Department Of Human Genetics And Molecular Medicine

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ACE-Triggered Hypertension Incites Stroke: Genetic, Molecular, and Therapeutic Aspects
(Springer, 2019) Vasudeva K.; Balyan R.; Munshi A.
Stroke is the second largest cause of death worldwide. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has emerged as an important player in the pathogenesis of hypertension and consequently stroke. It encodes ACE enzyme that converts the inactive decapeptide angiotensin I to active octapeptide, angiotensin II (Ang II). Dysregulation in the expression of ACE gene, on account of genetic variants or regulation by miRNAs, alters the levels of ACE in the circulation. Variable expression of ACE affects the levels of Ang II. Ang II acts through different signal transduction pathways via various tyrosine kinases (receptor/non-receptor) and protein serine/threonine kinases, initiating a downstream cascade of molecular events. In turn these activated molecular pathways might lead to hypertension and inflammation thereby resulting in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases including stroke. In order to regulate the overexpression of ACE, many ACE inhibitors and blockers have been developed, some of which are still under clinical trials.
Advanced molecular therapies for neurological diseases: focus on stroke, alzheimer's disease, and parkinson's disease
(Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l., 2022-09-06T00:00:00) Katta, Madhumitha; Mathew, Blessy Aksa; Chaturvedi, Pragya; Ludhiadch, Abhilash; Munshi, Anjana
Neurological diseases (NDs) are one of the leading causes of disability and the second leading cause of death globally. Among these stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common NDs. A rise in the absolute number of individuals affected with these diseases indicates that the current treatment strategies in management and prevention of these debilitating diseases are not effective sufficiently. Therefore, novel treatment strategies are being explored to cure these diseases by addressing the causative mechanisms at the molecular level. Advanced therapies like gene therapy (gene editing and gene silencing) and stem cell therapies aim to cure diseases by gene editing, gene silencing and tissue regeneration, respectively. Gene editing results in the deletion of the aberrant gene or insertion of the corrected gene which can be executed using the CRISPR/Cas gene editing tool a promising treatment strategy being explored for many other prevalent diseases. Gene silencing using siRNA silences the gene by inhibiting protein translation, thereby silencing its expression. Stem cell therapy aims to regenerate damaged cells or tissues because of their ability to divide into any type of cell in the human body. Among these approaches, gene editing and gene silencing have currently been applied in vitro and to animal models, while stem cell therapy has reached the clinical trial stage for the treatment of NDs. The current status of these strategies suggests a promising outcome in their clinical translation. � 2022, Fondazione Societ� Italiana di Neurologia.
ALK and ERBB2 Protein Inhibition is Involved in the Prevention of Lung Cancer Development by Vincamine
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023-04-13T00:00:00) Verma, Aarti; Yadav, Poonam; Rajput, Sonu; Verma, Saloni; Arora, Sahil; Kumar, Raj; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Khurana, Amit; Navik, Umashanker
Background: According to the WHO report of 2022, 2.21 million new cases and 1.80 million deaths were reported for lung cancer in the year 2020. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore novel, safe, and effective therapeutic interventions for lung cancer. Objective: To find the potential targets of vincamine using a network pharmacology approach and docking studies and to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of vincamine on A549 cell line. Methods: Hence, in the present study, we explored the anti-cancer potential of vincamine by using network pharma-cology, molecular docking, and in vitro approaches. Network pharmacology demonstrated that the most common targets of vincamine are G-protein coupled receptors, cytosolic proteins, and enzymes. Among these targets, two targets, ALK and ERBB2 protein, were common between vincamine and non-small cell lung cancer. Results: We discovered a link between these two targets and their companion proteins, as well as cancer-related pathways. In addition, a docking investigation between the ligand for vincamine and two targeted genes revealed a strong affinity toward these targeted proteins. Further, the in vitro study demonstrated that vincamine treatment for 72 h led to dose-dependent (0-500 ?M) cytotoxicity on the A549 lung cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 291.7 ??. The wound-healing assay showed that vincamine treatment (150 and 300 ?M) significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion. Interestingly, acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining demonstrated that vincamine treatment induces apoptosis in A549 cells. Additionally, the dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay showed an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after the vincamine treatment, indicating ROS-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells. Conclusion: Altogether, based on our findings, we hypothesize that vincamine-induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells via ALK and ERBB2 protein modulation may be an attractive futuristic strategy for managing lung cancer in combination with chemotherapeutic agents to obtain synergistic effects with reduced side effects. � 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
Alternative pathways for glucose metabolism
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Senapati, S.
