Department Of Botany

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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Status, Issues, and Challenges of Biodiversity: Marine Biota
    (Springer Nature, 2022-09-15T00:00:00) Yadav, Digvijay Singh; Rani, Alka; Dubey, Sheetal; Bast, Felix
    India is one of the mega biodiversity countries, owing to its tropical location and warm climate. With more than 7500 km, India is blessed with a long coastline-one of the longest in the world. However, marine biodiversity remains poorly documented compared with that of terrestrial biodiversity. On top of it, the threats from climate change are imminent and have already started wreaking havoc on species diversity, for instance, ocean acidification causing coral bleaching in the atolls of the Laccadive Islands. A systematic approach to acquiring complete and exhaustive knowledge about marine biodiversity may help us understand the extent of anthropogenic damage and take appropriate actions and policies to prevent further loss. Currently, we merely know the tip of the global biodiversity iceberg; with merely 1.3 million species characterized yet, estimates suggest there might be around 9 million species of eukaryotes alone. Conserving biodiversity is crucial not only for ecosystem services but also for future generations as a possible revenue generator-the so called bequest value. This chapter reviews the status of marine biodiversity along India�s coasts, efforts on its economic utilization, and the impact of climate change. � Indian National Science Academy 2022.
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    Arctic biodiversity amidst looming climate apocalypse: Current status and way forward
    (Elsevier, 2021-08-27T00:00:00) Rani, Alka; Gupta, Kriti; Saini, Khem Chand; Narwal, Sahil; Bast, Felix
    Arctic region is at the forefront of climate crisis; this is where the planet is warming maximally and the effects of climate change are most obvious. In this review, we introduce the topic in broader perspective by discussing first on why Arctic biodiversity matters, and scientific evidences for a changing Arctic biodiversity due to climate change. The Arctic then dwells into the current status of Arctic biodiversity covering species diversity and its conservation status with an emphasis on species important for bioprospecting. Subsequently, threats to Arctic biodiversity will be reviewed including climate change, shipping, oil exploration, overfishing, and overharvesting. This essay would then further deliberate why Arctic matters to India in particular. Himadri-Indian research station at Svalbard, Norway-will be briefed followed by an overview of Svalbard Global Seed Vault and why signing a pact with this international facility would benefit the country. The essay concludes with final thoughts and way forward including strategies to minimize Arctic biodiversity loss, UN SDGs (Ssustainable Ddevelopment Ggoals), and climate action. � 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Status, Issues, and Challenges of Biodiversity: Marine Biota
    (Springer Nature, 2022-09-15T00:00:00) Yadav, Digvijay Singh; Rani, Alka; Dubey, Sheetal; Bast, Felix
    India is one of the mega biodiversity countries, owing to its tropical location and warm climate. With more than 7500 km, India is blessed with a long coastline-one of the longest in the world. However, marine biodiversity remains poorly documented compared with that of terrestrial biodiversity. On top of it, the threats from climate change are imminent and have already started wreaking havoc on species diversity, for instance, ocean acidification causing coral bleaching in the atolls of the Laccadive Islands. A systematic approach to acquiring complete and exhaustive knowledge about marine biodiversity may help us understand the extent of anthropogenic damage and take appropriate actions and policies to prevent further loss. Currently, we merely know the tip of the global biodiversity iceberg; with merely 1.3 million species characterized yet, estimates suggest there might be around 9 million species of eukaryotes alone. Conserving biodiversity is crucial not only for ecosystem services but also for future generations as a possible revenue generator-the so called bequest value. This chapter reviews the status of marine biodiversity along India�s coasts, efforts on its economic utilization, and the impact of climate change. � Indian National Science Academy 2022.
