Economic Studies - Research Publications

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    COVID-19, livestock supply chains and livelihoods in India: a review of�impacts and implications
    (Emerald Publishing, 2023-03-27T00:00:00) Verma, Gautami; Singla, Naresh; Singh, Sukhpal
    Purpose: The global outbreak of COVID-19 and its subsequent varied impacts on different economic activities necessitate to examine its disruptions and impacts on livestock sector in India due to its recently surging potential as an unrivaled alternative to boost farmer�s income. Design/methodology/approach: The studies for review were identified through search in different databases using relevant keywords. Only full text papers written in English language were reviewed. The review was organized and streamlined using Covidence software. Findings: Analysis of the literature reveals adverse effects of COVID-19 on functioning of input and output stages of livestock supply chains. This has resulted in upstream and downstream economic losses that affect livelihoods of the producers. Research limitations/implications: Scale of unprecedented crisis due to COVID-19 pandemic requires creative policy decisions to make livestock production systems robust, resilient and sustainable. Organized production systems are required to integrate with livestock-tech startups to modernize their supply chains, whereas local supply chains are required to reorient with government�s intervention in terms of developing on-farm production and postproduction processing facilities. Originality/value: Although there exist some evidence on COVID-19-related impacts on livestock sector of India, but an integrated review of evidence on COVID-19 related disruptions at all the stages (from input supply to marketing) of livestock supply chains was missing. � 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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    India�s Merchandise Exports to Asia: A Constant Market Share Analysis
    (Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd, 2022-02-08T00:00:00) Fayaz, Mohd; Kaur, Sandeep
    The present study attempts to examine the structural changes in Indian merchandise exports to Asia during the period 1980�2016 by using Constant Market Share (CMS) analysis. The index values of the CMS analysis suggest that India has mostly maintained and strengthened its export market share primarily in resource-based and low tech/labour-intensive products. Major technology-intensive exports include organic chemicals and dyes and colouring materials to all its export destinations in Asia. The market effect result shows a positive impact on India�s export performance which suggests that India has diversified its exports to South Asia, Southeast Asia and West and Central Asia. However, market adaptation effect result shows negative impact in East Asian market which means that India is lacking in adapting the import structure of this market. JEL Codes: F1, F14, F43, L6, O53 � 2022 Indian Institute of Foreign Trade.
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    Reducing Rural Poverty Through Non-farm Job Creation in India
    (Springer, 2022-03-15T00:00:00) Pattayat, Shiba Shankar; Parida, Jajati Keshari; Awasthi, I.C.
    Based on secondary data, this paper estimates the incidence of poverty by sectoral employment status of individuals and it explores the factors determining individual�s joint probabilities of being poor and being engaged in the non-farm sector jobs (at micro-level). It also finds the impact (at macro-level) of rural non-farm sector employment on the incidence of rural poverty, and it identifies the subsectors of the non-farm sector, which help reduce the incidence of rural poverty in India. Using bivariate probit, recursive bivariate probit regression models, it finds that individual�s human capabilities owing to better education and training and higher occupations of their head of the family significantly determine their probability of being employed in the non-farm sectors, which in turn help reduce their chance of being poor. The panel system generalized methods of moment result suggest that the provincial states of India, which have achieved higher level of non-farm sector NSDP growth along with the creation of jobs through an improved level of infrastructure (roads, railways, banking, and industries) base, have succeeded to reduce the incidence of rural poverty to substantially low levels. Based on these findings, it is argued that the incidence of rural poverty can be reduced on a sustainable basis through the development of rural manufacturing, and by promoting growth of modern service sectors like education, health, communication, real estate, and finance and insurance, along with the infrastructural development. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Society of Labour Economics.
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    Crop insurance policies in india: An empirical analysis of pradhan mantri fasal bima yojana
    (MDPI, 2021-10-27T00:00:00) Kaur, Sandeep; Raj, Hem; Singh, Harpreet; Chattu, Vijay Kumar
    India is home to over one-third of all undernourished children worldwide, and it ranks 94th out of 107 nations in the Global Hunger Index 2020. Instability in production and market risks make agriculture a risky business and directly affect farmers� income levels, thereby impacting food security. This review aimed to understand various features of different crop insurance policies in India and to analyze the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana�s (PMFBY) impacts on Indian farmers. A literature search was performed in all popular databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, AGRICOLA, AGRIS, and Google search engines, as well as annual Indian government reports. The keywords �Crop Insurance� OR �Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana� OR �National Agriculture Schemes� AND �India� were searched to obtain relevant articles. By using cumulative data, we conducted a multiple regression analysis and a model was developed to estimate the effects of insurance characteristics on farmer coverage for the years 2017�2018 and 2018�2019. Agricultural insurance coverage under PMFBY remained low in terms of the number of farmers insured, the area insured, claims paid, and total farmers benefited. Compared to other schemes, the beneficiary and claim premium ratios were substantially lower under the PMFBY. The multiple regression analysis showed that farmers� premiums have a significant effect on the number of farmers insured over time, although the subsidies do not have a significant influence in farmers� insurance participation. Delays in claim settlement, the complexity of the system, and a lack of awareness among farmers are the major weaknesses of the PMFBY. Greater use of digital media could help spread awareness of these schemes among farmers. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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    Exploring state interventions in entrepreneurship development in India: Evidence from Jammu and Kashmir
    (Inderscience Publishers, 2021-02-25T00:00:00) Paray, Zahoor Ahmad; Singla, Naresh
    The Indian Government has been promoting entrepreneurship vehemently from last three decades, institutions were established and programs were launched. Jammu and Kashmir Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (JKEDI) as part of this series of institutions has been working comprehensively in making entrepreneurship a common phenomenon among the masses. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact of entrepreneurial initiatives by the state government with the support of JKEDI towards the creation of new enterprises in Bandipora district of Jammu and Kashmir in India. Primary data has been collected with a structured schedule from 100 new JKEDI sponsored entrepreneurs from the district. Both qualitative and quantitative information was collected and analysed with simple statistical tools and analysis of the interview. The findings show that there is a positive impact of training, financial support and consultation for the overall development of entrepreneurship in both urban and rural areas of the district in particular and state as a whole. � 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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    Tourism, governance and economic growth in india
    (ASERS Publishing House, 2021-03-29T00:00:00) Mishra, P.K.; Rout, Himanshu B.; Chaini, S.R.
