Department Of Botany
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Item Rethinking underutilized cereal crops: pan-omics integration and green system biology(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-09-30T00:00:00) Rahim, Mohammed Saba; Sharma, Vinita; Pragati Yadav; Parveen, Afsana; Kumar, Adarsh; Roy, Joy; Kumar, VinayMain conclusion: Due to harsh lifestyle changes, in the present era, nutritional security is needed along with food security so it is necessary to include underutilized cereal crops (UCCs) in our daily diet to counteract the rising danger of human metabolic illness. We can attain both the goal of zero hunger and nutritional security by developing improved UCCs using advanced pan-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, nutrigenomics, phenomics and ionomics) practices. Abstract: Plant sciences research progressed profoundly since the last few decades with the introduction of advanced technologies and approaches, addressing issues of food demand of the growing population, nutritional security challenges and climate change. However, throughout the expansion and popularization of commonly consumed major cereal crops such as wheat and rice, other cereal crops such as millet, rye, sorghum, and others were impeded, despite their potential medicinal and nutraceutical qualities. Undoubtedly neglected underutilized cereal crops (UCCs) also have the capability to withstand diverse climate change. To relieve the burden of major crops, it is necessary to introduce the new crops in our diet in the way of UCCs. Introgression of agronomically and nutritionally important traits by pan-omics approaches in UCCs could be a defining moment for the population�s well-being on the globe. This review discusses the importance of underutilized cereal crops, as well as the application of contemporary omics techniques and advanced bioinformatics tools that could open up new avenues for future study and be valuable assets in the development and usage of UCCs in the perspective of green system biology. The increased and improved use of UCCs is dependent on number of factors that necessitate a concerted research effort in agricultural sciences. The emergence of functional genomics with molecular genetics might gear toward the reawakening of interest in underutilized cereals crops. The need of this era is to focus on potential UCCs in advanced agriculture and breeding programmes. Hence, targeting the UCCs, might provide a bright future for better health and scientific rationale for its use. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item Nanotechnology as a powerful tool in plant sciences: Recent developments, challenges and perspectives(Elsevier B.V., 2023-08-24T00:00:00) Kumari, Avnesh; Rana, Varnika; Yadav, Sudesh Kumar; Kumar, VinayIn today's global climate emergency, agricultural practices are becoming increasingly unsustainable. There are a number of alarming issues that require immediate action, including soil erosion, excessive use of natural resources, biodiversity loss, and an explosion of population. Although agriculture is heavily modernized, with traditional approaches, it is not possible to meet these challenges due to different landscapes, high nutrition demand, and a lack of technology. Aside from adversely affecting agriculture, chemical use has also resulted in serious health issues and undesirable effects on the ecosystem. As a result, nanotechnology will play a significant role in delivering a well-organized, sustainable agricultural industry by reducing chemicals and addressing existing problems. A quick disease diagnosis, improved plant nutrient absorption, and increased plant capability to absorb nutrients can be achieved by nanotechnology in the food and agriculture industries. Agricultural plants can be protected from insects and pests by nanotechnology acting as sensors to monitor soil and water quality. Despite their potential, researchers have been unable to understand how these compounds operate, since NPs either enhance growth or cause cytotoxicity depending on how much concentration is applied. In this article, we present the most promising nanoparticles used in abiotic stress management and gene editing of plants, as well as novel nanobionic approaches for improving plant functions and organelles. � 2023 The AuthorsItem Gene delivery methods: Advances and opportunities of nanoparticles-based techniques(CRC Press, 2023-09-06T00:00:00) Borgohain, Venus; Swati, Z.Z.Z.; Reetu, Z.Z.Z.; Kumar, VinayItem Exogenous application of biostimulants for As stress tolerance in crop plants(Elsevier, 2023-08-04T00:00:00) Garg, Tashima; Arora, Bhumika; Bokolia, Muskan; Joshi, Anjali; Kumar, Vinay; Kumar, Avneesh; Kaur, SimranjeetArsenic (As) is a nonessential toxic metalloid existing in two different inorganic forms: arsenite As (III) and arsenate As (V) which cause hindrance in plant developmental processes and are hazardous to human beings. As contamination is a major environmental issue as it stimulates physiological and metabolic dysfunctions, for instance, nutrient and redox imbalance, rate of photosynthesis, and membrane integrity, ultimately leading to reduced crop yield. Plants show detoxification processes to overcome As toxic effects by effluxing excess metal ions through metal transporters, accumulating As in the vacuole, and producing antioxidant enzymes. In recent times, the exogenous application of various biostimulants such as hormones, antioxidants, osmolytes, and others is being explored to combat As-mediating injuries to crop plants. These compounds are effective in improving seed germination, antioxidant enzyme activity, plant biomass, and overall growth of the plants. The objective of this chapter is to provide recent knowledge on the biostimulants hallmarks to alleviate As stress in crop plants. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Biotechnological attributes of biostimulants for relieving metal toxicity(Elsevier, 2023-08-04T00:00:00) Rana, Varnika; Kumar, Adarsh; Singh, Reetu; Kumar, VinayA global scourge, heavy metals (HMs) toxicity with high concentration causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) to attack key biological molecules and has emerged in the past few years, posing a serious threat to human lives and ecosystems and agriculture. In plants, HMs alter the genome and genetic structure and eventually affect their protein and enzyme activities which further impede cellular metabolism. Therefore the growing body of scientific research is emphasizing green synthesis, that is, biostimulants use as the nexus of biotechnology and fertilizer that can be viewed as novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective tools to safeguard the detrimental effects on ecosystems. In this regard, this chapter aims to scrutinize the role of various biostimulants against abiotic stresses using various biostimulants including seaweed extracts, protein hydrolysates, humic acids, and fulvic acids. The microbial-based stimulants are also discussed in this chapter. A list of biological processes has also been highlighted as prime targets for removing heavy metal(loid)s toxicity using biotechnological interventions. The biostimulants enhance growth and improve stress tolerance ability in plants. A table of targeted biotechnological attributes is also provided. Recently, a steep rise in interest in biostimulants is driving the development of sustainable green economics and agricultural concepts, while increasing demand for new products and understanding their mechanism of action is increasing. Further, the increasing demand for innovative biostimulants products and an interest in understanding their mechanisms of action will drive HM-free green economics and agricultural sustainability in the coming days. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Transcriptome analysis of ovules offers early developmental clues after fertilization in Cicer arietinum L.(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-05-11T00:00:00) Singh, Reetu; Shankar, Rama; Yadav, Sudesh Kumar; Kumar, VinayChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds are valued for their nutritional scores and limited information on the molecular mechanisms of chickpea fertilization and seed development is available. In the current work, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on two different stages of chickpea ovules (pre- and post-fertilization) to identify key regulatory transcripts. Two-staged transcriptome sequencing was generated and over 208 million reads were mapped to quantify transcript abundance during fertilization events. Mapping to the reference genome showed that the majority (92.88%) of high-quality Illumina reads were aligned to the chickpea genome. Reference-guided genome and transcriptome assembly yielded a total of 28,783 genes. Of these, 3399 genes were differentially expressed after the fertilization event. These involve upregulated genes including a protease-like secreted in CO(2) response (LOC101500970), amino acid permease 4-like (LOC101506539), and downregulated genes MYB-related protein 305-like (LOC101493897), receptor like protein 29 (LOC101491695). WGCNA analysis and pairwise comparison of datasets, successfully constructed four co-expression modules. Transcription factor families including bHLH, MYB, MYB-related, C2H2 zinc finger, ERF, WRKY and NAC transcription factor were also found to be activated after fertilization. Activation of these genes and transcription factors results in the accumulation of carbohydrates and proteins by enhancing their trafficking and biosynthesis. Total 17 differentially expressed genes, were randomly selected for qRT-PCR for validation of transcriptome analysis and showed statistically significant correlations with the transcriptome data. Our findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying changes in fertilized chickpea ovules. This work may come closer to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that initiate developmental events in chickpea seeds after fertilization. � 2023, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology.Item Protein SUMOylation: Current updates and insights to elucidate potential roles of SUMO in plants(Elsevier B.V., 2023-04-14T00:00:00) Singh, Reetu; Mahajan, Monika; Das, Sheetal; Kumar, VinayPost-translational modification is one of the main reasons behind various cellular signaling events. These modifications alter the target protein's function instantly and add additional complexity by modifying proteins at cellular or sub-cellular location. The ubiquitin-like modifier system is very much conserved in eukaryotic organisms. One of such modifiers, i.e., small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) is present in plants whose conjugation with the intracellular proteins plays a vital role in various processes. SUMOylation is one of the dynamic mechanisms employed by plants under normal condition as well as in response to various environmental stresses like heat, drought, cold, phosphate, and biotic stress. It has a key role in regulating plant growth and development and plant defense against pathogens. A large number of protein