Department Of Botany

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Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Assessing the potential for nevirapine removal and its ecotoxicological effects on Coelastrella tenuitheca and Tetradesmus obliquus in aqueous environment
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022-11-29T00:00:00) Reddy, Karen; Renuka, Nirmal; Kumari, Sheena; Ratha, Sachitra Kumar; Moodley, Brenda; Pillay, Kriveshin; Bux, Faizal
    Remediation of the antiretroviral (ARV) drug, nevirapine (NVP) has attracted considerable scientific attention in recent years due to its frequent detection and persistence in aquatic environments and potential hazards to living organisms. Algae-based technologies have been emerging as an environmentally friendly option for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds, but their ARV drug removal potential has not been fully explored yet. This study aimed to explore the ecotoxicity and removal potential of NVP by two microalgal species, Coelastrella tenuitheca and Tetradesmus obliquus. Lower environmental concentrations (up to 200 ng L?1) of NVP enhanced the microalgal growth, and the highest dry cell weight of 941.27 mg L?1 was obtained in T. obliquus at 50 ng L?1 NVP concentration. Both microalgae showed varying removal efficiencies (19.53�74.56%) when exposed to NVP concentration levels of up to 4000 ng L?1. At the late log phase (day 8), T. obliquus removed the highest percentage of NVP (74.56%), while C. tenuitheca removed 48% at an initial NVP concentration of 50 ng L?1. Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm and rETR) of the two microalgal species, however, was not affected by environmental concentrations of NVP (up to 4000 ng L?1) at the mid log phase of growth. SEM analysis demonstrated that both algal species produced distinct ridges on their cell surfaces after NVP uptake. In the ecotoxicity study, the calculated IC50 values of NVP (0�100 mg L?1) after 96 h of exposure were 23.45 mg L?1 (C. tenuitheca) and 18.20 mg L?1 (T. obliquus). The findings of the present study may contribute to a better understanding of the environmental hazards associated with NVP and the efficacy of microalgae in removing this pharmaceutical from aquatic environments. � 2022 Elsevier Ltd
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    Impact of light on microalgal photosynthetic microbial fuel cells and removal of pollutants by nanoadsorbent biopolymers: Updates, challenges and innovations
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2021-10-20T00:00:00) Khan, Mohd Jahir; Singh, Nikhil; Mishra, Sudhanshu; Ahirwar, Ankesh; Bast, Felix; Varjani, Sunita; Schoefs, Benoit; Marchand, Justine; Rajendran, Karthik; Banu, J. Rajesh; Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya; Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh; Vinayak, Vandana
    Photosynthetic microbial fuel cells (PMFCs) with microalgae have huge potential for treating wastewater while simultaneously converting light energy into electrical energy. The efficiency of such cells directly depends on algal growth, which depends on light intensity. Higher light intensity results in increased potential as well as enhancement in generation of biomass rich in biopolymers. Such biopolymers are produced either by microbes at anode and algae at cathode or vice versa. The biopolymers recovered from these biological sources can be added in wastewater alone or in combination with nanomaterials to act as nanoadsorbents. These nanoadsorbents further increase the efficiency of PMFC by removing the pollutants like metals and dyes. In this review firstly the effect of different light intensities on the growth of microalgae, importance of diatoms in a PMFC and their impact on PMFCs efficiencies have been narrated. Secondly recovery of biopolymers from different biological sources and their role in removal of metals, dyes along with their impact on circular bioeconomy have been discussed. Thereafter bottlenecks and future perspectives in this field of research have been narrated. � 2021 Elsevier Ltd
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    A review on microbial products and their perspective application as antimicrobial agents
    (MDPI, 2021-12-13T00:00:00) Rani, Alka; Saini, Khem Chand; Bast, Felix; Varjani, Sunita; Mehariya, Sanjeet; Bhatia, Shashi Kant; Sharma, Neeta; Funk, Christiane
