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Subject: search.filters.subject.Oxidative damage

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    ?-Pinene moderates Cr(VI) phytotoxicity by quenching reactive oxygen species and altering antioxidant machinery in maize
    (Springer Verlag, 2019) Mahajan P.; Singh H.P.; Kaur S.; Batish D.R.; Kohli R.K.
    We examined the possible role of monoterpene ?-pinene in providing protection against Cr(VI) toxicity in maize (Zea mays). Treatment with β-pinene (10 μM) significantly alleviated Cr(VI) accumulation and recuperated Cr(VI) caused decline in root and coleoptile growth in maize. ?-Pinene addition caused a decline in Cr(VI)-induced accumulation of superoxide anion, hydroxyl ion, hydrogen peroxide and confirmed by in-situ detection of ROS using histochemical localization. It suggested that the ?-pinene quenches/neutralizes enhanced ROS generated under Cr(VI) exposure. ?-Pinene also reduced Cr(VI)-induced electrolyte leakage, thereby suggesting its role in membrane stabilization. Further, ?-pinene regulated the activity of scavenging enzymes, thereby suggesting a role in modulating Cr(VI)-induced oxidative damage. In conclusion, our results suggest that the addition of ?-pinene has a protective role against Cr(VI) stress and provides resistance to maize against Cr(VI) toxicity.
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    β-Pinene moderates Cr(VI) phytotoxicity by quenching reactive oxygen species and altering antioxidant machinery in maize
    (Springer, 2019) Mahajan, P; Singh, H.P; Kaur, S; Batish, D.R; Kohli, R.K.
    We examined the possible role of monoterpene β-pinene in providing protection against Cr(VI) toxicity in maize (Zea mays). Treatment with β-pinene (10 μM) significantly alleviated Cr(VI) accumulation and recuperated Cr(VI) caused decline in root and coleoptile growth in maize. β-Pinene addition caused a decline in Cr(VI)-induced accumulation of superoxide anion, hydroxyl ion, hydrogen peroxide and confirmed by in-situ detection of ROS using histochemical localization. It suggested that the β-pinene quenches/neutralizes enhanced ROS generated under Cr(VI) exposure. β-Pinene also reduced Cr(VI)-induced electrolyte leakage, thereby suggesting its role in membrane stabilization. Further, β-pinene regulated the activity of scavenging enzymes, thereby suggesting a role in modulating Cr(VI)-induced oxidative damage. In conclusion, our results suggest that the addition of β-pinene has a protective role against Cr(VI) stress and provides resistance to maize against Cr(VI) toxicity. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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    Eugenol-inhibited root growth in Avena fatuainvolves ROS-mediated oxidative damage
    (Elsevier, 2015) Ahuja, Nitin; Singh, Harminder Pal; Batish, Daizy. R.; Kohli, R.K.,
    Plant essential oils and their constituent monoterpenes are widely known plant growth retardants but their mechanism of action is not well understood. We explored the mechanism of phytotoxicity of eugenol, a monoterpenoid alcohol, proposed as a natural herbicide. Eugenol (100–1000 µM) retarded the germination of Avena fatua and strongly inhibited its root growth compared to the coleoptile growth. We further investigated the underlying physiological and biochemical alterations leading to the root growth inhibition. Eugenol induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress and membrane damage in the root tissue. ROS generation measured in terms of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical content increased significantly in the range of 24 to 144, 21 to 91, 46 to 173% over the control at 100 to 1000 µM eugenol, respectively. The disruption in membrane integrity was indicated by 25 to 125% increase in malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation byproduct), and decreased conjugated diene content (~10 to 41%). The electrolyte leakage suggesting membrane damage increased both under light as well as dark conditions measured over a period from 0 to 30 h. In defense to the oxidative damage due to eugenol, a significant upregulation in the ROS-scavenging antioxidant enzyme machinery was observed. The activities of superoxide dismutases, catalases, ascorbate peroxidases, guaiacol peroxidases and glutathione reductases were elevated by ~1.5 to 2.8, 2 to 4.3, 1.9 to 5.0, 1.4 to 3.9, 2.5 to 5.5 times, respectively, in response to 100 to 1000 µM eugenol. The study concludes that eugenol inhibits early root growth through ROS-mediated oxidative damage, despite an activation of the antioxidant enzyme machinery.