Department Of Microbiology
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Item Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections in HIV patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis(Nature Research, 2023-07-08T00:00:00) Akanksha, Kumari; Kumari, Ashu; Dutta, Omprokash; Prasanth, Ajay; Deeba, Farah; Salam, NasirSoil-transmitted Helminth (STH) infections have been found associated with people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but little is known about the overall burden of STH coinfection in HIV patients. We aimed to assess the burden of STH infections among HIV patients. Relevant databases were systematically searched for studies reporting the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthic pathogens in HIV patients. Pooled estimates of each helminthic infection were calculated. The odds ratio was also determined as a measure of the association between STH infection and the HIV status of the patients. Sixty-one studies were finally included in the meta-analysis, consisting of 16,203 human subjects from all over the world. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in HIV patients was found to be 8% (95% CI 0.06, 0.09), the prevalence of Trichuris trichiura infection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.06), the prevalence of hookworm infection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.06), and prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.05). Countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America & Caribbean and Asia were identified with the highest burden of STH-HIV coinfection. Our analysis indicated that people living with HIV have a higher chance of developing Strongyloides stercoralis infections and decreased odds of developing hookworm infections. Our findings suggest a moderate level of prevalence of STH infections among people living with HIV. The endemicity of STH infections and HIV status both are partially responsible for the burden of STH-HIV coinfections. � 2023, The Author(s).Item Burden of dengue, leishmaniasis and lymphatic filariasis in India and its states from 1990�2019: Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD 2019)(Public Library of Science, 2023-10-18T00:00:00) Dutta, Omprokash; Prasanth, Ajay; Kumari, Ashu; Akanksha, Kumari; Deeba, Farah; Salam, NasirVector-borne diseases such as dengue, leishmaniasis, and lymphatic filariasis, constitute significant sources of illness, disability, and mortality among the poor and vulnerable in many countries around the world, including India. Based on the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2019, we analyse the burden of dengue, leishmaniasis, and lymphatic filariasis, in India from 1990 to 2019. Over this period, there was a reduction in the burden of lymphatic filariasis and leishmaniasis. Notably, dengue emerged as the most common vector-borne disease, exhibiting high fatality rate above 15 years of age and the highest DALY within 15�49 age group. Additionally, dengue cases surged substantially between 1990 and 2019. Leishmaniasis related mortality and DALY declined in the year 2019 compared to the year 1990, with high mortality and DALY in the 0-49-year-old age group. For lymphatic filariasis, DALY was more pronounce among those in the 15�49-year age group, which underwent reduction in 2019. Males had a higher burden in other vector-borne diseases than females, although females had a slightly elevated dengue burden. These findings highlight the evolving epidemiological trends related to vector-borne diseases in India, over the last three decades and underline the critical significance of sustained efforts for the elimination and control of vector-borne diseases. � 2023 Dutta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Item A meta-analysis on the prevalence of Taenia solium and Taenia saginata infections in India(Oxford University Press, 2023-04-20T00:00:00) Balodhi, Ashutosh; Jain, Khushi; Gupta, Palak; Deeba, Farah; Salam, NasirTapeworm infections in humans are considered to be a significant public health menace. Despite its public health importance, the data on tapeworm infection remains fragmented and underutilised. The present study reviews the overall burden and distribution of taeniasis and cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium and Taenia saginata in India by conducting a systematic review of the scientific literature based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data from 19 eligible articles were analysed and the prevalence of T. solium�associated taeniasis/cysticercosis was found to be 11.06% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.856 to 16.119) and the prevalence of T. saginata�associated taeniasis was found to be 4.7% (95% CI 3.301 to 6.301). This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a comprehensive analysis of the available literature on tapeworm infections and assesses the burden of Taenia infection from India, identifying areas of high prevalence requiring active surveillance and public health interventions. � The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.Item Prevalence of Pregnancy Associated Malaria in India(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-05-26T00:00:00) Jain, Khushi; Gupta, Palak; Balodhi, Ashutosh; Deeba, Farah; Salam, NasirMalaria in pregnancy is a major public health concern. It results in impaired maternal health and adversely effects fetal and perinatal