Glucose metabolism through glycolysis is one of the most fundamental biochemical processes that take place in every living cell. Different enzymes involved in glycolysis are well conserved among different organisms. Pyruvic acid is the end product of glycolysis that either enters into the mitochondria to participate in Krebs cycle to generate ATPs or under anaerobic condition get converted into lactate. However, in some tissues pyruvate may convert back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) through gluconeogenesis. Parallel to these basic pathways of glucose metabolism, other alternative pathways also exist to perform specialized functions of cells. Three such major alternative pathways are Pentose phosphate pathway, Glucuronic acid pathway and Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Pentose phosphate pathway is an essential and universal pathway which converts glucose 6-phosphate to ribose 5- phosphate that serves as sole source of pentose sugar for DNA synthesis. Glucose 6-phosphate also serves as primary molecule that enters into Gluconic acid pathway to generate UDP-gluconate which helps in detoxification of foreign chemicals and synthesis of Mucopolysaccharides. Entner-Doudoroff pathway also converts glucose into pyruvate and acts as alternative to glycolysis in lower organisms. These three pathways also produces NADPH/H+ which play significant role in fatty acid metabolism and steroid synthesis. ? 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Analysis of exonic region of PCNT gene in Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II subjects
(Central University of Punjab, 2018) Gupta, Neha; Khetarpal, Preeti
MOPD II is an autosomal recessive disorder. It is characterised by the presence of intra uterine growth retardation as well as post natal growth retardation. The adult height is not more than 100 cm. It has been found that mutation in PCNT gene is associated with MOPD II. The cytogenetic location of this gene is 21q22.3 and it contains 47 exons. It encodes for PCNT protein which is a very large coiled scaffold protein and helps in microtubule polymerisation ensuring proper cell division. Till date 74 mutations have been identified this includes deletion, stop, frame shift and non sense mutation. The present study was carried out to analyse the exonic region of PCNT gene in Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II subjects. As it is an autosomal rescessive disorder both male and female were equally affected. The study included three subjects diagnosed with MOPD II .The DNA was extracted from whole blood and was amplified using locus specific primers. The products were sequenced using Sanger sequencing and were analysed. Total 12 variants were detected and 2 of which were pathogenic and 2 were synonymous and remaining 8 were polymorphic variants. 3 were present in exon 44 and 1 in exon 31 .These 3 variants were found to be present in all four subjects while 1 was present in only one subject. Change in nucleotide sequence may produce deleterious affect which is needed to be explored along with the complete structure of PCNT protein.
