Department Of Botany

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Antioxidant potential of ganoderic acid in Notch-1 protein in neuroblastoma
(Springer, 2018) Gill, Balraj Singh; Navgeet; Kuamr, Sanjeev
Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumor arising from developing a sympathetic nervous system and causes around 10% of pediatric tumors. Despite advancement in the use of sophisticated techniques in molecular biology, neuroblastoma patient's survivability rate is very less. Notch pathway is significant in upholding cell maintenance and developmental process of organs. Notch-1 proteins are a ligand-activated transmembrane receptor which decides the fate of the cell. Notch signaling leads to transcription of genes which indulged in numerous diseases including tumor progression. Ganoderic acid, a lanosterol triterpene, isolated from fungus Ganoderma lucidum with a wide range of medicinal values. In the present study, various isoforms of the ganoderic acid and natural inhibitors were docked by molecular docking using Maestro 9 in the Notch-1 signaling pathway. The receptor-based molecular docking exposed the best binding interaction of Notch-1 with ganoderic acid A with GScore (- 8.088), kcal/mol, Lipophilic EvdW (- 1.74), Electro (- 1.18), Glide emodel (- 89.944) with the active participation of Arg 189, Arg 199, Glu 232 residues. On the other hand natural inhibitor, curcumin has GScore (- 7.644), kcal/mol, Lipophilic EvdW (- 2.19), Electro (- 0.73), Glide emodel (- 70.957) with Arg 75 residues involved in docking. The ligand binding affinity of ganoderic acid A in Notch-1 is calculated using MM-GBSA (- 76.782), whereas curcumin has (- 72.815) kcal/mol. The QikProp analyzed the various drug-likeness parameters such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) and isoforms of ganoderic acid require some modification to fall under Lipinski rule. The ganoderic acid A and curcumin were the best-docked among different compounds and exhibits downregulation in Notch-1 mRNA expression and inhibits proliferation, viability, and ROS activity in IMR-32 cells.
Evaluation of chemical composition and groundwater and anticancer properties of citrullus colocynthis
(Central University of Punjab, 2014) Kaur, Jatinder; Bhardwaj, Pankaj
Colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis (L.)) is medicinal plant of family Cucurbitaceae which is the native of Turkey. This plant has been used as anti-inflammatory agent, for the treatment of jaundice, skin infections, and urinary diseases from ancient times. It is anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, antifungal and anti-oxidant in nature and thought to possess anti-cancer properties also. There is no proper study available regarding its anticancer nature. The aim of the study was to estimate the chemical composition of C. colocynthis fruit and the effect of different extracts prepared from C. colocynthis pulp and seeds on various cancer cell lines. These extracts were found to contain number of secondary metabolites which may further have useful and healing properties. When cancer cells were treated with different prepared extracts, the cell viability of various cancer cells was reduced effectively. Effect of p53 gene was also analysed by using intact p53 as well as p53 mutant cell lines. Antioxidant activity of C. colocynthis was also determined by performing H2DCFDA. Assessment of various antioxidant enzymes such as Catalase, SOD, and Glutathione reductase was also done and found to be present in this fruit. We also analysed the protective effect of C. colocynthis by first treating the cells with pesticides and then with colocynthis extracts. Results indicate that C. colocynthis neutralized the harmful effect of pesticides. The results obtained are encouraging and confirm the value of the use of C. colocynthis as an anticancer agent for fighting against various cancers. It may be helpful to find the exact component responsible for the protective action of C. colocynthis.
Ganoderic acid targeting nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 in lung cancer
(Sage, 2017) Gill, Balraj Singh; Kumar, Sanjeev; Navgeet
Lung cancer causes huge mortality worldwide, and targeting new pathway may provide an alternative in modulating signaling in cancer. Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 is the major regulator of endogenous and exogenous stress by activating numerous antioxidant genes critical in cancer, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Ganoderic acid is a triterpene from basiodiomycetes fungus Ganoderma lucidum with numerous therapeutic effects. In this study, ganoderic acid and its 50 isomers and natural activators were docked by receptor-based molecular docking using Maestro 9.6 (Schrödinger Inc.) in the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 signaling pathway. The receptor-based molecular docking reveals the best binding interaction of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 and ganoderic acid A with GScore (−9.69) (kcal/mol), Lipophilic EvdW (−1.83), Electro (−0.72), Glide emodel (−73.369), H bond (−1.1), molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (−75.541) with Leu 718, Asp 800, Cys 797 residues involved in hydrogen bonding. The calculated docking energy highlights the lipophilic, hydrogen bonding, pi–pi stacking interactions, and non-covalent bonding. Analysis showed the involvement of cysteine and serine residues which were crucial in the activation and translocation from cytoplasm to the nucleus in the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 signaling process. The molecular docking tool QikProp analyzed the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity but needs some modifications in their structure to satisfy Lipinski’s rule. Ganoderic acid A is a best docked isoform which inhibits the cell proliferation, viability, migration, and reactive oxygen species and messenger RNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 in H460 cells.

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