    This research work studied the relationship between tourism, governance quality and economic growth in India. It has been argued that the contribution of tourism sector expansion to the real economic growth significantly depends on the quality of governance that is prevalent in the country. The study empirically supports the existence of tourism-led growth hypothesis in Indian context while business confidence, economic freedom and regulatory quality have positive influences, and government effectiveness and corruption control have negative impacts on the economic growth over the sample period. Therefore, the study recommends for promoting polices which ensure business confidence, economic freedom and regulatory quality in the country. It is also suggested that the policies which ensure government effectiveness and control corruption be revisited, reframed, if required, and implemented more stringently along with the polices for effective monitoring and assessment. � 2021 by ASERS� Publishing. All rights reserved.
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    Nexus between anthropogenic activities and GHGs emission in India: An empirical analysis
    (Primrose Hall Publishing Group, 2020) Mishra, S.K; Sarangi, M.K; Mishra, P.K.
    The worst consequences of environmental degradation are realised all across the globe and environmental sustainability is, thus, the call of the day. Consumption and production activities to fulfil human wants pollute all the means of sustainability through exhaustion and overexploitation of scarce natural resources. This empirical study tries to establish the nexus between anthropogenic activities and GHGs emissions, using ARDL based bound test for India over a period of 44 years spanning 1971 to 2014. The study reveals that fertility rate, population density, Economic Growth, and consumption of primary energy have a positive and statistically significant impact on the emission of GHGs both in the short and longrun. � 2020 Primrose Hall Publishing Group.
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    Employability and Earning Differentials Among Technically and Vocationally Trained Youth in India
    (Springer, 2020) Singh, S; Parida, J.K; Awasthi, I.C.
    Based on both NSS (1993�94, 1999�2000, 2004�05, and 2011�12 rounds) and PLFS (2017�18) data, this paper examines the employability and earning/wage differentials among vocationally and technically trained youth and explored its determinants in India. It is found that although the number of vocationally and technically trained youth increased during the last decade, their work force participation had declined substantially. We have also noted an upsurge in the open unemployment among these trained youth. The job market distress is being reflected by the large share of employment of these trained youth in agriculture and allied sectors or in the low paid and informal service sectors, and lack of employment opportunities in industries. Moreover, the prevalence of both stick floor (in case of female) and glass ceiling (in case of Backward Castes) effects in the vocational and technical labour market is the main reason for the existing wage differential by gender and caste groups in India. Based on these findings, it is suggested that reducing the labour market demand-supply gap through required job opportunities in industry is necessary. This would not only improve the employability of vocationally and technically trained youth, but also help reducing their existing wage differentials. � 2020, Indian Society of Labour Economics.
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    Tourism, foreign direct investment and economic growth in India
    (Africa Journals, 2020) Mishra P.K.; Rout H.B.; Kestwal A.K.
    This paper studied the association between tourism sector development, FDI flows to the tourism sector and real economic growth in India for the period 2000 to 2018. The findings support the occurrence of the tourism-led growth hypothesis in India. But we did not find any significant impact of FDI flows to the tourism sector on the economic growth in the country. Such a finding may be due to the low quantum of FDI equity flows to hotel and tourism sector in India. It is recommended that the policy circle in the country should focus on tourism sector development and its promotion in the international market.
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    Tourism-energy-environment-growth nexus: Evidence from India
    (ASERS Publishing House, 2019) Mishra P.K.; Rout H.B.; Kestwal A.K.
    This paper examined the dynamic linkages between tourism development, energy consumption, environmental degradation and economic growth in the context of the Indian economy. The short-run findings establish a chain-link between tourism development, economic growth, energy consumption and environmental degradation. Foreign tourist arrivals positively contribute to economic growth which in turn increases per capita energy use thereby raising CO2 emissions – a major cause of environmental degradation and consequential adverse effects on tourism development. The long-run findings, although inconclusive, are only indicative of short-run observations. Therefore, the policy focus should be on devising promotional strategies for encouraging the extensive use of clean energy for environmental protection. Such a policy base can be instrumental in fostering the development of India tourism and also, be pivotal for achieving sustainable economic growth.