    Microorganisms including actinomycetes, archaea, bacteria, fungi, yeast, and microalgae are an auspicious source of vital bioactive compounds. In this review, the existing research regard-ing antimicrobial molecules from microorganisms is summarized. The potential antimicrobial compounds from actinomycetes, particularly Streptomyces spp.; archaea; fungi including endophytic, filamentous, and marine-derived fungi, mushroom; and microalgae are briefly described. Further-more, this review briefly summarizes bacteriocins, halocins, sulfolobicin, etc., that target multiple-drug resistant pathogens and considers next-generation antibiotics. This review highlights the pos-sibility of using microorganisms as an antimicrobial resource for biotechnological, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications. However, more investigations are required to isolate, separate, purify, and characterize these bioactive compounds and transfer these primary drugs into clinically approved antibiotics. � 2021 by the authors. Li-censee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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    Microorganisms: A potential source of bioactive molecules for antioxidant applications
    (MDPI AG, 2021-02-22T00:00:00) Rani, Alka; Saini, Khem Chand; Bast, Felix; Mehariya, Sanjeet; Bhatia, Shashi Kant; Lavecchia, Roberto; Zuorro, Antonio
    Oxidative stress originates from an elevated intracellular level of free oxygen radicals that cause lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, DNA hydroxylation, and apoptosis, ultimately impairing cell viability. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which further helps to prevent cellular damage. Medicinal plants, fruits, and spices are the primary sources of antioxidants from time immemorial. In contrast to plants, microorganisms can be used as a source of antioxidants with the advantage of fast growth under controlled conditions. Further, microbe-based antioxidants are nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, and biodegradable as compared to synthetic antioxidants. The present review aims to summarize the current state of the research on the antioxidant activity of microorganisms including actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microalgae, and yeast, which produce a variety of antioxidant compounds, i.e., carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and sterol, etc. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms and signaling pathways followed by antioxidants to scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), especially for those antioxidant compounds that have been scarcely investigated so far. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
  • No Thumbnail Available
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    Assessing the potential for nevirapine removal and its ecotoxicological effects on Coelastrella tenuitheca and Tetradesmus obliquus in aqueous environment
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022-11-29T00:00:00) Reddy, Karen; Renuka, Nirmal; Kumari, Sheena; Ratha, Sachitra Kumar; Moodley, Brenda; Pillay, Kriveshin; Bux, Faizal
    Remediation of the antiretroviral (ARV) drug, nevirapine (NVP) has attracted considerable scientific attention in recent years due to its frequent detection and persistence in aquatic environments and potential hazards to living organisms. Algae-based technologies have been emerging as an environmentally friendly option for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds, but their ARV drug removal potential has not been fully explored yet. This study aimed to explore the ecotoxicity and removal potential of NVP by two microalgal species, Coelastrella tenuitheca and Tetradesmus obliquus. Lower environmental concentrations (up to 200 ng L?1) of NVP enhanced the microalgal growth, and the highest dry cell weight of 941.27 mg L?1 was obtained in T. obliquus at 50 ng L?1 NVP concentration. Both microalgae showed varying removal efficiencies (19.53�74.56%) when exposed to NVP concentration levels of up to 4000 ng L?1. At the late log phase (day 8), T. obliquus removed the highest percentage of NVP (74.56%), while C. tenuitheca removed 48% at an initial NVP concentration of 50 ng L?1. Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm and rETR) of the two microalgal species, however, was not affected by environmental concentrations of NVP (up to 4000 ng L?1) at the mid log phase of growth. SEM analysis demonstrated that both algal species produced distinct ridges on their cell surfaces after NVP uptake. In the ecotoxicity study, the calculated IC50 values of NVP (0�100 mg L?1) after 96 h of exposure were 23.45 mg L?1 (C. tenuitheca) and 18.20 mg L?1 (T. obliquus). The findings of the present study may contribute to a better understanding of the environmental hazards associated with NVP and the efficacy of microalgae in removing this pharmaceutical from aquatic environments. � 2022 Elsevier Ltd
