Department Of Botany
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/28
Browse
6 results
Search Results
Item ANALYSIS OF MICRORNA SIGNATURES AS BIOMARKER TO INVESTIGATE INTERLINK BETWEEN TYPE 2 DIABETES AND BREAST CANCER(Central University of Punjab, 2018) Sharma, Prateek; Kumar, SanjeevType 2 diabetes and breast cancer are two heterogeneous, multifactorial, chronic health problems involving several overlapping risk factors. Studies have suggested that type 2 diabetes is associated with 10-20% excessive relative risk of breast cancer. Evidence indicates link between type 2 diabetes and breast cancer, through insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Numerous substantial evidence pointing towards the potential efficacy of antidiabetic metformin as anticancer therapeutics. MicroRNAs are endogenous, small non-coding RNA molecules regulating protein-coding gene expression and participate in nearly all the events of life. These small RNA molecules can have diagnostic or prognostic value, as microRNA expression profiles reflect disease origin, stage and other pathological factors. We hypothesized that there might be several microRNAs which commonly function in the “origin of type 2 diabetes to progression towards breast cancer.” Such common microRNAs can act via the related signalling pathways which may provide the critical insight into the better understanding of these diseases. The present study is aimed to investigate the interlinking between type 2 diabetes and breast cancer through microRNA signatures. Methods: In vitro cell experiments (using breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, & T47D and pancreatic beta insulinoma cell lines MIN6 and RIN-5F) referred as MTT proliferation, trypan blue exclusion test, NBT assay, colony formation analysis, and scratch assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays (DCFH-DA and DHE) along with fluorescence microscopy (DAPI staining, Acridine orange + Ethidium bromide dual staining, JC1 staining) were used for apoptotic parameters. Insulin release in pancreatic beta cell lines was measured by ELISA. mRNA expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, SOD 1, SOD 2, SOD 3, were quantified by qRT-PCR. Four common microRNAs- let 7a, miR-21, miR-155, miR-375 expression profiling in both breast cancer cell lines and pancreatic cell lines was performed by relative quantification real time analysis. Results: Insulin acts as a potential mitogenic factor accelerating the proliferation of breast cancer cells. On the other hand, metformin inhibits growth, proliferation and v clonogenic potential of breast carcinoma cells. ROS levels in breast cancer cells were significantly reduced by metformin by up-regulating SOD isoforms expression. Insulin increased the ROS to a very small limit. Metformin activates apoptosis by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, upregulating Bax and downregulating Bcl-2. Migration is strongly suppressed by metformin by regulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Oncogenic miR-21 and miR-155 were downregulated by metformin, significantly correlated with reduced metastasis. The results of our study suggest that both MIN6 and RIN-5F cells show a significant differential pattern of proliferation, insulin secretion, and microRNA expression pattern. RIN-5F beta cells were found to be highly refractory to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. However, metformin negatively regulates glucose-stimulated insulin release in both MIN6 and RIN-5F. In MIN6 cells, levels of microRNA-375 and let-7a were significantly up- & down-regulated by metformin at normal-glucose and high glucose culture conditions respectively whereas in RIN-5F both were significantly down-regulated. Conclusions: Our data supports that metformin plays a pivotal role in the modulation of the antioxidant system including SOD machinery. Our results indicate that metformin inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis via mitochondrial signalling. Furthermore, emerging view from this study is that microRNAs (let-7a, mir-21, miR-155 and miR- 375) are involved in the process of disease (type 2 diabetes and breast cancer) development, and there is the potential utility of microRNAs as effective biomarker for diagnostic and prognostic application in type 2 diabetes and breast cancer.Item Evaluation of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 & T47D) : Influence of insulin and metformin on growth parameters(Central University of Punjab, 2016) Sharma, Prateek; Thakur, SanjeevBreast cancer is the complex and heterogenous malignancy caused as a result of interaction of hormonal, environmental and genetic factors. Major advances made in the field of breast cancer research have emanated from studies involving human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D. Insulin act as a potent mitogen in normal mammary tissue and breast cancer cells in culture. Insulin receptor is overexpressed in several human breast cancers and this overexpression results in transformed phenotype in human mammary epithelial cells. Experimental study has shown that Insulin induces significant mitogenic effect in MCF-7 and T47D cells in dose-dependent manner. 100nM concentration of Insulin enhances the growth of MCF-7 and T47D cells by ? 7.3 and ? 5 folds respectively in comparison to control. The antidiabetic drug metformin lowers risk of breast cancer via direct action (Insulin independent) and indirect action (Insulin dependent). The treatment of the hyperinsulinemia with the metformin will lower the circulating levels of insulin and improve insulin sensitivity, thus results into potential decrease in the incidence of breast cancer. The results show that MCF-7 and T47D cells growth inhibited over control at high doses (10 mM concentration) of metformin. MCF-7 and T47D cells also show decrease in insulin induced cell proliferation at higher doses of metformin.Item Metformin inhibits human breast cancer cell growth by promoting apoptosis via a ROS-independent pathway involving mitochondrial dysfunction: pivotal role of superoxide dismutase (SOD)(Springer, 2018) Sharma, Prateek; Kumar, SanjeevPurpose Despite a growing body of evidence indicating a potential efficacy of the anti-diabetic metformin as anti-cancer agent, the exact mechanism underlying this efficacy has remained largely unknown. Here, we aimed at assessing putative mechanisms associated with the ability of metformin to reduce the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Methods A battery of in vitro assays including MTT, colony formation, NBT and scratch wound healing assays were performed to assess the viability, proliferation, anti-oxidative potential and migration of breast cancer-derived MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays along with fluorescence microscopy were used to assess apoptotic parameters. Quantification of SOD, Bcl-2, Bax, MMPs, miR-21 and miR-155 expression was performed using qRT-PCR. Results We found that metformin inhibited the growth, proliferation and clonogenic