Analysis of PCNT gene coding sequence in subjects with Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II
(Central University of Punjab, 2018) Gautam, Saksham; Khetarpal,Preeti
Pericentrin (PCNT) is a main scaffold protein of Centrosome. It is encoded by PCNT gene which comprises of 47 exons and its cytogenetic location is 21q22.3. PCNT is a large protein containing 3336 amino acids. In PCNT protein two coiled-coil domains are bounded by a non-coiled region. Various mutations like non-sense, stop and deletion in PCNT are linked with human disorder Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II (MOPDII). The current project was carried out with an objective to analyze the coding region of PCNT gene among MOPDII patients. The DNA extracted from blood was amplified using locus specific primers for 30 exons of PCNT gene. Amplified PCR products were sequenced using chain termination method and obtained sequence contigs were then analyzed by comparing with reference sequence. After analyzing - exon sequence contigs in 3 subjects, 17 variants were identified. There is need to amplify remaining 17 exons of PCNT gene for the identification of novel mutation in subjects with MOPDII. Homozygous or compound heterozygous PCNT mutation could not be identified in our study in the PCNT coding region covered
Analysis of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine gene variants and serum cytokine levels as prognostic markers in breast cancer
(Wiley online Library, 2018) Kaur, R; P., Vasudeva, K.; Singla, H; Benipal, R. P. S; Khetarpal, Preeti; Munshi, Anjana
Analysis of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine gene variants and serum cytokine levels as prognostic markers in breast cancer
(Wiley, 2018) Kaur, Raman Preet; Vasudeva, Kanika; Singla, Heena; Benipal, Raja Paramjeet Singh; Khetarpal, Preeti; Munshi, Anjana
The aim of current study was to evaluate the genetic variation in all the genes encoding pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in association with breast cancer development in patients from Malwa region of Punjab. The importance of the levels of interleukin (IL)‐17, tumor necrosis factor, interferon γ, IL‐10, IL‐6, IL‐4, and IL‐2 with respect to clinicopathological data, prognosis, and disease‐free survival was also determined in these patients. Two hundred and fifty female breast cancer patients and 250 age‐matched controls were screened for variations in cytokine‐encoding genes using global screening array microchip and PCR‐RFLP. The level of cytokines was estimated in 150 patients and 60 age‐matched controls using BD™ Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Human Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine kit by BD Accuri flow cytometer. The difference in cytokine levels was evaluated by Mann–Whitney test. No significant variation in the genes encoding various cytokines was found between patients and controls. Out of the seven cytokines evaluated, the levels of IL‐6 and IL‐17a were found to be significantly high in patients in comparison with controls ( p = 0.001 and 0.02, respectively). The elevated levels of these cytokines are also associated significantly with poor outcome. We did not find any specific variation in the genes encoding various cytokines between patients and controls. However, there was a significant difference in the serum levels of IL‐6 and IL‐17a between patients and controls, and the elevated levels of these two cytokines associated significantly with poor outcome in breast cancer patients and, therefore, can be used as prognostic markers.
Apert's syndrome: Study by whole exome sequencing
(Chongqing yi ke da xue, di 2 lin chuang xue yuan Bing du xing gan yan yan jiu suo, 2018) Munshi, Anjana; Khetarpal, Preeti; Das, Satrupa; Rao, Venkateshwar; Valecha, Monica; Bansal, Manita; Kumar, Roshan
In the present study we attempted a parent-child trio, whole exome sequencing (WES) approach to study Apert's syndrome. Clinical characteristics of the child were noted down and WES was carried out using Ion Torrent System that revealed the presence of previously reported P253R mutation in FGFR2 gene. Presence of two SNPs rs1047057 and rs554851880 in FGFR2 gene with an allelic frequency of 0.5113 and 0.001176 respectively and 161 complete damaging mutations were found. This study is the first reported case of exome sequencing approach on an Apert's syndrome patient aimed at providing better genetic counselling in a non-consanguineous relationship. - 2017 Chongqing Medical University
Apert’s syndrome: study by whole exome sequencing
(Elsevier, 2017) Munshi, Anjana; Khetarpal, Preeti; Das, Satrupa; Rao, Venkateshwar; Valecha, Monica; Bansal, Vanita; Kumar, Roshan
In the present study we attempted a parent-child trio, whole exome sequencing (WES) approach to study Apert’s syndrome. Clinical characteristics of the child were noted down and WES was carried out using Ion Torrent System that revealed the presence of previously reported P253R mutation in FGFR2 gene. Presence of two SNPs rs1047057 and rs554851880 in FGFR2 gene with an allelic frequency of 0.5113 and 0.001176 respectively and 161 complete damaging mutations were found. This study is the first reported case of exome sequencing approach on an Apert’s syndrome patient aimed at providing better genetic counseling in a non-consanguineous relationship.
