Department Of Human Genetics And Molecular Medicine
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/103
Browse
3 results
Search Results
Item Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021(Elsevier B.V., 2023-06-23T00:00:00) Ong, Kanyin Liane; Stafford, Lauryn K.; McLaughlin, Susan A.; Boyko, Edward J.; Vollset, Stein Emil; Smith, Amanda E.; Dalton, Bronte E.; Duprey, Joe; Cruz, Jessica A.; Hagins, Hailey; Lindstedt, Paulina A.; Aali, Amirali; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abate, Melsew Dagne; Abbasian, Mohammadreza; Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; ElHafeez, Samar Abd; Abd-Rabu, Rami; Abdulah, Deldar Morad; Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md; Abedi, Vida; Abidi, Hassan; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abu-Zaid, Ahmed; Adane, Tigist Demssew; Adane, Denberu Eshetie; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adegboye, Oyelola A.; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adepoju, Abiola Victor; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Afolabi, Rotimi Felix; Agarwal, Gina; Aghdam, Zahra Babaei; Agudelo-Botero, Marcela; Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera; Agyemang-Duah, Williams; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Rizwan; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Keivan; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Luai A.; Ahmed, Syed Anees; Ajami, Marjan; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz; AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali; Alalwan, Tariq A.; Al-Aly, Ziyad; AlBataineh, Mohammad T.; Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth; Alemi, Sharifullah; Ali, Hassam; Alinia, Tahereh; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Almustanyir, Sami; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Firehiwot; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Amiri, Sohrab; Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Ansar, Adnan; Ansari, Golnoosh; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Arabloo, Jalal; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.; Areda, Demelash; Arifin, Hidayat; Arkew, Mesay; Armocida, Benedetta; Arnlov, Johan; Artamonov, Anton A.; Arulappan, Judie; Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo; Arumugam, Ashokan; Aryan, Zahra; Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Askari, Elaheh; Asmelash, Daniel; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Athar, Mohammad; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Avila-Burgos, Leticia; Awaisu, Ahmed; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Darshan, B.B.; Babamohamadi, Hassan; Badar, Muhammad; Badawi, Alaa; Badiye, Ashish D.; Baghcheghi, Nayereh; Bagheri, Nasser; Bagherieh, Sara; Bah, Sulaiman; Bahadory, Saeed; Bai, Ruhai; Baig, Atif Amin; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Baradaran, Hamid Reza; Barchitta, Martina; Bardhan, Mainak; Barengo, Noel C.; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara; Barone-Adesi, Francesco; Barrow, Amadou; Bashiri, Hamideh; Basiru, Afisu; Basu, Sanjay; Basu, Saurav; Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad; Batra, Kavita; Bayih, Mulat Tirfie; Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew; Behnoush, Amir Hossein; Bekele, Alehegn Bekele; Belete, Melaku Ashagrie; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Belo, Luis; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Berhe, Kidanemaryam; Berhie, Alemshet Yirga; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhat, Ajay Nagesh; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Bikbov, Boris; Bilal, Faiq; Bintoro, Bagas Suryo; Bitaraf, Saeid; Bitra, Veera R.; Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna; Bodolica, Virginia; Boloor, Archith; Brauer, Michael; Brazo-Sayavera, Javier; Brenner, Hermann; Butt, Zahid A.; Calina, Daniela; Campos, Luciana Aparecida; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.; Cao, Yin; Cao, Chao; Car, Josip; Carvalho, Marcia; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Cerin, Ester; Chadwick, Joshua; Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K.; Chanie, Gashaw Sisay; Charan, Jaykaran; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chauhan, Kirti; Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad; Abebe, Endeshaw Chekol; Chen, Simiao; Cherbuin, Nicolas; Chichagi, Fatemeh; Chidambaram, Saravana Babu; Cho, William C. S.; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Chowdhury, Enayet Karim; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Coberly, Kaleb; Columbus, Alyssa; Contreras, Daniela; Cousin, Ewerton; Criqui, Michael H.; Cruz-Martins, Natalia; Cuschieri, Sarah; Dabo, Bashir; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura; Dandona, Rakhi; Dandona, Lalit; Das, Saswati; Dascalu, Ana Maria; Dash, Nihar Ranjan; Dashti, Mohsen; Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; De la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa; Debele, Gebiso