Economic Studies - Research Publications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/141

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 115

AN ANALYSIS OF ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL EXPORTS OF PAKISTAN WITH SAARC COUNTRIES: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
(Applied Economics Research Centre (AERC), 2011) Kaur, Sandeep; Nanda, Paramjit
Among the SAARC countries, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka had a share of 2.1 per cent, 1.4 per cent and 0.9 percent respectively, in the total exports of Pakistan. Therefore, it becomes imperative to study Pakistan's export potential in relation to SAARC countries. It was further recorded that all SAARC countries' trade including Pakistan is intense with one or two markets during the study period. Therefore, the present study aims at finding whether Pakistan has the potential to export to these nations by using gravity model. Pakistan's export potential to SAARC nations (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka) was calculated with the help of gravity model of exports using panel data methodology (pooled model, fixed effect model and random effect model) by employing the data over time period 1981-2005. To find out the convergence and divergence of Pakistan's exports to SAARC members, speed of convergence has been used. The study revealed that, there was presence of convergence in Pakistan's exports with SAARC countries; in other words, actual Pakistan's exports to SAARC countries converged towards the estimated export potential. The study also found that among SAARC countries, Pakistan's net export potential exists for Bhutan, India, Maldives and Nepal. Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal are not only far away from Pakistan but they do not have any common borders with Pakistan. Therefore, Pakistan needs facility for transit trade with Maldives, Nepal and Bhutan, through India to realized its export potential.
India’s Trade with Central Asia: Trends and Prospects
(IACD- Institute of Asian Culture and Development, 2011) Kaur, Sandeep
Although the countries of Central Asia have been integrated in the global economy, their economic relations with India have been declined significantly. India’s BOT with all Central Asian countries (except Uzbekistan) had been favourable during 1993- 2009. Indian exports as well as imports from Central Asia are highly concentrated around few commodities during same period. Moreover, the Central Asia’s role in selected Indian exports as well as imports was not so strong and in fact negligible. There has been found very low trade of India with Central Asian countries. This is due to many reasons but lack of economic and financial sector reforms in some of these countries is one of the basic reasons. The other factors of this low trade are lack of direct transport links, poor infrastructure, inadequate banking facilities and tax structure, competition by Russia, China and USA etc. India can increase trade relations with Central Asia and also can play a multi- dimensional role in the development of these former Soviet Republics. Recently these economies have grown up; therefore good economic relations of India with Central Asia can boost their trade.
Export and import potentials of Pakistan to other SAARC countries in gravity panel data models
(2011) Bhatia, S.K.; Nanda, P.
Pakistan's export and import potential to other SAARC nations has been calculated with the help of gravity model using panel data methodology (pooled model, fixed effect model and random effect model) by taking the time period 1981-2005. The study revealed that there was presence of convergence in Pakistan's exports as well as imports with SAARC countries and in the other words, actual Pakistan's exports and imports to SAARC countries converged towards the estimated export and import potential. Pakistan had convergence in exports with four SAARC members (Bhutan, India, Maldives and Nepal) and divergence with two SAARC members (Bangladesh and Sri Lanka). Regarding imports, Pakistan had convergence in imports with two SAARC members (Bangladesh and India) and divergence with two SAARC members (Nepal and Sri Lanka). The study suggested that greater stability in the international exchange system would also help to increase prospects for trade and investments of SAARC countries.
Determinants of Export Services of USA with its Asian Partners: A Panel Data Analysis
(Ala-Too International University, Bishkek, 2011) Kaur, Sandeep
Trade in services has accounted for 20 per cent of global trade. Despite the increasing importance of services trade in global economy, there has been limited research on service trade which uses determinants driving such trade. The present paper has examined the export potential in service sector of USA with its Asian trade partners (Japan, China, India, Singapore, South Korea and Hong Kong) by taking into account geographic, economic and other features. The approach is based on gravity model, widely used to analyze trade in goods and has more recently been applied to service sector. Being a nature of study is of panel data i.e. for 9 years (2000-2008) and six cross sections, the study used panel data methodology. The study revealed that USA has export potential in services for India and Japan. Regarding the convergent and divergent economies, USA had convergence in exports with three Asian countries (Hong Kong, India and Korea) and divergence with three Asian countries (Japan, China and Singapore). There is a large scope for export expansion for Hong Kong, India and Korea.