APOC3 genetic variation, serum triglycerides, and risk of coronary artery disease in Asian Indians, Europeans, and other ethnic groups
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2021-09-21T00:00:00) Goyal, Shiwali; Tanigawa, Yosuke; Zhang, Weihua; Chai, Jin-Fang; Almeida, Marcio; Sim, Xueling; Lerner, Megan; Chainakul, Juliane; Ramiu, Jonathan Garcia; Seraphin, Chanel; Apple, Blair; Vaughan, April; Muniu, James; Peralta, Juan; Lehman, Donna M.; Ralhan, Sarju; Wander, Gurpreet S.; Singh, Jai Rup; Mehra, Narinder K.; Sidorov, Evgeny; Peyton, Marvin D.; Blackett, Piers R.; Curran, Joanne E.; Tai, E. Shyong; van Dam, Rob; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Duggirala, Ravindranath; Blangero, John; Chambers, John C.; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Kooner, Jaspal S.; Rivas, Manuel A.; Aston, Christopher E.; Sanghera, Dharambir K.
Background: Hypertriglyceridemia has emerged as a critical coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor. Rare loss-of-function (LoF) variants in apolipoprotein C-III have been reported to reduce triglycerides (TG) and are cardioprotective in American Indians and Europeans. However, there is a lack of data in other Europeans and non-Europeans. Also, whether genetically increased plasma TG due to ApoC-III is causally associated with increased CAD risk is still unclear and inconsistent. The objectives of this study were to verify the cardioprotective role of earlier reported six�LoF variants of APOC3 in South Asians and other multi-ethnic cohorts and to evaluate the causal association of TG raising common variants for increasing CAD risk. Methods: We performed gene-centric and Mendelian randomization analyses and evaluated the role of genetic variation encompassing APOC3 for affecting circulating TG and the risk for developing CAD. Results: One rare LoF variant (rs138326449) with a 37% reduction in TG was associated with lowered risk for CAD in Europeans (p�= 0.007), but we could not confirm this association in Asian Indians (p�= 0.641).�Our data could not validate the cardioprotective role of other five LoF�variants analysed. A common variant rs5128 in the APOC3 was strongly associated with elevated TG levels showing a p-value 2.8 � 10? 424. Measures of plasma ApoC-III in a small subset of Sikhs revealed a 37% increase in ApoC-III concentrations among homozygous mutant carriers than the wild-type carriers of rs5128. A genetically instrumented per 1SD increment of plasma TG level of 15 mg/dL would cause a mild increase (3%) in the risk for CAD (p�= 0.042). Conclusions: Our results highlight the challenges of inclusion of rare variant information in clinical risk assessment and the generalizability of implementation of ApoC-III inhibition for treating atherosclerotic disease. More studies would be needed to confirm whether genetically raised TG and ApoC-III concentrations would increase CAD risk. � 2021, The Author(s).
Apolipoprotein C3 gene polymorphisms in Southern Indian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
(Springer, 2014) Munshi, Anjana
Aim Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world today. A previous study has suggested an association of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) gene variants with the risk of NAFLD in Asian Indian men living in the Western regions. The present study was carried out with an aim to evaluate the association of demographic features, serum lipid profile and APOC3 gene variants (C-482T and T-455C) NAFLD. Methods One hundred and fifty NAFLD patients and 150 age and gender-matched controls were included in the study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to detect the genotypes of APOC3. Serum lipid profile was analyzed. Results In the present study, body mass index was not a predictive demographic marker for NAFLD. Serum triglycerides were higher in patients (mean 155.95 ± 59.0) with NAFLD compared to the control group (mean 133.75 ± 44.71) (p = 0.016). APOC3 gene polymorphism T-455C (rs2854116) was significantly associated with NAFLD (p = 0.001). However, we did not find a significant association of C-482T polymorphism (rs2854117) of APOC3 gene with NAFLD. Genotype -455C/C of the SNP, rs2854116 associated significantly with the elevated serum triglycerides in patients. Conclusions The polymorphism T-455C in APOC3 gene and elevated serum triglycerides were associated with NAFLD.