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Impact of light on microalgal photosynthetic microbial fuel cells and removal of pollutants by nanoadsorbent biopolymers: Updates, challenges and innovations
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2021-10-20T00:00:00) Khan, Mohd Jahir; Singh, Nikhil; Mishra, Sudhanshu; Ahirwar, Ankesh; Bast, Felix; Varjani, Sunita; Schoefs, Benoit; Marchand, Justine; Rajendran, Karthik; Banu, J. Rajesh; Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya; Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh; Vinayak, Vandana
    Photosynthetic microbial fuel cells (PMFCs) with microalgae have huge potential for treating wastewater while simultaneously converting light energy into electrical energy. The efficiency of such cells directly depends on algal growth, which depends on light intensity. Higher light intensity results in increased potential as well as enhancement in generation of biomass rich in biopolymers. Such biopolymers are produced either by microbes at anode and algae at cathode or vice versa. The biopolymers recovered from these biological sources can be added in wastewater alone or in combination with nanomaterials to act as nanoadsorbents. These nanoadsorbents further increase the efficiency of PMFC by removing the pollutants like metals and dyes. In this review firstly the effect of different light intensities on the growth of microalgae, importance of diatoms in a PMFC and their impact on PMFCs efficiencies have been narrated. Secondly recovery of biopolymers from different biological sources and their role in removal of metals, dyes along with their impact on circular bioeconomy have been discussed. Thereafter bottlenecks and future perspectives in this field of research have been narrated. � 2021 Elsevier Ltd
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    A review on microbial products and their perspective application as antimicrobial agents
    (MDPI, 2021-12-13T00:00:00) Rani, Alka; Saini, Khem Chand; Bast, Felix; Varjani, Sunita; Mehariya, Sanjeet; Bhatia, Shashi Kant; Sharma, Neeta; Funk, Christiane
    Microorganisms including actinomycetes, archaea, bacteria, fungi, yeast, and microalgae are an auspicious source of vital bioactive compounds. In this review, the existing research regard-ing antimicrobial molecules from microorganisms is summarized. The potential antimicrobial compounds from actinomycetes, particularly Streptomyces spp.; archaea; fungi including endophytic, filamentous, and marine-derived fungi, mushroom; and microalgae are briefly described. Further-more, this review briefly summarizes bacteriocins, halocins, sulfolobicin, etc., that target multiple-drug resistant pathogens and considers next-generation antibiotics. This review highlights the pos-sibility of using microorganisms as an antimicrobial resource for biotechnological, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications. However, more investigations are required to isolate, separate, purify, and characterize these bioactive compounds and transfer these primary drugs into clinically approved antibiotics. � 2021 by the authors. Li-censee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Microorganisms: A potential source of bioactive molecules for antioxidant applications
    (MDPI AG, 2021-02-22T00:00:00) Rani, Alka; Saini, Khem Chand; Bast, Felix; Mehariya, Sanjeet; Bhatia, Shashi Kant; Lavecchia, Roberto; Zuorro, Antonio
    Oxidative stress originates from an elevated intracellular level of free oxygen radicals that cause lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, DNA hydroxylation, and apoptosis, ultimately impairing cell viability. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which further helps to prevent cellular damage. Medicinal plants, fruits, and spices are the primary sources of antioxidants from time immemorial. In contrast to plants, microorganisms can be used as a source of antioxidants with the advantage of fast growth under controlled conditions. Further, microbe-based antioxidants are nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, and biodegradable as compared to synthetic antioxidants. The present review aims to summarize the current state of the research on the antioxidant activity of microorganisms including actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microalgae, and yeast, which produce a variety of antioxidant compounds, i.e., carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and sterol, etc. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms and signaling pathways followed by antioxidants to scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), especially for those antioxidant compounds that have been scarcely investigated so far. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.