outcomes. The present systematic review was conducted to assess the prevalence, distribution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in malaria infected females in India. A comprehensive search and review of PubMed and Web of Science based on PRISMA guidelines was carried out to find articles reporting prevalence of malaria in pregnant women from India. Data from 16 studies were analyzed and prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in India was found to be 11.4 % (95 % CI: 7.3, 16.3). Prevalence of malaria among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women was found to be 10.62% (95% CI: 6.05, 16.23) and 13.13% (95% CI: 7.2, 20.52), respectively. P. falciparum and P. vivax were both reported with in the same population. The geospatial distribution of malaria in pregnancy spanned over nine very populous states of India. The review also reported severe maternal and perinatal outcomes. Given the seriousness of malaria in pregnant women and its effects on the fetus and new-born, a stringent district wise guideline for early detection and prophylaxis in regions identified in this review will help in its better control. Copyright � 2022 Jain, Gupta, Balodhi, Deeba and Salam.Item Prevalence of Amoebiasis and Associated Complications in India: A Systematic Review(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-04-11T00:00:00) Gupta, Palak; Singh, Kiran Kumari; Balodhi, Ashutosh; Jain, Khushi; Deeba, Farah; Salam, NasirPurpose: Intestinal protozoan parasites are responsible for diarrheal diseases causing significant morbidity and mortality. Entamoeba histolytica is the principle protozoan parasite associated with diarrheal infections. The infection is often associated with inaccessibility to clean drinking water and poor sanitary conditions in low- and middle-income countries including India. A comprehensive systematic review was performed to evaluate a reliable nationwide estimate for prevalence and geographic distribution of amoebiasis in India and the complications associated with it. Methods: We used the PRISMA guidelines to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published between the year 2001�2020. Two English language databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched to achieve relevant studies. Results: Initial searches resulted in 467 studies out of which 64 eligible articles involving data from 289,659 human subjects from 12 states and 4 union territories were included in the final analysis. Prevalence of amoebiasis ranged from 3-23% in asymptomatic population, 0.64�11% in symptomatic patients and 1�17.5% in HIV-infected patients. Highest prevalence was seen in Tamil Nadu, Andaman Nicobar Island and North East India. Extra intestinal invasion of Entamoeba histolytica leading to complications such as amoebic liver abscess, amoebic colitis, colonic perforation and ameboma were also reported. Such complications have the potential to increase healthcare burden and may prove to be fatal. Conclusion: Amoebiasis remains a significant public health issue in India responsible for diarrheal diseases causing significant morbidity and mortality. Entamoeba histolytica is the principle protozoan parasite associated with amoebiasis. Public health efforts should be directed towards its control and better diagnostic methods should be employed for distinguishing between pathogenic and non-pathogenic species of Entamoeba. � 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Witold Stefa?ski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences.Item Global, regional, and national sex differences in the global burden of tuberculosis by HIV status, 1990�2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(Elsevier Ltd, 2021-09-23T00:00:00) Ledesma, Jorge R.; Ma, Jianing; Vongpradith, Avina; Maddison, Emilie R.; Novotney, Amanda; Biehl, Molly H.; Legrand, Kate E.; Ross, Jennifer M.; Jahagirdar, Deepa; Bryazka, Dana; Feldman, Rachel; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abosetugn, Akine Eshete; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Afzal, Saira; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad; Ahmadi, Sepideh; Rashid, Tarik Ahmed; Salih, Yusra Ahmed; Aklilu, Addis; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Alahdab, Fares; Alemayehu, Yosef; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir; Ali, Liaqat; Alipour, Vahid; Alizade, Hesam; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amini, Saeed; Amit, Arianna Maever L.; Anderson, Jason A.; Androudi, Sofa; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Antony, Catherine M.; Anwer, Razique; Arabloo, Jalal; Arja, Asrat; Asemahagn, Mulusew A.; Atre, Sachin R.; Azhar, Gulrez Shah; Darshan, B.B.; Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din; Baig, Atif Amin; Banach, Maciej; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Barra, Fabio; Barrow, Amadou; Basu, Sanjay; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhattacharjee, Natalia V.; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Boloor, Archith; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Buonsenso, Danilo; Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina; Butt, Zahid A.; Carter, Austin; Carvalho, Felix; Charan, Jaykaran; Chatterjee, Souranshu; Chattu, Soosanna Kumary; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Christopher, Devasahayam J.; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Claassens, Mareli