Apoptotic and antimetastatic effect of cucurbitacins in cancer: recent trends and advancement
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-04-03T00:00:00) Kumar, Ajay; Sharma, Bunty; Sharma, Ujjawal; Parashar, Gaurav; Parashar, Nidarshana Chaturvedi; Rani, Isha; Ramniwas, Seema; Kaur, Satwinderjeet; Haque, Shafiul; Tuli, Hardeep Singh
The Cucurbitaceae family produces a class of secondary metabolites known as cucurbitacins. The eight cucurbitacin subunits are cucurbitacin B, D, E, I, IIa, L glucoside, Q, and R with the most significant anticancer activity. They are reported to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; induce apoptosis; and encourage cell cycle arrest, as some of their modes of action. The JAK-STAT3, Wnt, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways, which are essential for the survival and apoptosis of cancer cells, have also been shown to be suppressed by cucurbitacins. The goal of the current study is to summarize potential molecular targets that cucurbitacins could inhibit in order to suppress various malignant processes. The review is noteworthy since it presents all putative molecular targets for cucurbitacins in cancer on a single podium. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Artificial Intelligence Bringing Newer Paradigms in the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Psoriasis
(Springer, 2023-10-04T00:00:00) Sharma, Ravi Kant; Sharma, Manu Rashmi; Mahendra, Aneet; Sharma, Ujjawal; Singh, Simranjit; Ramniwas, Seema; Sharma, Anil Kumar
Purpose of Review: As we know, psoriasis is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin condition due to aberrant immune response which is characterized by clearly demarcated red or pink thick raised skin plaques sometimes covered with dry thin silvery white scales, formed due to the cytokine-driven hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes. The abnormal functioning of immune-inflammatory pathways can cause various systemic conditions including cardiovascular diseases, chronic renal disease, and metabolic syndrome. Recent Findings: In comparison to other dermatological conditions, psoriasis has greater impact on the mental health of patients leading to increased risk of psychiatric comorbidities such as depression and anxiety.�The Articial intellingence could automate the analysis and provide contextual relevance, enhance clinical reliability,�assist the clinicians in communicating objectively, minimize human fatigue related errors, decrease mortality rates,�save medical expenditures and help in easy and early diagnosis of diseases including psoriasis. Summary: Therefore, development of better approaches for the diagnosis of psoriasis and determination of its classification type and severity are necessary for disease control and management and are the need of the hour. The artificial intelligence (AI) applications in medicine and healthcare are recently emerging due to advanced computing technologies and availability of abundant data on a variety of diseases including psoriasis. Hence, AI will certainly be a boon for the early detection and management of psoriasis patients necessitating further research in this area. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Assessment and identification of bioactive metabolites from terrestrial Lyngbya spp. responsible for antioxidant, antifungal, and anticancer activities
(Institute for Ionics, 2023-09-09T00:00:00) Verma, Shaloo; Suman, Prabhat; Mandal, Somnath; Kumar, Roshan; Sahana, Nandita; Siddiqui, Nahid; Chakdar, Hillol
Lyngbya from fresh and marine water produces an array of pharmaceutically bioactive therapeutic compounds. However, Lyngbya from agricultural soil is still poorly investigated. Hence, in this study, the bioactive potential of different Lyngbya spp. extract was explored. Intracellular petroleum ether extract of L. hieronymusii K81 showed the highest phenolic content (626.22 � 0.65 ?g GAEs g?1 FW), while intracellular ethyl acetate extract of L. aestuarii K97 (74.02 � 0.002 mg QEs g?1 FW) showed highest flavonoid content. Highest free radical scavenging activity in terms of ABTS�+ was recorded in intracellular methanolic extract of Lyngbya sp. K5 (97.85 � 0.068%), followed by L. wollei K80 (97.22 � 0.059%) while highest DPPH� radical scavenging activity observed by intracellular acetone extract of Lyngbya sp. K5 (54.59 � 0.165%). All the extracts also showed variable degrees of antifungal activities against Fusarium udum, F. oxysporum ciceris, Colletotrichum capsici, and Rhizoctonia solani. Further, extract of L. wollei K80 and L. aestuarii K97 showed potential anticancer activities against MCF7 (breast cancer) cell lines. GC-MS analyses of intracellular methanolic extract of L. wollei K80 showed the dominance of PUFAs with 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z) as the most abundant bioactive compound. On the other hand, the extracellular ethyl acetate extract of L. aestuarii K97 was rich in alkanes and alkenes with 1-hexyl-2-nitrocyclohexane as the most predominant compound. Extracts of Lyngbya spp. rich in novel secondary metabolites such as PUFAs, alkanes, and alkenes can be further explored as an alternative and low-cost antioxidant and potential apoptogens for cancer therapy. � 2023, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia.