Roba; Delpasand, Kourosh; Demisse, Fitsum Wolde; Demissie, Getu Debalkie; Deng, Xinlei; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar; Deo, Salil V.; Dervi�evi?, Emina; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw; Dessie, Anteneh Mengist; Desta, Fikreab; Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman; Dey, Sourav; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dhimal, Meghnath; Diao, Nancy; Diaz, Daniel; Dinu, Monica; Diress, Mengistie; Djalalinia, Shirin; Doan, Linh Phuong; Dongarwar, Deepa; dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter; Duncan, Bruce B.; Dutta, Siddhartha; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus; Elgendy, Islam Y.; Elhadi, Muhammed; El-Huneidi, Waseem; Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou; Elmonem, Mohamed A.; Endeshaw, Destaw; Esayas, Hawi Leul; Eshetu, Habitu Birhan; Etaee, Farshid; Fadhil, Ibtihal; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fahim, Ayesha; Falahi, Shahab; Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud; Farrokhpour, Hossein; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fazli, Ghazal; Feng, Xiaoqi; Ferede, Tomas Y.; Fischer, Florian; Flood, David; Forouhari, Ali; Foroumadi, Roham; Koudehi, Masoumeh Foroutan; Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji; Gaihre, Santosh; Gaipov, Abduzhappar; Galali, Yaseen; Ganesan, Balasankar; Garcia-Gordillo, M.A.; Gautam, Rupesh K.; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Getacher, Lemma; Ghadirian, Fataneh; Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi; Nour, Mohammad Ghasemi; Ghassemi, Fariba; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Golinelli, Davide; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh; Guan, Shi-Yang; Gudayu, Temesgen Worku; Guimaraes, Rafael Alves; Guled, Rashid Abdi; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Kartik; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gyawali, Bishal; Haddadi, Rasool; Hadi, Najah R.; Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher; Hajibeygi, Ramtin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Halwani, Rabih; Hamidi, Samer; Hankey, Graeme J.; Hannan, Md Abdul; Haque, Shafiul; Harandi, Hamid; Harlianto, Netanja I.; Mahmudul Hasan, S.M.; Hasan, Syed Shahzad; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassen, Mohammed Bheser; Haubold, Johannes; Hayat, Khezar; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari, Mohammad; Hessami, Kamran; Hiraike, Yuta; Holla, Ramesh; Hossain, Sahadat; Hossain, Md Shakhaoat; Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hosseinzadeh, Hassan; Huang, Junjie; Huda, Md Nazmul; Hussain, Salman; Huynh, Hong-Han; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ikeda, Nayu; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Iqbal, Afrin; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islam, Rakibul M.; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Iso, Hiroyasu; Isola, Gaetano; Itumalla, Ramaiah; Iwagami, Masao; Iwu, Chidozie C. D.; Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi; Iyasu, Assefa N.; Jacob, Louis; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Jahrami, Haitham; Jain, Rajesh; Jaja, Chinwe; Jamalpoor, Zahra; Jamshidi, Elham; Janakiraman, Balamurugan; Jayanna, Krishnamurthy; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jayawardena, Ranil; Jebai, Rime; Jeong, Wonjeong; Jin, Yinzi; Jokar, Mohammad; Jonas, Jost B.; Joseph, Nitin; Joseph, Abel; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Kaambwa, Billingsley; Kabir, Ali; Kabthymer, Robel Hussen; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kahe, Farima; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kandel, Himal; Karanth, Shama D.; Karaye, Ibraheem M.; Karkhah, Samad; Katoto, Patrick D. M. C.; Kaur, Navjot; Kazemian, Sina; Kebede, Sewnet Adem; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalaji, Amirmohammad; Khan, Moien A. B.; Khan, Maseer; Khan, Ajmal; Khanal, Saval; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khater, Amir M.; Khateri, Sorour; Khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kibret, Biruk Getahun; Kim, Min Seo; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kisa, Adnan; Kivimaki, Mika; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Komaki, Somayeh; Kompani, Farzad; Koohestani, Hamid Reza; Korzh, Oleksii; Kostev, Karel; Kothari, Nikhil; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kuddus, Md Abdul; Kumar, Rakesh; Kumar, Harish; Kundu, Satyajit; Kurniasari, Maria Dyah; Kuttikkattu, Ambily; Vecchia, Carlo La; Lallukka, Tea; Larijani, Bagher; Larsson, Anders O.; Latief, Kamaluddin; Lawal, Basira Kankia; Le, Thao Thi Thu; Le, Trang Thi Bich; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Paul H.; Lee, Sang-Woong; Lee, Seung Won; Legesse, Samson Mideksa; Lenzi, Jacopo; Li, Yongze; Li, Ming-Chieh; Lim, Stephen