, a decline in AR growth and lignification was noticed. We analysed the function of NO in AR formation by depleting the endogenous NO using scavenging compound cPTIO. Hypocotyls grown in a medium supplemented with scavenger cPTIO exhibited significant decline in AR growth and the activities of lignin synthesizing enzymes. Application of NO scavenger showed that stimulatory properties on root lignification may be owing to NO itself. In addition, changes in AR growth were significantly correlated with these modified biochemical activities. Our analysis revealed that NO supplementation induces prominent alterations in lignin level during AR formation and this might be due to an alteration in the activity of lignin biosynthetic enzymes, which further affected the polymerization of monolignols and AR growth. © 2019 Elsevier Masson SASItem 24-Epibrassinolide pre-treatment reduces alkaline-induced oxidative stress in red rice seedlings(Springer, 2019) Sharma, M; Mahajan, P; Singh, H.P; Batish, D.R; Kohli, R.K.Soil alkalinity caused by salts, such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), and the frequently associated waterlogging problems are pervasive in agriculture and have a deleterious impact on crop production. However, various plant growth regulators, including brassinosteroids, are considered to be important against different abiotic stresses experienced by plants due to drought, salinity, and heavy metal stress. We investigated the putative role of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL), an active brassinosteroid, on red rice plants experiencing alkaline stress. Seedlings were pre-treated with 0.01 μM EBL for 30 min and later, exposed to NaHCO3 (25 mM) and were sampled, 5 days after treatments. Results showed that the pre-treatment of seedlings with EBL under non-stress conditions could promote rice plant growth. Growth parameters including dry weight (DW), root and coleoptile lengths were reduced under alkaline stress, whereas EBL application reduced the level of inhibition, as compared with NaHCO3 treatment. Enhanced levels of malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide radicals were significantly diminished by EBL pre-treatment. Moreover, pre-treatment of EBL to alkaline-treated rice seedlings largely stimulated the enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Thus, the results suggest that pre-application of EBL significantly ameliorates alkaline stress in rice. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item Phenological behaviour of Parthenium hysterophorus in response to climatic variations according to the extended BBCH scale(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017) Kaur, A.; Batish, Daizy R.; Kaur, S.; Singh, H.P.; Kohli, R.K.Considering the importance of ecological and biological traits in imparting invasive success to the alien species, the phenological behaviour of an alien invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus was documented according to the extended BBCH scale in four different seasons. A phenological calendar was prepared using both two- and three- digit coding system, precisely describing the developmental stages of the weed. The phenological documentation is further supplemented with the dates corresponding to a particular growth stage, pictures of the representative growth stages and meteorological data of all the four seasons. Results revealed that the phenology of the weed altered in response to the changing temperature and humidity conditions but no apparent climatic condition could inhibit its germination or flowering. However, the emergence of inflorescence was highly sensitive to the temperature/photoperiodic conditions. Variations in the phenological traits of P. hysterophorus with changing environmental conditions explain the acclimatisation potential of the weed permitting its vast spread in the non-native regions. Since the given phenological illustrations are accurate, unambiguous and coded as per an internationally recognised scale, they could be exploited for agronomic practices, weed management programmes, and research purposes. ? 2017 Association of Applied BiologistsItem Climate change and biodiversity: Analysis of the policy framework(IOS Press, 2014) Gupta, H.; Kohli, R.K.; Ahluwalia, A.S.; Pal, P.ASEAN countries are highly vulnerable to climate change and loss of biodiversity as a large proportion of their population is concentrated along coastlines, and heavily reliant on agriculture, natural resources and forestry for livelihoods. Seven of the ten countries have ratied both the UNFCCC and CBD, but they have been slow in taking up individual stands at CoP meetings. Three ASEAN countries are megabiodiverse. ASEAN countries were quick in framing and implementing domestic policies on conservation and climate change. One reason for this is that they preferred to go along with the G-77/China group during the negotiations. However, they have been more willing to take collective positions in CBD than in UNFCCC. ASEAN is pursuing a broad-based approach in taking voluntary mitigation and adaptation measuresItem Alterations in photosynthetic pigments, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism in a wild plant Coronopus didymus L. (Brassicaceae) under lead stress(Polish Academy of Sciences, 2017) Sidhu, G.P.S.; Singh, H.P.; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.Coronopus didymus has been emerged as a promising wild, unpalatable plant species to alleviate lead (Pb) from the contaminated soils. This work investigated the hypothesis regarding various metabolic adaptations of C. didymus under lead (Pb) stress. In pot experiments, we assessed the effect of Pb at varied concentrations (500?2900?mg?kg?1) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, alteration of macromolecular (protein and carbohydrate) content, and activities of enzymes like protease, ?-and ?-amylase, peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in C. didymus for 6?weeks. Results revealed that Pb exposure enhanced the growth, protein, and carbohydrate level, but decreased the leaf pigment concentration and activities of hydrolytic enzymes. The activities of POX and PPO in roots increased progressively by ~337 and 675%, respectively, over the control, at 2900?mg?kg?1 Pb treatment. Likewise, contemporaneous findings were noticed in shoots of C. didymus, strongly indicating its inherent potential to cope Pb-induced stress. Furthermore, the altered plant biochemical status and upregulated metabolic activities of POX and PPO indulged in polyphenol peroxidation elucidate their role in allocating protection and conferring resistance against Pb instigated stress. The current work suggests that stress induced by Pb in C. didymus stimulated the POX and PPO activities which impart a decisive role in detoxification of peaked Pb levels, perhaps, by forming physical barrier or lignifications. ? 2017, Franciszek G?rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, KrakItem Phytoremediation of lead by a wild, non-edible Pb accumulator Coronopus didymus (L.) Brassicaceae(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2018) Sidhu, Gagan Preet Singh; Bali, Aditi Shreeya; Singh, Harminder Pal; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.Coronopus didymus was examined in terms of its ability to remediate Pb-contaminated soils. Pot experiments were conducted for 4 and 6?weeks to compare the growth, biomass, photosynthetic efficiency, lead (Pb) uptake, and accumulation by C. didymus plants. The plants grew well having no visible toxic symptoms and 100% survivability, exposed to different Pb-spiked soils 100, 350, 1500, and 2500?mg kg?1, supplied as lead nitrate. After 4?weeks, root and shoot concentrations reached 1652 and 502?mg Pb kg?1 DW, while after 6?weeks they increased up to 3091 and 527?mg Pb kg?1 DW, respectively, at highest Pb concentration. As compared to the 4?week experiments, the plant growth and biomass yield were higher after 6?weeks of Pb exposure. However, the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased but only a slight decline in photosynthetic efficiency was observed on exposure to Pb at both 4 and 6?weeks. The Pb accumulation was higher in roots than in the shoots. The bioconcentration factor of Pb was > 1 in all the plant samples, but the translocation factor was < 1. This suggested C. didymus as a good candidate for phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soils and can be used for future remediation purposes. ? 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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