Assessment of Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Comparative Study
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2023-08-29T00:00:00) Singh, Paramdeep; Singh, Jawahar; Peer, Sameer; Jindal, Manav; Khokhar, Sunil; Ludhiadch, Abhilash; Munshi, Anjana
Background: Resting-state functional connectivity analysis has a potential to unearth the putative neuronal underpinnings of various disorders of the brain. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is regarded as a disorder arising from alterations in functional networks of the brain. Purpose: There is paucity of literature on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) in MDD, especially from the Indian subcontinent. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the differences in Rs-fMRI connectivity between MDD patients and age and gender matched healthy controls (HC). Methods: In this prospective single institute-based study, the patients were recruited consecutively based on Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D). Age and gender matched HC were also recruited. Rs-fMRI and anatomical MRI images were acquired for all the subjects (MDD and HC group) and subsequent analysis was done using the CONN toolbox. Results: A total of 49 subjects were included in the final analysis (MDD = 28 patients, HC = 21). HAM-D score was noted to be 24.4 � 4.8 in the MDD group. There was no significant difference between MDD and HC groups as far as age, gender, employment status, and level of education is concerned. Region-of-interest-based analysis of Rs-fMRI data showed a significantly lower connectivity between the left insula and left nucleus accumbens and between left paracingulate gyrus and bilateral posterior middle temporal gyri in MDD group as compared to HC group. Conclusion: There is reduced connectivity between certain key regions of the brain in MDD patients, that is, between the left insular cortex and the left nucleus accumbens and between the left paracingulate gyrus and the bilateral posterior middle temporal gyrus. These findings could explain the basis of clinical features of MDD such as anhedonia, rumination of thoughts, reduced visuo-spatial comprehension, reduced language function, and response to external stimuli. � 2023 Indian Academy of Neurosciences (IAN).
Assessment of Serum Elements Concentration and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
(Springer, 2022-01-14T00:00:00) Sharma, Priya; Gupta, Vartika; Kumar, Kush; Khetarpal, Preeti
Change in the levels of trace elements has been linked with PCOS pathogenesis by various studies, whereas some had reported no such association. Therefore, in order to evaluate association of eleven trace element (Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Se, Mn, Fe, Mg, Co, Ni and Pb) serum concentration with PCOS pathogenesis, current systematic review and meta-analysis has been carried out. Literature search was conducted using PubMed, Central Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases with appropriate keywords. Studies published upto 3rd of September were evaluated for eligibility with suitable inclusion and exclusion criteria. Only case�control studies examining the association of serum trace element concentrations between PCOS cases and controls were selected. Present meta-analysis identified 32 articles with 2317 PCOS and 1898 controls. The serum Cu (MD = 15.40; 95% CI = 4.32 to 26.48; p = 0.006), Co (MD = 0.01; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.02; p = 0.000), Cr (MD = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.07; p = 0.03) and Fe (MD = 12.98; 95% CI = 5.87�20.09; p = 0.0003) concentration is significantly higher, while lower concentration has been observed for Se (MD = ? 0.99; 95% CI = ? 1.31 to ? 0.67; p = 0.000) and Mg (MD = ? 223.41; 95% CI = ? 391.60 to ? 55.23; p = 0.009) among women with PCOS in comparison with the healthy group. Concentration of other elements which were analysed is not significantly related to PCOS. In short, PCOS women has higher serum concentrations of Cu, Co, Cr and Fe and lower concentrations of Se and Mg. Studies with sub-population of obese, non-obese and with and without insulin resistance are important to understand the pathomechanism of these elements in the syndrome. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Assessment of soybean inhibitor as a biopesticide against melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett)
(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017) Kaur, Harpreet; Kaur, Amandeep; Kaur, Amrit Pal; Rup, Pushpinder J.; Sohal, Satwinder K.