M.; Dadras, Omid; Dagnew, Amare Belachew; Dai, Xiaochen; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Dhamnetiya, Deepak; Dianatinasab, Mostafa; Diaz, Daniel; Doan, Linh Phuong; Eftekharzadeh, Sahar; Elhadi, Muhammed; Emami, Amir; Enany, Shymaa; Faraon, Emerito Jose A.; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Foroutan, Masoud; Frank, Tahvi D.; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.; Garcia-Calavaro, Christian; Garg, Tushar; Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle; Ghadiri, Keyghobad; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goodridge, Amador; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Hamidi, Samer; Hanif, Asif; Haque, Shaful; Harapan, Harapan; Hargono, Arief; Hasaballah, Ahmed I.; Hashi, Abdiwahab; Hassan, Shoaib; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hayat, Khezar; Hezam, Kamal; Holla, Ramesh; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Househ, Mowafa; Hussain, Rabia; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Itumalla, Ramaiah; Jaafari, Jalil; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jain, Vardhmaan; Javanmardi, Fatemeh; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jonas, Jost B.; Joseph, Nitin; Joukar, Farahnaz; Kabir, Zubair; Kamath, Ashwin; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandel, Himal; Katoto, Patrick D.M.C.; Kayode, Gbenga A.; Kendrick, Parkes J.; Kerbo, Amene Abebe; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalilov, Rovshan; Khatab, Khaled; Khoja, Abdullah T.; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kim, Min Seo; Kim, Yun Jin; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kumar, Avinash; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Narinder; Kumar, Nithin; Kwarteng, Alexander; Lak, Hassan Mehmood; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Landires, Iv�n; Lasrado, Savita; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lin, Christine; Liu, Xuefeng; Lopukhov, Platon D.; Lozano, Rafael; Machado, Daiane Borges; Kunjathur, Shilpashree Madhava; Madi, Deepak; Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra; Majeed, Azeem; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerl�ndio; Mehta, Saurabh; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Merie, Hayimro Edemealem; Mersha, Amanual Getnet; Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mheidly, Nour Mheidly; Misra, Sanjeev; Mithra, Prasanna; Moghadaszadeh, Masoud; Mohammadi, Mokhtar; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammed, Shafu; Molokhia, Mariam; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Al Montasir, Ahmed; Moore, Catrin E.; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Nair, Sanjeev; Nair, Suma; Naqvi, Atta Abbas; Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nazari, Javad; Kandel, Sandhya Neupane; Nguyen, Trang Huyen; Nixon, Molly R.; Nnaji, Chukwudi A.; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Nu�ez-Samudio, Virginia; Oancea, Bogdan; Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Oren, Eyal; Mahesh, P.A.; Parthasarathi, Ramakrishnan; Kan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh; Pattanshetty, Sanjay M.; Paudel, Rajan; Paul, Pintu; Pawar, Shrikant; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Perico, Norberto; Pirestani, Majid; Polibin, Roman V.; Postma, Maarten J.; Pourshams, Akram; Prashant, Akila; Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga; Radfar, Amir; Rafei, Alireza; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Ranasinghe, Priyanga; Rao, Chythra R.; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Reitsma, Marissa B.; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Reta, Melese Abate; Rezaei, Nima; Rezahosseini, Omid; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Rezapour, Aziz; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Roshchin, Denis O.; Sabour, Siamak; Saif-Ur-rahman, K.M.; Salam, Nasir; Kafl, Hossein Samadi; Samaei, Mehrnoosh; Samy, Abdallah M.; Saroshe, Satish; Sartorius, Benn; Sathian, Brijesh; Sawyer, Susan M.; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Seylani, Allen; Shafaat, Omid; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Sharaf, Kiomars; Shetty, Ranjitha S.; Shigematsu, Mika; Shin, Jae Il; Silva, Jo�o Pedro; Singh, Jitendra Kumar; Sinha, Smriti; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.; Steiropoulos, Paschalis; Sufyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Tadesse, Eyayou Girma; Tamir, Zemenu; Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang; Tekalegn, Yohannes; Tesfay, Fisaha Haile; Tessema, Belay; Thapar, Rekha; Tleyjeh, Imad I.; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tsegaye, Berhan; Tsegaye, Gebiyaw Wudie; Ullah, Anayat; Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David; Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan; Vo, Bay; Vu, Giang Thu; Waheed, Yasir; Walters, Magdalene K.; Whisnant, Joanna L.; Woldekidan, Mesfn Agachew; Wubishet, Befkadu Legesse; Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh; Yazie, Taklo Simeneh Yazie; Yeshaw, Yigizie; Yi, Siyan; Yigit, Vahit; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yu, Chuanhua; Yunusa, Ismaeel; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zastrozhina, Anasthasia; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zumla, Alimuddin; Mokdad, Ali H.; Salomon, Joshua A.; Reiner, Robert C.; Lim, Stephen S.; Naghavi, Mohsen; Vos, Theo; Hay, Simon I.