Department Of Botany
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Item Understanding plant-plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) interactions for inducing plant defense(Elsevier, 2023-04-21T00:00:00) Seth, Kunal; Vyas, Pallavi; Deora, Sandhya; Gupta, Amit Kumar; Meena, Mukesh; Swapnil, Prashant; HarishRhizobacteria fostering plant growth have received considerable attention in modern agriculture as they are capable of enhancing growth of the plants and are also a chemical fertilizer replacement. Besides enhancing growth, many PGPRs are recognized to induce plant defenses while in contact with the host plant. The plants have a nonspecific and broad-spectrum immune system to protect themselves from the diverse array of phytopathogens compared to innate immune system of animals. Depending on the type of interaction, plants cope with the invader attack through the activation of different defense mechanisms. In locally and systemically induced resistance responses, the main activator is salicylic acid (SA). However, studies have demonstrated that both ethylene and jasmonic acid (JA) are the main signaling molecules for induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediated by the rhizobacteria. For generating systemic resistance, different rhizobacteria exploit different mechanisms like some activate SAR (SA-dependent) pathway, while others activate ISR (ethylene/JA-dependent) pathway. Interestingly, coactivation of the ethylene/JA-dependent and the salicylic acid-dependent pathways has been shown to result in a synergistic effect on the acquired induced resistance. Few reports have suggested toward adaptive immune responses in plants and existence of immunological memory. The importance of PGPR in initiating plant defense against biotic stress, plant-PGPR interactions, and the PGPR significance in defense priming are discussed in this chapter. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Enhanced protection of tomato against Fusarium wilt through biopriming with Trichoderma harzianum(Elsevier B.V., 2022-11-25T00:00:00) Zehra, Andleeb; Aamir, Mohd; Dubey, Manish K.; Akhtar Ansari, Waquar; Meena, Mukesh; Swapnil, Prashant; Upadhyay, R.S.; Ajmal Ali, Mohammad; Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Abdullah; Lee, JoongkuObjective: Microbial priming represents an adaptive strategy to enhance the plant defense against subsequent challenges incited by pathogenic microbes. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of priming with Trichoderma harzianum (Th) on the induced resistance potential of tomato after challenged with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) pathogen. Methods: This work demonstrated antioxidative and defense related enzyme activities and qRT-PCR to study the resistance mechanisms of tomato plants bioprimed with T. harzianum against Fol pathogen. Result: Microbial biopriming with T. harzianum resulted into enhanced expression of tomato defense-related genes and was accompanied by increased antioxidative enzymic activities. The study reported that the T. harzianum primed plants showed 2.71-fold higher SOD than control and 1.34-fold (Fol + Th) higher SOD activity compared to Fol challenged plants. In contrast, Fol + Th treated showed 5.87-fold and 1.34-fold higher CAT enzyme activity as compared to control and pathogen exposed plants. T. harzianum bioprimed plants noted 1.47- and 11.47-fold enhanced PPO activity as compared to Fol challenged and controls, respectively. PAL and PO activities were also found higher in T. harzianum primed plants. The qRT-PCR revealed that expression of defense related gene showed higher up-regulation in T. harzianum primed plants as compared to pathogen challenged plants. As compared to control, Fol + Th treated plants also showed higher up-regulation of all the studied genes. Conclusion: The study concluded T. harzianum priming aggravates the plant defense system against the Fol challenged condition and accompanied by higher expression of defense related genes and increased antioxidative activities against subsequent Fol attack. � 2022 The AuthorsItem Understanding plant-plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) interactions for inducing plant defense(Elsevier, 2023-04-21T00:00:00) Seth, Kunal; Vyas, Pallavi; Deora, Sandhya; Gupta, Amit Kumar; Meena, Mukesh; Swapnil, Prashant; HarishRhizobacteria fostering plant growth have received considerable attention in modern agriculture as they are capable of enhancing growth of the plants and are also a chemical fertilizer replacement. Besides enhancing growth, many PGPRs are recognized to induce plant defenses while in contact with the host plant. The plants have a nonspecific and broad-spectrum immune system to protect themselves from the diverse array of phytopathogens compared to innate immune system of animals. Depending on the type of interaction, plants cope with the invader attack through the activation of different defense mechanisms. In locally and systemically induced resistance responses, the main activator is salicylic acid (SA). However, studies have demonstrated that both ethylene and jasmonic acid (JA) are the main signaling molecules for induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediated by the rhizobacteria. For generating systemic resistance, different rhizobacteria exploit different mechanisms like some activate SAR (SA-dependent) pathway, while others activate ISR (ethylene/JA-dependent) pathway. Interestingly, coactivation of the ethylene/JA-dependent and the salicylic acid-dependent pathways has been shown to result in a synergistic effect on the acquired induced resistance. Few reports have suggested toward adaptive immune responses in plants and existence of immunological memory. The importance of PGPR in initiating plant defense against biotic stress, plant-PGPR interactions, and the PGPR significance in defense priming are discussed in this chapter. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Enhanced protection of tomato against Fusarium wilt through biopriming with Trichoderma harzianum(Elsevier B.V., 2022-11-25T00:00:00) Zehra, Andleeb; Aamir, Mohd; Dubey, Manish K.; Akhtar Ansari, Waquar; Meena, Mukesh; Swapnil, Prashant; Upadhyay, R.S.; Ajmal Ali, Mohammad; Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Abdullah; Lee, JoongkuObjective: Microbial priming represents an adaptive strategy to enhance the plant defense against subsequent challenges incited by pathogenic microbes. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of priming with Trichoderma harzianum (Th) on the induced resistance potential of tomato after challenged with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) pathogen. Methods: This work demonstrated antioxidative and defense related enzyme activities and qRT-PCR to study the resistance mechanisms of tomato plants bioprimed with T. harzianum against Fol pathogen. Result: Microbial biopriming with T. harzianum resulted into enhanced expression of tomato defense-related genes and was accompanied by increased antioxidative enzymic activities. The study reported that the T. harzianum primed plants showed 2.71-fold higher SOD than control and 1.34-fold (Fol + Th) higher SOD activity compared to Fol challenged plants. In contrast, Fol + Th treated showed 5.87-fold and 1.34-fold higher CAT enzyme activity as compared to control and pathogen exposed plants. T. harzianum bioprimed plants noted 1.47- and 11.47-fold enhanced PPO activity as compared to Fol challenged and controls, respectively. PAL and PO activities were also found higher in T. harzianum primed plants. The qRT-PCR revealed that expression of defense related gene showed higher up-regulation in T. harzianum primed plants as compared to pathogen challenged plants. As compared to control, Fol + Th treated plants also showed higher up-regulation of all the studied genes. Conclusion: The study concluded T. harzianum priming aggravates the plant defense system against the Fol challenged condition and accompanied by higher expression of defense related genes and increased antioxidative activities against subsequent Fol attack. � 2022 The Authors