S.; Lim, Lee-Ling; Liu, Xuefeng; Liu, Chaojie; Lo, Chun-Han; Lopes, Graciliana; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lozano, Rafael; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Maghazachi, Azzam A.; Mahasha, Phetole Walter; Mahjoub, Soleiman; Mahmoud, Mansour Adam; Mahmoudi, Razzagh; Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh; Mai, Anh Tuan; Majeed, Azeem; Sanaye, Pantea Majma; Makris, Konstantinos Christos; Malhotra, Kashish; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Malik, Iram; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamun, Abdullah A.; Mansouri, Borhan; Marateb, Hamid Reza; Mardi, Parham; Martini, Santi; Martorell, Miquel; Marzo, Roy Rillera; Masoudi, Reza; Masoudi, Sahar; Mathews, Elezebeth; Maugeri, Andrea; Mazzaglia, Giampiero; Mekonnen, Teferi; Meshkat, Mahboobeh; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Jonasson, Junmei Miao; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Minh, Le Huu Nhat; Mini, G.K.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Mirfakhraie, Reza; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad; Misganaw, Awoke; Misgina, Kebede Haile; Mishra, Manish; Moazen, Babak; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Mohammadi, Esmaeil; Mohammadi, Mohsen; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammadshahi, Marita; Mohseni, Alireza; Mojiri-Forushani, Hoda; Mokdad, Ali H.; Momtazmanesh, Sara; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moniruzzaman, Md; Mons, Ute; Montazeri, Fateme; Ghalibaf, AmirAli Moodi; Moradi, Yousef; Moradi, Maryam; Sarabi, Mostafa Moradi; Morovatdar, Negar; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Morze, Jakub; Mossialos, Elias; Mostafavi, Ebrahim; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mulita, Francesk; Mulita, Admir; Murillo-Zamora, Efren; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Mwita, Julius C.; Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad; Naghavi, Mohsen; Nainu, Firzan; Nair, Tapas Sadasivan; Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid; Nangia, Vinay; Nargus, Shumaila; Naser, Abdallah Y.; Nassereldine, Hasan; Natto, Zuhair S.; Nauman, Javaid; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Ndejjo, Rawlance; Negash, Hadush; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien; Nguyen, Dang H.; Nguyen, Phat Tuan; Nguyen, Van Thanh; Nguyen, Hien Quang; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nigatu, Yeshambel T.; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nizam, Muhammad A.; Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles; Noreen, Mamoona; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Oancea, Bogdan; Odogwu, Nkechi Martina; Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade; Ojha, Vivek Anand; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel; Okwute, Patrick Godwin; Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa; Onwujekwe, Obinna E.; Ordak, Michal; Ortiz, Alberto; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi; Oulhaj, Abderrahim; Owolabi, Mayowa O.; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Palladino, Raffaele; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Ashok; Pandey, Anamika; Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R.; Stoian, Anca Mihaela Pantea; Pardhan, Shahina; Parekh, Tarang; Parekh, Utsav; Pasovic, Maja; Patel, Jay; Patel, Jenil R.; Paudel, Uttam; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Pereira, Marcos; Perico, Norberto; Perna, Simone; Petcu, Ionela-Roxana; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily; Podder, Vivek; Postma, Maarten J.; Pourali, Ghazaleh; Pourtaheri, Naeimeh; Prates, Elton Junio Sady; Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd; Qattea, Ibrahim; Raee, Pourya; Rafique, Ibrar; Rahimi, Mehran; Rahimifard, Mahban; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Md Obaidur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Md Mosfequr; Rahmani, Mohamed; Rahmani, Shayan; Rahmanian, Vahid; Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum; Rahnavard, Niloufar; Rajbhandari, Bibek; Ram, Pradhum; Ramazanu, Sheena; Rana, Juwel; Rancic, Nemanja; Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz; Rao, Chythra R.; Rapaka, Deepthi; Rasali, Drona Prakash; Rashedi, Sina; Rashedi, Vahid; Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Ratan, Zubair Ahmed; Rawaf, Salman; Rawal, Lal; Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Reyes, Luis Felipe; Rezaei, Nima; Rezaei, Nazila; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Rezazadeh, Hossein; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Rias, Yohanes Andy; Riaz, Muhammad; Ribeiro, Daniela; Rodrigues, Monica; Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia; Roever, Leonardo; Rohloff, Peter; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Roustazadeh, Abazar; Rwegerera, Godfrey M.; Saad, Aly M. A.; Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed; Sabour, Siamak; Sabzmakan, Leila; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Erfan; Saeed, Umar; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Safi, Sare; Safi, Sher