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Kyu, Hmwe HmweBackground: Tuberculosis is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, causing more than a million deaths annually. Given an emphasis on equity in access to diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in global health targets, evaluations of differences in tuberculosis burden by sex are crucial. We aimed to assess the levels and trends of the global burden of tuberculosis, with an emphasis on investigating differences in sex by HIV status for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We used a Bayesian hierarchical Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) platform to analyse 21 505 site-years of vital registration data, 705 site-years of verbal autopsy data, 825 site-years of sample-based vital registration data, and 680 site-years of mortality surveillance data to estimate mortality due to tuberculosis among HIV-negative individuals. We used a population attributable fraction approach to estimate mortality related to HIV and tuberculosis coinfection. A compartmental meta-regression tool (DisMod-MR 2.1) was then used to synthesise all available data sources, including prevalence surveys, annual case notifications, population-based tuberculin surveys, and tuberculosis cause-specific mortality, to produce estimates of incidence, prevalence, and mortality that were internally consistent. We further estimated the fraction of tuberculosis mortality that is attributable to independent effects of risk factors, including smoking, alcohol use, and diabetes, for HIV-negative individuals. For individuals with HIV and tuberculosis coinfection, we assessed mortality attributable to HIV risk factors including unsafe sex, intimate partner violence (only estimated among females), and injection drug use. We present 95% uncertainty intervals for all estimates. Findings: Globally, in 2019, among HIV-negative individuals, there were 1�18 million (95% uncertainty interval 1�08�1�29) deaths due to tuberculosis and 8�50 million (7�45�9�73) incident cases of tuberculosis. Among HIV-positive individuals, there were 217 000 (153 000�279 000) deaths due to tuberculosis and 1�15 million (1�01�1�32) incident cases in 2019. More deaths and incident cases occurred in males than in females among HIV-negative individuals globally in 2019, with 342 000 (234 000�425 000) more deaths and 1�01 million (0�82�1�23) more incident cases in males than in females. Among HIV-positive individuals, 6250 (1820�11 400) more deaths and 81 100 (63 300�100 000) more incident cases occurred among females than among males in 2019. Age-standardised mortality rates among HIV-negative males were more than two times greater in 105 countries and age-standardised incidence rates were more than 1�5 times greater in 74 countries than among HIV-negative females in 2019. The fraction of global tuberculosis deaths among HIV-negative individuals attributable to alcohol use, smoking, and diabetes was 4�27 (3�69�5�02), 6�17 (5�48�7�02), and 1�17 (1�07�1�28) times higher, respectively, among males than among females in 2019. Among individuals with HIV and tuberculosis coinfection, the fraction of mortality attributable to injection drug use was 2�23 (2�03�2�44) times greater among males than females, whereas the fraction due to unsafe sex was 1�06 (1�05�1�08) times greater among females than males. Interpretation: As countries refine national tuberculosis programmes and strategies to end the tuberculosis epidemic, the excess burden experienced by males is important. Interventions are needed to actively communicate, especially to men, the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. These interventions should occur in parallel with efforts to minimise excess HIV burden among women in the highest HIV burden countries that are contributing to excess HIV and tuberculosis coinfection burden for females. Placing a focus on tuberculosis burden among HIV-negative males and HIV and tuberculosis coinfection among females might help to diminish the overall burden of tuberculosis. This strategy will be crucial in reaching both equity and burden targets outlined by global health milestones. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. � 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseItem Burden of dengue, leishmaniasis and lymphatic filariasis in India and its states from 1990�2019: Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD 2019)(Public Library of Science, 2023-10-18T00:00:00) Dutta, Omprokash; Prasanth, Ajay; Kumari, Ashu; Akanksha, Kumari; Deeba, Farah; Salam, NasirVector-borne diseases such as dengue, leishmaniasis, and lymphatic filariasis, constitute significant sources of illness, disability, and mortality among the poor and vulnerable in many countries around the world, including India. Based on the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2019, we analyse the burden of dengue, leishmaniasis, and lymphatic filariasis, in India from 1990 to 2019. Over this period, there was a reduction in the burden of lymphatic filariasis and leishmaniasis. Notably, dengue emerged as the most common vector-borne disease, exhibiting high fatality rate above 15 years of age and the highest DALY within 15�49 age group. Additionally, dengue cases surged substantially between 1990 and 2019. Leishmaniasis related mortality and DALY declined in the year 2019 compared to the year 1990, with high mortality