Migration, transnationalism, and ambivalence: The Punjab-United Kingdom linkage
(Springer Netherlands, 2012) Qureshi, K.; Varghese, V.J.; Osella, F.; Rajan, S.I.
This chapter investigates developments in the Punjab-UK transnational space, a long-standing and extensive migration corridor. Within India?s diverse migration history, Punjab?s specificity is its particular historical connection with the UK, despite criss-crossing colonial and postcolonial migrations across the globe. We juxtapose field research in the UK and Punjab and show that transnationalism appears and works differently when viewed from either location-highlighting the differentially empowered nature of transnational space, as well as irresolvable ambivalences that are worked into transnational relationships. We reconsider the transnationalism paradigm through five interrelated arguments. We demonstrate the complexity of transnational space, which exceeds the binary sending-receiving country relationship that characterizes the literature. We find that transnationalism is not merely produced ?from below? by the activities of migrants and diaspora, but is orchestrated and formalized by various arms of the Indian and British states. Moreover, illicit flows of people are also produced by the governance of migration. Transnational connectivity does not diminish individuals? desire for a single, solid citizenship and nationality beyond the pragmatism attached with citizenship. Finally, we argue for historicizing of transnational networks and appreciation of the social relations of gender, generation, class, and caste by which they are cleaved. ? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012.
Indian Punjabi skilled migrants in Britain: Of brain drain and under-employment
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2013) Qureshi, K.; Varghese, V.J.; Osella, F.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the careers of skilled migrants from Indian Punjab. This study complicates the normalization of skilled migration as a "win-win" situation by examining the career trajectories of skilled migrants from the Indian Punjab who are trying to establish themselves in Britain. Design/methodology/approach: The paper examines 20 life history interviews undertaken with skilled migrants from the Indian Punjab to Britain, in IT, media, law and hospitality industries, health and welfare professionals, and student migrants. Findings: Skilled migrants were able to migrate on their own auspices through migration economies in Punjab. Once in Britain, however, they were directed to universities and labour markets in which they were not able to use their skills. They experienced under-employment, devaluation of their qualifications and downward mobility, which forced them into ethnic and gendered markets within their home networks and created ambivalence about migrant success and issues of return. Research limitations/implications: The study emphasizes the need to take a transnational lens when looking at skilled migration, address how migrants' career trajectories are limited by racism, anti-immigration sentiment and gender inequality, and consider temporality and uncertainty. Originality/value: The paper raises questions concerning the ways in which rapidly changing "managed migration" policies in Britain have burdened individual migrants. ? Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
An Analysis of Major Determinants of Food Inflation in India
(Indian Society for Education and Environment, 2014) Ahmed, Mumtaz; Singla, Naresh
The study has exclusively analyzed the major determinants of food inflation in India by using the monthly data from January 2006 to December 2013. Using Johansen’s cointegration technique, it was shown that in long run, all major determinants of food inflation such as money supply, interest rate, exchange rate, crude oil and rainfall except world food prices affect food inflation significantly. The Error Correction Model was also used to comprehend the short run behavior of food inflation and its determinants. The error correction term turned out to be significant statistically which further confirmed the long run causality as well as the speed of convergence towards long run equilibrium. In short-run, only world food and crude oil prices affect the food inflation.
Cointegration, Causality and Impulse Response Analysis in Major Apple Markets of India
(Agricultural Economics Reseach Assosiation, 2014) Beag, Fayaz Ahmad; Singla, Naresh
The study has investigated market integration across five major wholesale apple markets, viz. Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Delhi, Hyderabad and Kolkata, of the country by adopting Johansen’s multivariate cointegration approach. The study has confirmed the presence of cointegration, implying the long-run price association among the markets. To get the additional evidence as to whether and in which direction price transmission is occurring between the market pairs, Granger causality test has been used, which has confirmed Delhi to be the price-determining market. Hyderabad has been found comparatively more efficient as it has depicted most bidirectional causal relations with other markets. The market pairs: Ahmedabad — Kolkata and Bengaluru — Kolkata have not shown any causal relation between them. The impulse response functions were also conducted which have confirmed the results of cointegration and Granger causality, but the magnitude of price transmission has been found relatively low in some market pairs that are spatially integrated. The major implication of the study is for the designing of a network of agricultural wholesale markets across the country at almost equal distance from each other to enhance the market integration and better price transmission among them.
