Department Of Botany

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Author: search.filters.author.Swapnil, Prashant

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    Soil Microbiome: Diversity, Benefits and Interactions with Plants
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-10-09T00:00:00) Chauhan, Poonam; Sharma, Neha; Tapwal, Ashwani; Kumar, Ajay; Verma, Gaurav Swaroop; Meena, Mukesh; Seth, Chandra Shekhar; Swapnil, Prashant
    Plant roots aid the growth and functions of several kinds of microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, endophytic bacteria, actinomycetes, nematodes, protozoans which may impart significant impacts on plant health and growth. Plant soil�microbe interaction is an intricate, continuous, and dynamic process that occurs in a distinct zone known as the rhizosphere. Plants interact with these soil microbes in a variety of ways, including competitive, exploitative, neutral, commensal, and symbiotic relationships. Both plant and soil types were found to have an impact on the community diversity and structure of the rhizosphere, or vice versa. The diversity of microorganisms in soil is thought to be essential for the management of soil health and quality because it has different plant growth-promoting or biocontrol effects that could be very advantageous for the host plant and alter plant physiology and nutrition. The composition of microbial community is influenced by soil and plant type. Besides these beneficial microbes, the soil also harbors microorganisms that are detrimental to plants, competing for nutrients and space, and causing diseases. Numerous microorganisms have antagonistic activity and the ability to defend plants from soil-borne diseases. The study of the soil microbiome is essential for formulating strategies for transforming the rhizosphere to the benefit of the plants. This review pays special emphasis on the types of microbial populations in the soil and how they influence plant growth, nutrient acquisition, inter-relationships between soil microbes and plants, stress resistance, carbon sequestration, and phytoremediation. � 2023 by the authors.
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    Functional characterization of microbes and their association with unwanted substance for wastewater treatment processes
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023-07-06T00:00:00) Swapnil, Prashant; Singh, Laishram Amarjit; Mandal, Chandan; Sahoo, Abhishek; Batool, Farida; Anuradha; Meena, Mukesh; Kumari, Pritee; Harish; Zehra, Andleeb
    Nowadays, microorganisms can be used to eliminate a variety of pollutants such as toxic metal ions from wastewater. These emergences of harmful elements in wastewater, high-priced cultivation of microbes and technical hitches in industrial scale production appeared as main challenges for thriving coupling of microbes with wastewater. These microbes serve as potential sorbents by following suitable adsorption mechanisms. There are some photobioreactors have been also mentioned in this review which is based on microbial biofilm and emerged as an alternative technology to predictable photosynthetic systems for treatment of wastewater based on biomass production at low cost. Bioremediation using different microbes showed contrast results to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Microorganism such as Nostoc sp., Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus lentulus and Aspergillus niger remediate 99.6, 99.89, 99.7 and 98 % of Pb, Cr, Cu and Ni, respectively. In this review, mechanistic approaches and distinct pathways of the microbes for removal of various inorganic and organic compounds from wastewater have been methodically discussed. We have also discussed some major commercial production challenges such as techno-economic feasibility genetic engineering research and biorefinery approach. Overall the review discussed the microbial biodiversity in wastewater and their role in remediation of wastewater and their ability to be a potent candidate headed for sustainable industrial wastewater treatment applications through different approaches such as phytoremediation and bioremediation. This article provides valuable insights into multiple aspects of environmental biotechnology, including photobioreactors, metal uptake capacity of microorganisms, heavy metal contamination and its effects and bioremediation using molecular approaches and wastewater treatment through phytoremediation. Moreover, it contributes to our understanding of these topics and can help in the development of sustainable solutions for environmental remediation and pollution control in wastewater though microorganisms. � 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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    Immune signaling networks in plant-pathogen interactions
    (Elsevier, 2023-04-21T00:00:00) Zehra, Andleeb; Meena, Mukesh; Swapnil, Prashant
    Plants and their pathogens are in a constant coevolutionary fight for dominance. The consequences of these interactions are particularly important for human activities as they may have significant implications for agricultural systems. Plants use a number of cell-surface and intracellular immunological receptors to detect and respond to a variety of immunogenic signals associated with pathogen infection. Plants have a remarkable ability to identify pathogens using both conserved and varied pathogen elicitors, and modify the defense response by secreting virulence effector chemicals. The recent confluence of molecular studies of plant immunity and pathogen invasion tactics has revealed a more comprehensive picture of the plant-pathogen relationship from the perspective of both species. Here, we review the activation of different immune receptors and outline our current understanding of their signaling pathways. We also go over how different receptors are grouped into networks and what this means for the integration of complicated threat signals into appropriate defense outputs. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Advantageous features of plant growth-promoting microorganisms to improve plant growth in difficult conditions
