Department Of Botany

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Author: search.filters.author.Kaur, Manpreet

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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Seaweed-associated epiphytic bacteria: Diversity, ecological and economic implications
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023-07-18T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Saini, Khem Chand; Mallick, Ashrumochan; Bast, Felix
    The microbial communities associated with seaweeds remain underexplored, despite their enormous biodiversity and the fact that they differ significantly from their free-living marinecounterpart. Studying the epiphytic bacterial microbiota, directly or indirectly, plays a vital role in normal algal morphological development, metabolism, growth and defence against fouling organisms. Furthermore, as these bacteria interact with algae in multifaceted ways, they constitute a fascinating source of new bioactive compounds with antimicrobials, antibiotic potential and produce algal-specific polysaccharidases with biotechnological applications. Microscopy, accompanied by bacterial culture and molecular biology, has made it feasible to establish and identify the phylogenetic origin of various algae-associated bacterial communities. Thus, this review first highlights the immense diversity of the epiphytic bacteria associated with algae, predominantly from the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. We further describe the factors affecting the composition and abundance of the epiphytic bacteria and their ecological role. We end with the bioprospecting value of this interaction, such as the production of hydrolytic enzymes and specific bioactive compounds. However, further investigation of the epiphytic bacterial communities present in different macroalgae using new technologies is still needed, mainly to evaluate the production of various metabolites with biotechnologicalapplications. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.
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    Concise review of green algal genus Monostroma Thuret
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022-10-27T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Kala, Swarna; Parida, Aseema; Bast, Felix
    Monostroma (Ulotrichales, Chlorophyta) is the most intensively cultivated genus among green seaweeds, accounting for over 90% of total green algal cultivation. It is commonly found in the eulittoral zones of marine and estuarine habitats, thus contributing significantly to the ecology of the coastal ecosystem. Morphologically, the frond of Monostroma is blade-like with eponymous one-cell thickness; therefore, it is also known as �Slender sea lettuce�. Monostroma nitidum is often used for salad ingredients, boiled tsukudani, soups, etc., due to its health benefits. Monostroma kuroshiense is commercially cultivated in�East Asia�and�South America�for the edible product "hitoegusa-nori" or "hirohano-hitoegusa nori", popular�sushi�wraps. This genus remains one of the well-studied seaweed genera for ecophysiology, habitat-dependent seasonality of its growth pattern, gametangial ontogeny and phylogenetics. Moreover, rhamnan sulfate (RS), a sulfated polysaccharide, is the main component of the fiber extracted from�M. nitidum and studied for various biological activities. This review presents the taxonomy, morphology, anatomy, life history, distribution, ecology, physiology, cultivation and harvesting, chemical composition, and biotechnological applications of this genus. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
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    Abiotic stress in algae: response, signaling and transgenic approaches
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022-05-02T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Saini, Khem Chand; Ojah, Hiramoni; Sahoo, Rajalakshmi; Gupta, Kriti; Kumar, Adesh; Bast, Felix
    High salinity, nutrient deficiency, heavy metals, desiccation, temperature fluctuations, and ultraviolet radiations are major abiotic stress factors considered inhospitable to algal growth and development in natural and artificial environments. All these stressful conditions cause effects on algal physiology and thus biochemical functioning. For instance, long-term exposure to hyper/hypo salinity conditions inhibits cell differentiation and reduces growth. Photosynthesis is completely blocked in algae's dehydrated state, resulting in photoinhibition or photodamage. The limitation of nutrients in aquatic environments inhibits primary production via regulating phytoplankton community development and structure. Hence, in response to these stressful conditions, algae develop plenty of cellular, physiological, and morphological defences to survive and thrive. The conserved and generalized defence responses in algae include the production of secondary metabolites, desaturation of membrane lipids, activation of reactive species scavengers, and accumulation of compatible solutes. Moreover, a well-coordinated and timely response to such stresses involves signal perception and transduction mainly via phytohormones that could sustain algae growth under abiotic stress conditions. In addition, the combination of abiotic stresses and plant hormones could further elevate the biosynthesis of metabolites and enhance the ability of algae to tolerate abiotic stresses. This review aims to present different kinds of stressful conditions confronted by algae and their physiological and biochemical responses, the role of phytohormones in combatting these conditions, and, last, the future transgenic approaches for improving abiotic stress tolerance in algae. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
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    Seaweed-associated epiphytic bacteria: Diversity, ecological and economic implications
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023-07-18T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Saini, Khem Chand; Mallick, Ashrumochan; Bast, Felix
    The microbial communities associated with seaweeds remain underexplored, despite their enormous biodiversity and the fact that they differ significantly from their free-living marinecounterpart. Studying the epiphytic bacterial microbiota, directly or indirectly, plays a vital role in normal algal morphological development, metabolism, growth and defence against fouling organisms. Furthermore, as these bacteria interact with algae in multifaceted ways, they constitute a fascinating source of new bioactive compounds with antimicrobials, antibiotic potential and produce algal-specific polysaccharidases with biotechnological applications. Microscopy, accompanied by bacterial culture and molecular biology, has made it feasible to establish and identify the phylogenetic origin of various algae-associated bacterial communities. Thus, this review first highlights the immense diversity of the epiphytic bacteria associated with algae, predominantly from the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. We further describe the factors affecting the composition and abundance of the epiphytic bacteria and their ecological role. We end with the bioprospecting value of this interaction, such as the production of hydrolytic enzymes and specific bioactive compounds. However, further investigation of the epiphytic bacterial communities present in different macroalgae using new technologies is still needed, mainly to evaluate the production of various metabolites with biotechnologicalapplications. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.