Fresh food supermarkets in the Indian Punjab: Organisation and impacts
(University of California Los Angeles CMRS, 2014) Singla, Naresh; Singh, Sukhpal; Dhindsa, Paramjit Kaur
Linking primary producers with global and national markets through modern corporate food retail supermarkets and other linkages is seen as one of the innovative ways to improve the livelihoods of small producers in developing countries. But, value chains driven by food supermarkets everywhere are, generally, found to exclude small farmers for various reasons. In this context, this paper examines the inclusiveness and effectiveness of fresh food supermarkets in linking farmers with end markets with the help of a case study of two major supermarkets in Punjab viz. Easy Day and Reliance Fresh based on a primary survey of growers of two major crops each. Using the evidence and inference from this study, a number of policy suggestions are proposed for better leveraging of food supermarket linkage for achieving smallholder inclusive crop diversification in Punjab. ? 2016 The Regents of the University of California. All Rights Reserved.
Has Odisha become less poor in the last decade?
(Economic and Political Weekly, 2014) Samantaraya, A.; Sahoo, A.K.; Mallick, A.; Bhuyna, B.
Though there has been overall economic progress in India in the post-reform period, it has not been uniform across the country. This article points out that contrary to popular perception, Odisha gradually improved its relative economic position in the second half of the post-reform period. This is evident both in terms of per capita income and key socio-economic indicators. A household survey undertaken to assess the situation at the grass-roots level also corroborates this. An analysis of the information from the survey also suggests that good irrigation facilities, road connectivity, and proximity to vibrant economic activities, such as mining and industry, facilitate more earning and a better standard of living.
Remittances, Household Expenditure and Investment in Rural India: Evidence from NSS data
(Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, 2015) Parida, J.K.; Mohanty, Sanjay K.; Raman, K. Ravi
The paper attempts to study the migration trends and the factors driving it in India and also to understand and compare the marginal spending behavior of three groups of households in India - those not receiving remittances, receiving internal remittances and receiving international remittances - with an emphasis on its impact on investment in human capital defined as education and health. The analysis, based on a nation-wide sample survey, reveals that migration, besides playing a major role in poverty reduction, also has an important bearing on marginal spending behavior much in keeping with Engels Law and also that the amount set aside towards human capital formation is significant, which has wider policy impli
MIGRATION AND BILATERAL TRADE FLOWS: EVIDENCE FROM INDIA AND OECD COUNTRIES
(Euro-American Association of Economic Development Studies, 2015) Kaur, Sandeep
Migration from developing countries to developed countries is not a new phenomenon. The causes of migration has been well explained by many authors. The rate of population growth and the proportion of youth in the population, their education and training, employment opportunities, income differentials in society, communication and transportation facilities, political freedom and human rights and the level of urbanization are the important causes of migration (Samuel and George 2002). According to Kaur (2013), among developing countries, South Asia is considered the hub of migrant workers because of populated countries like India, Bangladesh etc. These migrant workers help make up for the shortage of labour in the developed world and their remittances are major sources of foreign exchange reserves for South Asian countries. The study revealed that during the study period (1980-2010), remittances did not result in a reduction in poverty. Although remittances are considered as a tool of poverty reduction, the slow trickle down effects in these countries may be the one of the reasons for the negative relation.
Growth and Prospects of Non-Farm Employment in India: Reflections from NSS Data
(National Sample Survey Office - Industrial Statistics Wing, 2015) Parida, J.K.