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    Arctic biodiversity amidst looming climate apocalypse: Current status and way forward
    (Elsevier, 2021-08-27T00:00:00) Rani, Alka; Gupta, Kriti; Saini, Khem Chand; Narwal, Sahil; Bast, Felix
    Arctic region is at the forefront of climate crisis; this is where the planet is warming maximally and the effects of climate change are most obvious. In this review, we introduce the topic in broader perspective by discussing first on why Arctic biodiversity matters, and scientific evidences for a changing Arctic biodiversity due to climate change. The Arctic then dwells into the current status of Arctic biodiversity covering species diversity and its conservation status with an emphasis on species important for bioprospecting. Subsequently, threats to Arctic biodiversity will be reviewed including climate change, shipping, oil exploration, overfishing, and overharvesting. This essay would then further deliberate why Arctic matters to India in particular. Himadri-Indian research station at Svalbard, Norway-will be briefed followed by an overview of Svalbard Global Seed Vault and why signing a pact with this international facility would benefit the country. The essay concludes with final thoughts and way forward including strategies to minimize Arctic biodiversity loss, UN SDGs (Ssustainable Ddevelopment Ggoals), and climate action. � 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Genetic diversity and population structure of Melia azedarach in North-Western Plains of India
    (Springer Verlag, 2016) Thakur, Sapna; Choudhary, Shruti; Singh, Amandeep; Ahmad, Kamal; Sharma, Gagan; Majeed, Aasim; Bhardwaj, Pankaj
    Key message: Genetic structure amongM. azedarachpopulations was detected and two subpopulations were present among them. A significant ?isolation by distance? was found inM. azedarachpopulation in North-Western Plains of India. Abstract: Melia azedarach is an important forest tree with pharmaceutical, insecticidal, pesticidal, and commercial significance. It is a good reforestation tree because of its fast growth and drought hardy nature. Genetic variation in a species allows itself to adapt, evolve and respond to environmental stress. It provides the basis for survival of a species and critically influences its evolutionary potential. Assessment of genetic diversity is necessary for improvement and conservation of a species. For this, microsatellite markers are of particular interest given the attributes like co-dominance, reproducibility, hyper variability and abundance throughout the genome. In the present study, we analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure of M. azedarach, an ecologically imperative species growing in the North-Western Plains of India. We developed 43 microsatellite markers, of which 20 were subsequently employed for analysis of diversity and population structure among 33 populations encompassing 318 genotypes representing North-Western Plains of India. A moderate level of diversity (Na?=?5.1, Ho?=?0.506, He?=?0.712, I?=?1.386) was assessed. The highest value of ?K estimated using STRUCTURE indicated 2 subpopulations (K?=?2). AMOVA exhibited 73?% variation within populations and 12?% variation was found among regions. Significant positive correlation between geographical and genetic distance was found (Rxy?=?0.365, P?=?0.010). The present study lays a foundation on a better understanding of genetic dynamics of the species and reveals its diversity and population structure in North-Western Plains of India. ? 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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    DNA barcoding of a new record of epi-endophytic green algae Ulvella leptochaete (Ulvellaceae, Chlorophyta) in India
    (Springer India, 2014) Bast, Felix; Bhushan, S.; John, A.A.
    Epi-endophytic green algae comprise one of the most diverse and phylogenetically primitive groups of green algae and are considered to be ubiquitous in the world's oceans; however, no reports of these algae exist from India. Here we report the serendipitous discovery of Ulvella growing on intertidal green algae Cladophora glomerata and benthic red algae Laurencia obtusa collected from India. DNA barcodes at nuclear ribosomal DNA Internal Transcriber Spacer (nrDNA ITS) 1 and 2 regions for Indian isolates from the west and east coasts have been generated for the first time. Based on morphology and DNA barcoding, isolates were identified as Ulvella leptochaete. Phylogenetic reconstruction of concatenated dataset using Maximum Likelihood method differentiated Indian isolates from other accessions of this alga available in Genbank, albeit with low bootstrap support. Monophyly of Ulvella leptochaete was obvious in both of our phylogenetic analyses. With this first report of epi-endophytic algae from Indian territorial waters, the dire need to catalogue its cryptic diversity is highlighted and avenues of future research are discussed. ? 2014 Indian Academy of Sciences.