and DALY in the 0-49-year-old age group. For lymphatic filariasis, DALY was more pronounce among those in the 15�49-year age group, which underwent reduction in 2019. Males had a higher burden in other vector-borne diseases than females, although females had a slightly elevated dengue burden. These findings highlight the evolving epidemiological trends related to vector-borne diseases in India, over the last three decades and underline the critical significance of sustained efforts for the elimination and control of vector-borne diseases. � 2023 Dutta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Item Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections in HIV patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis(Nature Research, 2023-07-08T00:00:00) Akanksha, Kumari; Kumari, Ashu; Dutta, Omprokash; Prasanth, Ajay; Deeba, Farah; Salam, NasirSoil-transmitted Helminth (STH) infections have been found associated with people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but little is known about the overall burden of STH coinfection in HIV patients. We aimed to assess the burden of STH infections among HIV patients. Relevant databases were systematically searched for studies reporting the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthic pathogens in HIV patients. Pooled estimates of each helminthic infection were calculated. The odds ratio was also determined as a measure of the association between STH infection and the HIV status of the patients. Sixty-one studies were finally included in the meta-analysis, consisting of 16,203 human subjects from all over the world. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in HIV patients was found to be 8% (95% CI 0.06, 0.09), the prevalence of Trichuris trichiura infection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.06), the prevalence of hookworm infection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.06), and prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.05). Countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America & Caribbean and Asia were identified with the highest burden of STH-HIV coinfection. Our analysis indicated that people living with HIV have a higher chance of developing Strongyloides stercoralis infections and decreased odds of developing hookworm infections. Our findings suggest a moderate level of prevalence of STH infections among people living with HIV. The endemicity of STH infections and HIV status both are partially responsible for the burden of STH-HIV coinfections. � 2023, The Author(s).Item A meta-analysis on the prevalence of Taenia solium and Taenia saginata infections in India(Oxford University Press, 2023-04-20T00:00:00) Balodhi, Ashutosh; Jain, Khushi; Gupta, Palak; Deeba, Farah; Salam, NasirTapeworm infections in humans are considered to be a significant public health menace. Despite its public health importance, the data on tapeworm infection remains fragmented and underutilised. The present study reviews the overall burden and distribution of taeniasis and cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium and Taenia saginata in India by conducting a systematic review of the scientific literature based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data from 19 eligible articles were analysed and the prevalence of T. solium�associated taeniasis/cysticercosis was found to be 11.06% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.856 to 16.119) and the prevalence of T. saginata�associated taeniasis was found to be 4.7% (95% CI 3.301 to 6.301). This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a comprehensive analysis of the available literature on tapeworm infections and assesses the burden of Taenia infection from India, identifying areas of high prevalence requiring active surveillance and public health interventions. � The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.Item Prevalence of Pregnancy Associated Malaria in India(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-05-26T00:00:00) Jain, Khushi; Gupta, Palak; Balodhi, Ashutosh; Deeba, Farah; Salam, NasirMalaria in pregnancy is a major public health concern. It results in impaired maternal health and adversely effects fetal and perinatal outcomes. The present systematic review was conducted to assess the prevalence, distribution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in malaria infected females in India. A comprehensive search and review of PubMed and Web of Science based on PRISMA guidelines was carried out to find articles reporting prevalence of malaria in pregnant women from India. Data from 16 studies were analyzed and prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in India was found to be 11.4 % (95 % CI: 7.3, 16.3). Prevalence of malaria among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women was found to be 10.62% (95% CI: 6.05, 16.23) and 13.13% (95% CI: 7.2, 20.52), respectively. P. falciparum and P. vivax were both reported with in the same population. The geospatial distribution of malaria in pregnancy spanned over nine very populous states of India. The review also reported severe maternal and perinatal outcomes. Given the seriousness of malaria in pregnant women and its effects on the fetus and new-born, a stringent district wise guideline for early detection and prophylaxis in regions identified in this review will help in its better control. Copyright � 2022 Jain, Gupta, Balodhi, Deeba and Salam.