potential of the breast cancer-derived cells tested. ROS levels were found to be significantly reduced by metformin and, concomitantly, superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms were found to be upregulated. Mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in metformin treated cells, indicating apoptosis. In metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells, migration was found to be suppressed by metformin through deregulation of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. The oncogenic microRNAs miR-21 and miR-155 were found to be downregulated by metformin, which may be correlated with the suppression of cell proliferation and/or migration. Conclusions Our data indicate that metformin may play a pivotal role in modulating the anti-oxidant system, including the SOD machinery, in breast cancer-derived cells. Our observations were validated by in silico analyses, indicating a close interaction between SOD and metformin. We also found that metformin may inhibit breast cancer-derived cell proliferation through apoptosis induction via the mitochondrial pathway. Finally, we found that metformin may modulate the pro-apoptotic Bax, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, miR-21 and miR-155 expression levels. These findings may be instrumental for the clinical management and/or (targeted) treatment of breast cancer.Item Identifying the preferred interaction mode of naringin with gold nanoparticles through experimental, DFT and TDDFT techniques: Insights into their sensing and biological applications(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Singh, Baljinder; Rani, Monika; Singh, Janpreet; Moudgil, Lovika; Sharma, Prateek; Kumar, Sanjeev; Saini, G.S.S.; Tripathi, S.K.; Singh, Gurinder; Kaura, AmanIn this work, the binding behaviour of naringin-a flavonoid with AuNPs is explained by combining experimental and theoretical approaches. We have systematically analysed the effect of temperature and concentration of naringin and gold (Au) in the formation of naringin stabilized Au nanoparticles (N-AuNPs). The interaction of naringin with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is investigated by various techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, TEM, FT-IR, XRD and gel electrophoresis. These studies indicate that naringin acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Further, we have modelled the two side chains of naringin with the functional groups [C10H7O2] and [C6H5O]-, and identified the lowest energy configurations of these groups with AuNPs with the help of density functional theory (DFT). The [C10H7O2]-Au13 has higher binding energy than [C6H5O]--Au13 and it is attributed to delocalized molecular orbitals in [C10H7O2], hence higher charge transfer to the Au13 cluster. On the basis of the resulting structures, we examine the optical properties using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). We observe significant changes in the optical spectra of the representative structures of side chains with the AuNPs. The peak in the spectra of the Vis region of [C10H7O2]-Au13 undergoes a shift towards lower wavelength in comparison to [C6H5O]--Au13. Natural transition orbitals (NTOs) of hole and particle states of the [C10H7O2]-Au13 conjugate system are localized on [C10H7O2] and Au13, respectively, whereas for the [C6H5O]--Au13 both hole and particle states are localized on the Au13 cluster. These N-AuNPs show their applicability as a sensor for detecting aluminium ions (Al3+) in aqueous solution. These NPs are also found to be biocompatible with normal red blood cells and MDAMB-231 breast carcinoma cell lines, as evaluated from hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays. Thus, naringin offers non-toxic and bio friendly N-AuNPs, which are considered to be the best vehicle for drug release and other possible biomedical and sensing applications. ? 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Item Amino acid functionalized zinc oxide nanostructures for cytotoxicity effect and hemolytic behavior: Theoretical and experimental studies(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Singh, Satvinder; Singh, Baljinder; Sharma, Prateek; Mittal, Anu; Kumar, Sanjeev; Saini, G.S.S.; Tripathi, S.K.; Singh, Gurinder; Kaura, AmanBlending of theoretical and experimental approach, provide an important strategy in designing the nanostructure at a microscopic level and helps in predicting the response of synthesized material towards inhibition of the growth of breast cancer cell. In this work, ab initio calculations using super cell approach are performed for three different amino acids (AAs)-Histidine (His), Arginine (Arg) and Aspartic acid (Asp) coated Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures to explain the growth mechanism of nanoparticles (NPs) of different shapes. Based on the first principles calculations, we reveal that ZnO-AA (Arg and Asp) NPs results in rod like and ZnO-His NPs lead to tablet like configuration. Similar morphologies are fabricated using AAs through synthetic route. The effect of concentration ratio of reactants and pH has been studied. As synthesized samples, are characterized by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and UV?Vis spectroscopy techniques. Based on the results, a plausible mechanism of formation of nanostructures has been proposed. The nanostructures with rod like morphology are found to be biocompatible with normal red blood cells and show cytotoxic effect as evaluated from hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays on breast (MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231) & prostate cancer (PC-3) cell lines. ? 2017 Elsevier LtdItem Misconstrued versatility of Ganoderma lucidum: a key player in multi-targeted cellular signaling(Springer, 2016) Gill, Balraj Singh; Sharma, Prateek; Kumar, Raj; Kumar, SanjeevA Basidiomycetes fungus belonging to polypore family of mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum (GL), has been known since a long time for their myriad therapeutic indications. Renowned as an invaluable resource of cardinal mycoconstituents they encompass numerous terpenoids polysaccharides and proteins. Possessing the therapeutically potent lanosteroidal skeleton, terpenoids are upheld for their invariable participation in therapeutically diverse bioactivities. Polysaccharides and proteins exhibiting distinguishable bioactivities provide this oriental mushroom with additional edges over immune function and anti-cancer potential. This review is a concerted effort to throw light upon the therapeutic versatility of the fungus, shadowed by various other natural products. An effort has been made towards conglomerating the mycoconstituents decisive for the many activities portrayed by this fungus. More importantly, this review seeks to fathom the inextricable role played by derivatives in modulating signaling cascades such as downregulation of various mitogenic pathways, inhibiting growth factors, or upregulating certain pathways enhancing cellular integrity.