    (Elsevier, 2023-04-21T00:00:00) Meena, Mukesh; Yadav, Garima; Sonigra, Priyankaraj; Nagda, Adhishree; Mehta, Tushar; Swapnil, Prashant; Marwal, Avinash; Zehra, Andleeb
    Microbes play a fundamental role in plant growth and development. The valuable microbes, also known as plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) belong to different groups such as fungi, bacteria, and archaea which are connected with plants in rhizospheric, epiphytic, and endophytic forms. These microorganisms display a group of function to promote plant growth such as phytohormone (auxin and gibberellin) production enhancement, siderophore production, micronutrient solubilization (P, K, Fe, and Zn), N2 fixation, antibiotic production, etc. Apart from growth promotion, PGPMs also confer stress and disease tolerance to plants for controlled agricultural production in harsh environmental conditions. PGPMs have the capability to induce systemic resistance (ISR) in crops against pathogen attack. To date, a huge number of microbial species have been documented for their plant growth-promoting ability. Generally, crops fail to provide adequate concentration of micronutrients in the human diet and cause micronutrient malnutrition and severe health complications. Considering all these points, PGPMs are utilized as biofertilizers to increase vigor and the nutrient value of crop plants at varied habitats. The present chapter is intended to focus the ability of PGPMs to perk up the plant growth in difficult conditions. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Plant-Microbe Interaction - Recent Advances in Molecular and Biochemical Approaches: Volume 1: Overview of Biochemical and Physiological Alteration During Plant-Microbe Interaction
    (Elsevier, 2023-04-21T00:00:00) Swapnil, Prashant; Meena, Mukesh; Harish; Marwal, Avinash; Vijayalakshmi, Selvakumar; Zehra, Andleeb
    Plant-Microbe Interaction - Recent Advances in Molecular and Biochemical Approaches: Overview of Biochemical and Physiological Alteration During Plant-Microbe Interaction, Volume One covers the role of these plant microbes and their interaction between plants and microbes. These beneficial microbes, such as bacteria and fungi are also known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) through a biochemical reaction that may improve induced systemic resistance in the plant host via indirectly (against phytopathogens) or directly (the solubilization of mineral nutrients) by producing phytohormones and specific enzymes such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase.� The book covers biochemical processes such as physiological, metabolic, etc. of plant and microbe interactions, the biochemistry of biological systems, the interaction of biological systems above-ground or within the rhizosphere, and the history of growth promoting microbiomes, their roles in phytoremediation efficiency, physiological and biochemical studies, chemical communication and signaling mechanisms. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Plant-Microbe Interaction - Recent Advances in Molecular and Biochemical Approaches: Volume 2: Agricultural Aspects of Microbiome Leading to Plant Defence
    (Elsevier, 2023-04-21T00:00:00) Swapnil, Prashant; Meena, Mukesh; Harish; Marwal, Avinash; Vijayalakshmi, Selvakumar; Zehra, Andleeb
    Plant-Microbe Interaction - Recent Advances in Molecular and Biochemical Approaches: Agricultural Aspects of Microbiome Leading to Plant Defence, Volume Two continues the work of Volume One, covering the role of these plant microbes and their interaction between plants and microbes. These beneficial microbes, such as bacteria and fungi are also known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) through a biochemical reaction that may improve induced systemic resistance in the plant host via indirectly (against phytopathogens) or directly (the solubilization of mineral nutrients) by producing phytohormones and specific enzymes such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase. The book covers biochemical processes such as physiological, metabolic, etc. of plant and microbe interactions, the biochemistry of biological systems, the interaction of biological systems above-ground or within the rhizosphere, and the history of growth promoting microbiomes, their roles in phytoremediation efficiency, physiological and biochemical studies, chemical communication and signaling mechanisms. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Understanding plant-plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) interactions for inducing plant defense
    (Elsevier, 2023-04-21T00:00:00) Seth, Kunal; Vyas, Pallavi; Deora, Sandhya; Gupta, Amit Kumar; Meena, Mukesh; Swapnil, Prashant; Harish
    Rhizobacteria fostering plant growth have received considerable attention in modern agriculture as they are capable of enhancing growth of the plants and are also a chemical fertilizer replacement. Besides enhancing growth, many PGPRs are recognized to induce plant defenses while in contact with the host plant. The plants have a nonspecific and broad-spectrum immune system to protect themselves from the diverse array of phytopathogens compared to innate immune system of animals. Depending on the type of interaction, plants cope with the invader attack through the activation of different defense mechanisms. In locally and systemically induced resistance responses, the main activator is salicylic acid (SA). However, studies have demonstrated that both ethylene and jasmonic acid (JA) are the main signaling molecules for induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediated by the rhizobacteria. For generating systemic resistance, different rhizobacteria exploit different mechanisms like some activate SAR (SA-dependent) pathway, while others activate ISR (ethylene/JA-dependent) pathway. Interestingly, coactivation of the ethylene/JA-dependent and the salicylic acid-dependent pathways has been shown to result in a synergistic effect on the acquired induced resistance. Few reports have suggested toward adaptive immune responses in plants and existence of immunological memory. The importance of PGPR in initiating plant defense against biotic stress, plant-PGPR interactions, and the PGPR significance in defense priming are discussed in this chapter. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Regulatory Mechanisms for the Conservation of Endangered Plant Species, Chlorophytum tuberosum�Potential Medicinal Plant Species