isoforms have been identified that help in SUMOylation and de-SUMOylation reactions and play vital roles in post-translation modifications. This review is aimed at shedding light on the SUMO conjugation machinery, its isoforms, and their putative roles in cellular growth, developmental processes, and different environmental stress conditions in plants. This work could also be used to understand the stress tolerance mechanism and further draft resistant mechanisms through manipulations of SUMOylation. � 2023 SAABItem Iron transport and homeostasis in plants: current updates and applications for improving human nutrition values and sustainable agriculture(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023-02-23T00:00:00) Khan, Shahirina; Kaur, Karambir; Kumar, Vinay; Tiwari, SiddharthAgriculture and plant science face a formidable challenge in feeding the world�s expanding population in a sustainable, sufficient, and nutrient-rich manner. The mineral micronutrient composition of food crops merits special consideration. Globally, cultivated soil and plant micronutrient deficits have negative impacts on crop yield, plant nutritional value, human health and well-being. This article reviews the present knowledge on iron (Fe) uptake, transport, subcellular translocation, and its regulation at the molecular level mainly on Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, which typically represent graminaceous and non-graminaceous plants, respectively. This study emphasizes the recent advancements in various approaches, including high-throughput technologies (NGS, proteomics, ionomics) and genetic engineering such as CRISPR/Cas for Fe biofortification in crop plants and their subsequent impact on human health. The aforementioned information can be applied to elevate the Fe content in model plants along with various fruit and vegetable crops. This might be helpful for nutritious food production for large human population in the world to achieve one of the most important Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for nutrition security. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.Item Genetic dissection of quantitative traits loci identifies new genes for gelatinization parameters of starch and amylose-lipid complex (Resistant starch 5) in bread wheat(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2022-09-08T00:00:00) Rahim, Mohammed Saba; Kumar, Vinay; Roy, JoyStarch is a major component of cereal grains such as wheat. Physicochemical and functional properties of starch affect end-use food quality and nutrients. To improve cultivars that preserve superior starch quality, the genetic foundation of the wheat starch and amylose-lipid complex (ALc, Resistant starch type 5) gelatinization are needed. This genome-wide association (GWA) mapping used 192 wheat genotypes (previously reported) to generate SNPs using an enhanced version of sequencing termed ddRAD on the Illumina Hi-seq X platform and 3696 high-quality influential SNPs were filtered out. The heterozygosity and Fst ranges in five subpopulations were 0.31�0.40 and 0.18�0.30 respectively. Nucleotide diversity and PIC ranged from 0.21 (6A) to 0.32 (2A) and 0.29 (6A) to 0.39 (4D) respectively. The Shannon waiver index was 1.7 and the whole-genome LD decay was 22 Mb at r2 = 0.38. Following FDR, 23 and 8 SNPs showed association with starch properties in the year 2017 and 2018, respectively while 93 and 20 SNPs were associated with ALc gelatinization in the year 2017 and 2018 respectively. The identified potential new genes (GSK3-alpha, RING-type domain-containing protein, Tetratricopeptide repeat, Hexosyltransferase, GLP, SNF1, and WRKY transcription factor) within LD range (?16 Kb to ?15 Mb), BLUP value, and cis and trans-position of SNPs network provide valuable information for the future wheat breeding strategy for the improvement of the starch quality trait. � 2022 Elsevier B.V.Item High resistant starch mutant wheat �TAC 35� reduced glycemia and ameliorated high fat diet induced metabolic dysregulation in mice(Academic Press, 2022-03-18T00:00:00) Rahim, Mohammed Saba; Kumar, Vibhu; Mishra, Ankita; Fandade, Vikas; Kumar, Vinay; Kiran kondepudi, Kanthi; Bishnoi, Mahendra; Roy, JoyDietary supplementation of low glycemic index (GI) food obtained from cereal crops is affordable and can reduce the risk of developing diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, obesity and colon cancer. In this study, two high resistant starch (HRS) wheat mutant lines (�TAC 35� and �TAC 28�) showed up to 25% drop in GI compared to parent wheat variety �C 306� in mice (P ? 0.001). Further, the best low GI mutant line, �TAC 35� was used to observe its health benefit effects against high fat diet (HFD) for 10-weeks in C57BL/6J mice model. The mutant showed a significant reduction in body weight and tissues (fat, liver, spleen) weight from ?23.5 to 68.4% with respect to HFD. It also showed significant increase in glucose tolerance (41%), insulin sensitivity (28%), liver SOD (26%), serum SOD (16.3%) and significant decrease in liver H2O2 (29%) and serum H2O2 (35%), LDL (39%) and total cholesterol (7%), pro-inflammatory markers: IL-6 (9.56%) and TNF? (23.32%). Furthermore, the HRS diet fostered a healthy bacterial population and resulted in a profound boost in butyrate (40%), lactate (23%), and acetate (28%). Besides, the HRS diet's preventative efficacy was also revealed by the expression of disease-related genes. This study emphasizes the critical health benefits of HRS-low GI wheat which may be promoted for obese and diabetic populations. � 2022 Elsevier Ltd