Zaman; Saghazadeh, Amene; Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb; Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop; Sahoo, Harihar; Saif-Ur-Rahman, K.M.; Sajid, Mirza Rizwan; Salahi, Sarvenaz; Salahi, Saina; Saleh, Mohamed A.; Salehi, Mohammad Amin; Salomon, Joshua A.; Sanabria, Juan; Sanjeev, Rama Krishna; Sanmarchi, Francesco; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.; Sarasmita, Made Ary; Sargazi, Saman; Sathian, Brijesh; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Sawhney, Monika; Schlaich, Markus P.; Schmidt, Maria Ines; Schuermans, Art; Seidu, Abdul-Aziz; Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Sethi, Yashendra; Seylani, Allen; Shabany, Maryam; Shafaghat, Tahereh; Shafeghat, Melika; Shafie, Mahan; Shah, Nilay S.; Shahid, Samiah; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shanawaz, Mohd; Shannawaz, Mohammed; Sharfaei, Sadaf; Shashamo, Bereket Beyene; Shiri, Rahman; Shittu, Aminu; Shivakumar, K.M.; Shivalli, Siddharudha; Shobeiri, Parnian; Shokri, Fereshteh; Shuval, Kerem; Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen; Silva, Luis Manuel Lopes Rodrigues; Simpson, Colin R.; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Singh, Paramdeep; Singh, Surjit; Siraj, Md Shahjahan; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun; Soleimani, Hamidreza; Solikhah, Solikhah; Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh; Somayaji, Ranjani; Sorensen, Reed J. D.; Starodubova, Antonina V.; Sujata, Sujata; Suleman, Muhammad; Sun, Jing; Sundstr�m, Johan; Tabar�s-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad; Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir; Tabish, Mohammad; Taheri, Majid; Taheri, Ensiyeh; Taki, Elahe; Tamuzi, Jacques J. L. Lukenze; Tan, Ker-Kan; Tat, Nathan Y.; Taye, Birhan Tsegaw; Temesgen, Worku Animaw; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Tesler, Riki; Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thapa, Rajshree; Tharwat, Samar; Thomas, Nihal; Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera; Tiyuri, Amir; Tonelli, Marcello; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Trico, Domenico; Trihandini, Indang; Tripathy, Jaya Prasad; Tromans, Samuel Joseph; Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim; Tufa, Derara Girma; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Ullah, Sana; Upadhyay, Era; Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad; Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj; Valizadeh, Rohollah; van Daalen, Kim Robin; Vart, Priya; Varthya, Shoban Babu; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Vaziri, Siavash; Verma, Madhur Verma; Verras, Georgios-Ioannis; Vo, Danh Cao; Wagaye, Birhanu; Waheed, Yasir; Wang, Ziyue; Wang, Yanqing; Wang, Cong; Wang, Fang; Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse; Wei, Melissa Y. Wei; Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay; Westerman, Ronny; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Wu, YiFan; Wulandari, Ratna D. W. I.; Xia, Juan; Xiao, Hong; Xu, Suowen; Xu, Xiaoyue; Yada, Dereje Y.; Yang, Lin; Yatsuya, Hiroshi; Yesiltepe, Metin; Yi, Siyan; Yohannis, Hunachew Kibret; Yonemoto, Naohiro; You, Yuyi; Zaman, Sojib Bin; Zamora, Nelson; Zare, Iman; Zarea, Kourosh; Zarrintan, Armin; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zeru, Naod Gebrekrstos; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhong, Chenwen; Zhou, Jingjing; Zieli?ska, Magdalena; Zikarg, Yossef Teshome; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zoladl, Mohammad; Zou, Zhiyong; Zumla, Alimuddin; Zuniga, Yves Miel H.; Magliano, Dianna J.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Hay, Simon I.; Vos, TheoBackground: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. Findings: In 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500�564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6�1% (5�8�6�5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9�3% [8�7�9�9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12�3% [11�5�13�0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76�1% (73�1�79�5) in individuals aged 75�79 years. Total diabetes prevalence�especially among older adults�primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96�0% (95�1�96�8) of diabetes cases and 95�4% (94�9�95�9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52�2% (25�5�71�8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24�3% (18�5�30�4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1�31 billion (1�22�1�39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16�8% (16�1�17�6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11�3% (10�8�11�9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43�6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. Interpretation: Diabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. � 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseItem PPARG and ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms increase type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in Asian Indian Sikhs: Pro12Ala still remains as the strongest predictor(2010) Sanghera, D.K.; Demirci, F.Y.; Been, L.; Ortega, L.; Ralhan, S.; Wander, G.S.; Mehra, N.K.; Singh, J.; Aston, C.E.; Mulvihill, J.J.; Kamboh, I.M.We have examined the association of 14 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-? transcripts 1 and 2 (PPARG1 and 2) and 5 tagSNPs in adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes for their effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) risk in Asian Indian Sikhs. A total of 554 T2D cases and 527 normoglycemic controls were examined for association with T2D and other subphenotypes of T2D. With the exception of a strong association of PPARG2/Pro12Ala with T2D (odds ratio, 0.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.56; P = .0007), no other tagSNP in the PPARG locus revealed any significant association with T2D in this population. Similarly, none of the tagSNPs in the ADIPOQ gene was associated with T2D susceptibility in single-site analysis. However, haplotype analysis provided strong evidence of association of these loci with T2D. Three-site haplotype analysis in the PPARG locus using the 2 marginally associated SNPs (P/rs11715073 and P/rs3892175) in combination with Pro12 Ala (P/rs1801282) revealed a strong association of 1 "risk" (CGC) (P = .003, permutation P = .015) and 1 "protective" (CAC) (P = .001, permutation P = .005) haplotype associated with T2D. However, the major effect still appears to be driven by Pro12Ala, as the association of these haplotypes did not remain significant when analyzed conditional upon Pro12Ala (P = .262). In addition, 2-site haplotype analysis in the ADIPOQ locus using only 2 marginally associated SNPs (AD/rs182052 and AD/rs7649121) revealed a significant protective association of the GA haplotype with T2D (P = .009, permutation P = .026). Multiple linear regression analysis also revealed significant association of an ADIPOQ variant (AD/rs12495941) with total body weight (P = .010), waist (P = .024), and hip (P = .021), although these associations were not significant after adjusting for multiple testing. Our new findings strongly suggest that the genetic variation in PPARG and ADIPOQ loci could contribute to the risk for the development of T2D in Indian Sikhs. Identification of causal SNPs in these important biological and positional candidate genes would help determine the true physiologic significance of these loci in T2D and obesity. ? 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Association of GABRA6 1519 T>C (rs3219151) and Synapsin II (rs37733634) gene polymorphisms with the development of idiopathic generalized epilepsy(Elsevier, 2014) Prasad, D.K.V.; Shaheen, U.; Satyanarayana, U.; Prabha, T.S.; Jyothy, A.; Munshi, A.The idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is a neurological disorder which accounts for approximately 30% of all epilepsy cases. Patients identified with IGE syndromes have pharmacoresponsive epilepsies without abnormal neurological symptoms, structural brain lesions and are of unknown origin. A genetic etiology to IGEs has been proposed. Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter acts by binding to transmembrane GABAA and GABAB receptors of both pre- and postsynaptic neurons. Synapsin II (SynII), a neuron specific phosphoprotein plays a major role in synaptogenesis and neurotransmitter release. The present study was carried out with an aim to evaluate the association of GABRA6 (rs3219151) T>C and Syn II (rs37733634) A>G gene polymorphisms with IGE. Molecular analysis revealed that the frequency of 'CC' genotype and 'C'allele of GABRA6 (rs3219151) T>C gene polymorphism was significantly higher in IGE patients compared to healthy controls [CC vs. TT, ?2=26; p<0.001; Odds ratio=3.6 (95% CI; 2.1-5.9); C vs T, ?2=24.7; p<0.001; Odds ratio=1.78 (95% CI; 1.4-2.2)]. The frequency of 'GG' genotype and 'G' allele of the intronic polymorphism A>G in Syn II gene was also found to be significantly associated with the disease when compared to controls [GG vs AA, ?2=64.52; p<0.001; Odds ratio=7.37 (95% CI; 4.4-12.3); G vs. A, ?2=65.78; p<0.001; Odds ratio=2.57 (95% CI; 2.0-3.2)]. The generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method was employed to detect gene-gene interactions. The gene-gene interaction at two loci involving GABRA6 and Syn II revealed a significant association [?2=36.6, p<0.001, Odds ratio=3.17 (95% CI; 2.2-4.6)] with IGE. Therefore, the present study clearly indicates that both GABRA6 (rs3219151) T>C and Syn II (rs37733634) A>G polymorphisms are important risk factors for the development of IGE in the South Indian population from Andhra Pradesh. The gene-gene interaction studies demonstrated significant interactive effects of these two loci in the development of the disease. ? 2014 Elsevier B.V.