This paper attempts to explore the recent trends of non-farm employment in India and to identify the employment generating sectors that would absorb the rapidly growing labour force using various rounds of NSS unit level data. Major findings of this study suggest that a structural change in employment has been taking place since 2004-05, that could be rightly named as a Lewisan transition. Construction, services and labour intensive manufacturing sectors together continued to absorb the workers who left agriculture during the post 2004-05 periods. Given the demographic scenario and huge participation in education (particularly secondary and above level), about 11 million skilled, 9 million low-skilled and 43 million unskilled job seekers are expected to join the labour force by 2019-20. Thus, along with the skill development initiatives the government has to give top priority for generating employment in manufacturing and service sectors
An economic analysis of variables affecting the groundwater depletion
(CESER Publications, 2015) Pavneet, Kaur, S.
The adoption of agricultural technology has helped in raising the income level of the farmers and total foodgrain production. But it cannot be denied that the adoption of modern technology has taken place at the cost of unjustifiable use of resources. Groundwater depletion is found to be one of the major problems in Punjab. In present study an attempt has been made to examine the economic analysis of groundwater depletion. The sample of 120 farmers was taken from the two villages of Sunam block, viz. Tolawaltubewell irrigated area and Rattangarhhaving both canal and tubewell irrigation facility. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), has indicated the mean technical efficiency of farms 90.3 per cent and 95 per cent in paddy production and 89.4 per cent and 94.9 per cent in wheat production, in tubewell irrigated and canal+ tubewell irrigated farms, respectively. The multiple (step- up) regression analysis has revealed that farm income has positive correlation with the land ownership and ownership of submersible motors. The study suggests that the government should ensure minimum support prices for less water consuming crops. This will not only shift the existing cropping pattern but also provide the solution of over exploiting groundwater. Further, the government should take care for maintenance of canals on priority basis. ? 2015, CESER Publications.
Growth and Performance of Agriculture Sector in India
(Publishing India, 2015) Singla, Naresh; Kaur,Mamandeep
The growth of agriculture and allied sectors is critical for the Indian economy as about 49 percent of the population is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture. During the last decade and so, the agriculture sector has undergone profound changes resulting in sharp deceleration in its growth. The study has attempted to analyze growth and performance of the agriculture sector in India since 1980-81 and tries to comprehend some of the factors responsible for the deceleration in growth. The study has shown that agriculture sector has been able to show tremendous improvement in expansion of area and production of food grain and non-food grain crops. However, there are so many underlying factors responsible for slowdown of the agricultural growth. Some of the factors identified include: Increase in area under non-agriculture uses, excessive dependence on rain fed farming, increase in number of agricultural labourers, reducing size of the operation holdings, over use of agri-inputs, inequity in the distribution of agriculture credit along with sharp deceleration in public gross capital formation in agriculture etc. The study pointed in order to achieve higher growth rate, there is a need to enhance the gross capital formation in agriculture sector particularly on irrigation so that more area can be brought under assured irrigation. Bringing equity in distribution of agricultural credit coupled with judicious and need-based agricultural inputs are some of the other recommendations drawn based upon the study.
Multidimensional Poverty in Kashmir: A Comparative Study of Srinagar and Anantnag Districts
(Uttar Pradesh Commerce Association, 2016) Unjum, Irfana; Mishra, P. K.
In last decades, poverty has been acknowledged as a multidimensional phenomenon in the policy circle. Multidimensional approach encapsulates the expansive representation of poverty as it implicates innumerable dimension which are otherwise impossible in the uni- dimensional approach of poverty. The purpose of this paper is to examine the multidimensional poverty in the rural region of the Kashmir division of J & K . The study is based on primary data collected during the first quarter of 2016 from purposively selected two districts, namely, Srinagar & Anantnag districts.