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    Concise review of green algal genus Monostroma Thuret
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022-10-27T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Kala, Swarna; Parida, Aseema; Bast, Felix
    Monostroma (Ulotrichales, Chlorophyta) is the most intensively cultivated genus among green seaweeds, accounting for over 90% of total green algal cultivation. It is commonly found in the eulittoral zones of marine and estuarine habitats, thus contributing significantly to the ecology of the coastal ecosystem. Morphologically, the frond of Monostroma is blade-like with eponymous one-cell thickness; therefore, it is also known as �Slender sea lettuce�. Monostroma nitidum is often used for salad ingredients, boiled tsukudani, soups, etc., due to its health benefits. Monostroma kuroshiense is commercially cultivated in�East Asia�and�South America�for the edible product "hitoegusa-nori" or "hirohano-hitoegusa nori", popular�sushi�wraps. This genus remains one of the well-studied seaweed genera for ecophysiology, habitat-dependent seasonality of its growth pattern, gametangial ontogeny and phylogenetics. Moreover, rhamnan sulfate (RS), a sulfated polysaccharide, is the main component of the fiber extracted from�M. nitidum and studied for various biological activities. This review presents the taxonomy, morphology, anatomy, life history, distribution, ecology, physiology, cultivation and harvesting, chemical composition, and biotechnological applications of this genus. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
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    Abiotic stress in algae: response, signaling and transgenic approaches
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022-05-02T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Saini, Khem Chand; Ojah, Hiramoni; Sahoo, Rajalakshmi; Gupta, Kriti; Kumar, Adesh; Bast, Felix
    High salinity, nutrient deficiency, heavy metals, desiccation, temperature fluctuations, and ultraviolet radiations are major abiotic stress factors considered inhospitable to algal growth and development in natural and artificial environments. All these stressful conditions cause effects on algal physiology and thus biochemical functioning. For instance, long-term exposure to hyper/hypo salinity conditions inhibits cell differentiation and reduces growth. Photosynthesis is completely blocked in algae's dehydrated state, resulting in photoinhibition or photodamage. The limitation of nutrients in aquatic environments inhibits primary production via regulating phytoplankton community development and structure. Hence, in response to these stressful conditions, algae develop plenty of cellular, physiological, and morphological defences to survive and thrive. The conserved and generalized defence responses in algae include the production of secondary metabolites, desaturation of membrane lipids, activation of reactive species scavengers, and accumulation of compatible solutes. Moreover, a well-coordinated and timely response to such stresses involves signal perception and transduction mainly via phytohormones that could sustain algae growth under abiotic stress conditions. In addition, the combination of abiotic stresses and plant hormones could further elevate the biosynthesis of metabolites and enhance the ability of algae to tolerate abiotic stresses. This review aims to present different kinds of stressful conditions confronted by algae and their physiological and biochemical responses, the role of phytohormones in combatting these conditions, and, last, the future transgenic approaches for improving abiotic stress tolerance in algae. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
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    Assessment of antioxidant potential of phytochemicals in human glioblastoma (U-87 MG) cells
    (Central University of Punjab, 2014) Kaur, Manpreet; Mantha, Anil K.
    Imbalance between production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) leads to oxidative stress and has been well documented for mitochondrial dysfunction, a prime cause towards pathogenesis of neurological diseases and cancer. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive, invasive and primary brain tumor which shows resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that scavenges the production of superoxide radicals and dismutases into H?O? which is further converted into H?O and O? by catalase (CAT) enzyme. Apurinic/Apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) is a central enzyme of base excision repair (BER) pathway with two important functions; DNA repair and redox regulation of transcription factors (TFs) responsible for cell survival. In this study, it was seen that oxidative stress induced by endogenously found oxidants H?O? and glucose oxidase (GO) enhanced the activities of both CuZn-SOD and MnSOD in U-87 MG cells. In addition, CuZn-SOD levels were found to be increased in H?O?-induced oxidative stress and MnSOD levels were found to be increased in both H?O? and GO- induced oxidative stress. Further, pretreatment with phytochemicals Curcumin and Quercetin modulated the activities and expression of both forms of SOD studied. The BER-pathway enzyme, APE1 level was found to be decreased in mitochondria of oxidative stress induced U-87 MG cells by H?O? and GO, and in contrast APE1 level was found to be increased in cytosol, which indicates that oxidative stress affects the expression level and sub-cellular localization of APE1. Taken together, these results indicate that in GBM it is more likely that activated SOD a key player of antioxidant system and APE1 a key player in BER-pathway might be facilitating cancer cells to survive in oxidative stress environment.