Department Of Botany

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Salt stress resilience in plants mediated through osmolyte accumulation and its crosstalk mechanism with phytohormones
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-09-27T00:00:00) Singh, Pooja; Choudhary, Krishna Kumar; Chaudhary, Nivedita; Gupta, Shweta; Sahu, Mamatamayee; Tejaswini, Boddu; Sarkar, Subrata
Salinity stress is one of the significant abiotic stresses that influence critical metabolic processes in the plant. Salinity stress limits plant growth and development by adversely affecting various physiological and biochemical processes. Enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced via salinity stress subsequently alters macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and thus constrains crop productivity. Due to which, a decreasing trend in cultivable land and a rising world population raises a question of global food security. In response to salt stress signals, plants adapt defensive mechanisms by orchestrating the synthesis, signaling, and regulation of various osmolytes and phytohormones. Under salinity stress, osmolytes have been investigated to stabilize the osmotic differences between the surrounding of cells and cytosol. They also help in the regulation of protein folding to facilitate protein functioning and stress signaling. Phytohormones play critical roles in eliciting a salinity stress adaptation response in plants. These responses enable the plants to acclimatize to adverse soil conditions. Phytohormones and osmolytes are helpful in minimizing salinity stress-related detrimental effects on plants. These phytohormones modulate the level of osmolytes through alteration in the gene expression pattern of key biosynthetic enzymes and antioxidative enzymes along with their role as signaling molecules. Thus, it becomes vital to understand the roles of these phytohormones on osmolyte accumulation and regulation to conclude the adaptive roles played by plants to avoid salinity stress. Copyright � 2022 Singh, Choudhary, Chaudhary, Gupta, Sahu, Tejaswini and Sarkar.
Salt stress resilience in plants mediated through osmolyte accumulation and its crosstalk mechanism with phytohormones
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-09-27T00:00:00) Singh, Pooja; Choudhary, Krishna Kumar; Chaudhary, Nivedita; Gupta, Shweta; Sahu, Mamatamayee; Tejaswini, Boddu; Sarkar, Subrata
Salinity stress is one of the significant abiotic stresses that influence critical metabolic processes in the plant. Salinity stress limits plant growth and development by adversely affecting various physiological and biochemical processes. Enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced via salinity stress subsequently alters macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and thus constrains crop productivity. Due to which, a decreasing trend in cultivable land and a rising world population raises a question of global food security. In response to salt stress signals, plants adapt defensive mechanisms by orchestrating the synthesis, signaling, and regulation of various osmolytes and phytohormones. Under salinity stress, osmolytes have been investigated to stabilize the osmotic differences between the surrounding of cells and cytosol. They also help in the regulation of protein folding to facilitate protein functioning and stress signaling. Phytohormones play critical roles in eliciting a salinity stress adaptation response in plants. These responses enable the plants to acclimatize to adverse soil conditions. Phytohormones and osmolytes are helpful in minimizing salinity stress-related detrimental effects on plants. These phytohormones modulate the level of osmolytes through alteration in the gene expression pattern of key biosynthetic enzymes and antioxidative enzymes along with their role as signaling molecules. Thus, it becomes vital to understand the roles of these phytohormones on osmolyte accumulation and regulation to conclude the adaptive roles played by plants to avoid salinity stress. Copyright � 2022 Singh, Choudhary, Chaudhary, Gupta, Sahu, Tejaswini and Sarkar.
Reactive Oxygen Species: Generation, Damage, and Quenching in Plants During Stress
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2018) Choudhary, Krishna Kumar; Chaudhary, Nivedita; Agrawal, S B; Agrawal, M
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive molecules formed during the normal metabolism of plants such as superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen. They function as important signalling molecules in the regulation of several plant processes like growth, development and physiology. Excessive formation of ROS in plants has been reported under various biotic and abiotic stresses causing lipid peroxidation, disturbance in various biotic process, alterations in genetic material and degradation of proteins. Higher generation of ROS causes oxidative stress depending upon quenching of the plants. For efficient scavenging of ROS, plants are well equipped with several enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione‐S‐transferase etc.) and nonenzymatic (ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenols, carotenoids, β‐carotene, proline and ά‐tocopherols etc.) antioxidants. In the present chapter, generation of ROS under various stresses, production sites of ROS in plants, damaging effects as well as their role as a signalling molecule and their scavenging in plants through various mechanisms will be discussed.

Department Of Botany

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