    (MDPI, 2023-04-10T00:00:00) Zehra, Andleeb; Meena, Mukesh; Jadhav, Dhanaji M.; Swapnil, Prashant; Harish
    The present review paper is an attempt to examine and provide an overview of the various conservation strategies and regulatory framework to protect endangered plants, including Chlorophytum tuberosum, popularly known as Safed Musli in the local language. C. tuberosum belongs to the family Liliaceae and is being used in the indigenous systems of medicine as a galactagogue, aphrodisiac, antitumor, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, anti-ageing, antimicrobial, etc. This plant has great medicinal and commercial value and is part of the Biological Diversity Act, but due to a lack of effective conservation, it is on the verge of extinction because of natural and manmade reasons, such as loss of habitat, climate change, pollution, excessive harvesting, etc. The most valuable medicinal plants have great importance; hence, many conservation techniques are being employed to protect them. In furtherance to the conservation of such plant species, strategic efforts, in the form of laws and policies, are laid; however, existing legislative mechanisms and policy parameters are not sufficient to overcome the challenges of conservation of such plant species, including Safed Musli, hence, this plant has been considered as a critically endangered plant in India. It is pertinent to note that we do not have specific legislation enacted for the protection of plant species; however, efforts are being made to conserve it under various laws, such as the Forest Conservation Act, Biological Diversity Act 2002, and many other allied legislations. This basic legislation of the Biological Diversity Act also lacks focal attention on the conservation of endangered plant species. Moreover, decentralization of power and actual community participation in conservation practices are also missing. A cumulative effect of both scientific measures and legal mechanisms supported by community participation may produce better results in the conservation of plant species, including Safed Musli. The protection of rich sources and biological diversity is not being taken as seriously as it ought to be, hence, it is necessary to improve awareness and public participation in conservation techniques with effective legislation for the conservation of highly endangered plant species. � 2023 by the authors.
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    A review on phytotoxicity and defense mechanism of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on plants
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023-03-16T00:00:00) Kumar, Sumit; Masurkar, Prahlad; Sravani, Bana; Bag, Dipanjali; Sharma, Kamal Ravi; Singh, Prashant; Korra, Tulasi; Meena, Mukesh; Swapnil, Prashant; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana
    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are noteworthy used nanomaterials in a wide array of fields, particularly in the agricultural sector. Plants play a multifarious role in the ecosystem and provide a source of food for mankind. The responsibility of the scientific community is to recognize the deleterious impact of AgNPs (1�100�nm in size) on critical crop growth and development of plants, which is required for the assessment of environmental threats to plant, human, and animal health. The continued use of AgNPs in agriculture areas may have negative effects on plant biochemical and physiological responses. The current context focused mainly on AgNPs uptake, transport, and accumulation on crop plants and summarizes different levels of phytotoxicity of AgNPs on plant functions and focused on mechanisms of phytotoxicity employed by AgNPs. Moreover, some tolerance mechanisms and various survival strategies developed by plants under AgNPs toxicity are discussed. This background provides comprehensive information necessary to facilitate profound understanding of the toxic impacts of AgNPs on crop plants. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
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    Biofilm matrix proteins
    (Elsevier, 2023-01-19T00:00:00) Sharma, Surbhi; Meena, Mukesh; Marwal, Avinash; Swapnil, Prashant
    Biofilms are aggregates of diverse communities of microorganisms that are attached to living or inert surfaces. Microorganisms attach irreversibly to various surfaces and produce many extracellular polymers, which facilitate their growth, resulting in a matrix formation. The extracellular components, which make up the biofilm matrix, are primarily composed of water, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, exopolysaccharides, and various other biopolymers that can vary depending on the microorganisms and different growth conditions. Matrix proteins play a vital role in the structure and stability of biofilm. The integrity of cells attached to biofilm is regulated by extracellular proteins, which supply nutrients and support the growth of microorganisms. In this chapter, we discuss biofilm composition and the function of proteins in the extracellular matrix. � 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.