In the current study, the soybean trypsin?chymotrypsin inhibitor (Bowman?Birk Inhibitor, SBBI) was tested against Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), a major pest of cucurbit crops. Bioassays conducted using different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200?ppm) revealed a detrimental effect of the inhibitor on the growth and development of the second instar larvae of the melon fruit fly. SBBI prolonged the larval and total development period and reduced the percentage pupation and emergence. Enzymatic assays of proteases conducted at three time intervals using the LC40 (59?ppm) concentration of SBBI showed an inhibitory effect on trypsin activity, whereas an increase was observed in the activity of chymotrypsin, elastase and leucine aminopeptidase. Among the enzymes involved in detoxification, antioxidant and general metabolism, an increase was observed in the activity of catalases, and acid and alkaline phosphatases at most treatment intervals. The activity of esterases was induced only with prolonged treatment whereas that of glutathione S-transferases was suppressed in larvae treated with SBBI. The findings revealed the potential of SBBI to disrupt the growth of the melon fruit fly. ? 2017, Deutsche Phythomedizinische Gesellschaft.
Association between PDE4D gene and ischemic stroke: recent advancements
(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2016) Das, Satrupa; Roy, Sitara; Munshi, Anjana
Stroke is a severe complication and a leading cause of death worldwide and genetic studies among different ethnicities has provided the basis for involvement of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene in cerebrovascular diseases. Recent advancements have evaluated the role of this gene in stroke and these studies have provided a stronger support for the involvement of this gene in stroke development and few studies also suggest that it may influence outcome. Furthermore, case-control studies and meta-analysis studies have provided strong evidence for certain variants in PDE4D to predispose to stroke only among certain ethnicities. Thus, this review focuses on recent progress made in PDE4D gene research involving genetic, molecular and pharmacological aspect. A strong conclusion has emerged that clearly indicates a pivotal role played by this gene in ischemic stroke globally. Studies have also noticeably highlighted that PDE4D gene/pathway can be a suitable drug target for managing stroke; however, a more comprehensive research is still required to understand the molecular and cellular intricacies this gene plays in stroke development, progression and its outcome. ? 2015 Taylor and Francis.
Association of -1382A>G CCL11 gene variant with ischemic stroke, its subtypes and hemorrhagic stroke in a South Indian population
(Medknow Publications, 2014) Roy, Sitara; Das, Satrupa; Munshi, Anjana; Kaul, Subhash; Jyothy, Akka
Conclusion: The results of the present study show that the GG genotype is a significant risk factor for ischemic as well as hemorrhagic stroke. Further, the frequency of the GG genotype was observed to be higher in hemorrhagic stroke patients in comparison with ischemic stroke. Evaluating the association with ischemic stroke subtypes, a significant association was observed with intracranial large artery atherosclerosis and lacunar stroke.Background: CCL11 (Eotaxin-1) is an important inflammatory cytokine belonging to the CC family of chemokines associated with a number of infection or inflammation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and stroke. We investigated the association of CCL11 gene polymorphism rs4795895-1382A>G with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.Materials and Methods: Six hundred and twenty ischemic stroke patients, 620 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, and 220 hemorrhagic stroke patients, 220 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the present study. The CCL11 gene polymorphism rs4795895-1382A>G was determined using PCR-RFLP technique.Results: We found a statistically significant difference in the genotypic distribution between ischemic stroke patients and controls (For GG vs. AA, ?2= 7.604; P < 0.001, Odds ratio = 2.793; 95% CI = 1.308-5.9). For GG vs. AA + AG, ?2= 44.8, P < 0.001, Odds ratio = 2.382 (95% CI = 1.842-3.081). A significant difference was observed in the frequency of G and A alleles in patients and controls (For G vs. A, ?2= 43.26; P < 0.001, Odds ratio = 2.127; 95% CI = 1.693-2.672). Statistically significant difference was observed in the genotypic distribution between hemorrhagic stroke patients and controls (For GG vs. AG, ?2= 26.78; P = 0.001, Odds ratio = 3.5; 95% CI = 2.162-5.824). A significant difference was observed in the frequency of G and A alleles in patients and controls (For G vs. A, ?2= 41.98; P = 0.001, Odds ratio = 4.1; 95% CI = 2.61-6.44).