Tourism in Odisha: an engine of long run growth
(Conscientia Beam, 2016) Mishra, P.K.; Rout, H.B.; Sangmitra
In this globalized era, travel and tourism has become an indispensable economic activity world over. It has the potential to strengthen the socio-economic foundation of a nation. It has the capability to disseminate the peace message across the globe. It is well-known for job creation, foreign exchange earnings, revenue and income generations, and developing socio-economic infrastructures. Thus, it is critical for unemployment reduction, poverty alleviation, inequality reduction, and bringing up balanced regional development. It is instrumental for achieving inclusive and sustainable growth of a nation like India and her States. It is with this backdrop, this paper is an attempt to assess the role of tourism in Odisha, an eastern State of India, as an engine of long-run economic growth. In recent years, tourism has grown considerably due to the availability of good infrastructure facilities, favorable government policies, improvement of existing tourist locations, development of new tourist destinations and strong growth of hotel and restaurant industry in the State. This is reflected in the growing number of both domestic and foreign tourists to the State. In a multivariate framework, the use of multiple regression model over the period spanning from 1990-91 to 2011-12 provides the evidence of the positive contribution of the tourism sector to the economic growth of Odisha thereby justifying the role of tourism as an engine of long term growth of the State. Hence, the government of Odisha should formulate plans and policies such that tourism activities are promoted to lead a stable and sustainable growth of the State.
Trend and progress of tourism in India: An empirical analysis
(Serials Publications, 2016) Rout, H.B.; Mishra, P.K.; Pradhan, B.B.
The importance of tourism in India can by no means be underestimated. It helps the tourists to get use to with the culture, customs and conventions, language and mode of living of the people at destination. The most important benefits of tourism include job creation, foreign currency earnings, infrastructure development, poverty eradication, inequality reduction and balanced regional development. In addition, tourism is critical for increasing world peace. Thus, we have studied the trend and progress of tourism in India over the period spanning from 1995 to 2015. All tourism indicators except total contribution of travel and tourism to employment have been showing an increasing trend in India over the sample period. All these have been possible due to the constructive efforts made by the Centre and State governments over years. The government of India understands the importance of tourism in building a vibrant sustainable economy in the long-run. Thus, from time to time increasing importance has been attached to this service sector. Several plans, policies, projects, and schemes have been launched for the development of tourism sector activities in India. India is therefore, hopeful to accrue the benefits of multiplier effects of tourism in coming days. IJER � Serials Publications.
Trends , Patterns and Determinants of Indian Current Account Deficit
(Euro-American Association of Economic Development Studies, 2016) Fayaz, Mohd; Bhatia, Sandeep Kaur
India’s current account experience deteriorated due to its large dependence on imports and un-competitiveness of exports. The relation between external and internal balances, with deficit in specific, deserves significant attention. Thus to understand the factors influencing current account is important for better designing the policies aiming at sustainable Current Account Deficit (CAD). In this direction, the present study is an endeavour to enrich the existing literature on the trends, patterns and determinants of current account deficit in India since 1996. The study adopts Johansen Cointegration approach to identify long-run relationship and uses Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to identify short-run relationship. The results of Johansen Cointegration test indicates the existence of long-run equilibrium relationship between the current account and the variables of interest, implying that India’s current account is influenced by these factors. On the basis of the empirical results, study concluded that continuously increasing Net Foreign Assets (NFAs) will lead to the betterment of the current account while, increase in imports encompassing exchange rate deterioration will keep on mounting pressure on CAD of India.
CHANGING PATTERN OF INDIA’S HIGH TECHNOLOGY EXPORTS: A STUDYOF COMPETITIVENESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
(Shri Ram College of Commerce, 2016) Manisha; Kaur, Sandeep
Export earnings of India have increased substantially over the years. For active participation in the global trading system export diversification is essential. Export diversification plays a main part in the economic growth of the developing countries. These countries try to improve place at the global level by increase its exports by exporting high technology products. India is no exception to this. The present study makes trying to look at the strength of pharmaceutical exports in India’s high technology exports with the US and Russian Federation with the help of different indices like Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) during 1991-2012. The empirical result of the study revealed that India has the maximum comparative advantage in pharmaceutical products with the US and Russian Federation. Further, the result of the study also highlights the positive impact of TRIPS on India’s pharmaceutical exports. The study also finds that domestic companies are more R and D oriented than foreign companies. For India to become a top player in the international business of pharmaceutical sector, the government of India needs to sustain foreign investments in pharmaceuticals sector so that it would help to meet the practical knowledge and to generate employment.