Department Of Botany

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Heavy metals

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    Functional characterization of microbes and their association with unwanted substance for wastewater treatment processes
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023-07-06T00:00:00) Swapnil, Prashant; Singh, Laishram Amarjit; Mandal, Chandan; Sahoo, Abhishek; Batool, Farida; Anuradha; Meena, Mukesh; Kumari, Pritee; Harish; Zehra, Andleeb
    Nowadays, microorganisms can be used to eliminate a variety of pollutants such as toxic metal ions from wastewater. These emergences of harmful elements in wastewater, high-priced cultivation of microbes and technical hitches in industrial scale production appeared as main challenges for thriving coupling of microbes with wastewater. These microbes serve as potential sorbents by following suitable adsorption mechanisms. There are some photobioreactors have been also mentioned in this review which is based on microbial biofilm and emerged as an alternative technology to predictable photosynthetic systems for treatment of wastewater based on biomass production at low cost. Bioremediation using different microbes showed contrast results to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Microorganism such as Nostoc sp., Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus lentulus and Aspergillus niger remediate 99.6, 99.89, 99.7 and 98 % of Pb, Cr, Cu and Ni, respectively. In this review, mechanistic approaches and distinct pathways of the microbes for removal of various inorganic and organic compounds from wastewater have been methodically discussed. We have also discussed some major commercial production challenges such as techno-economic feasibility genetic engineering research and biorefinery approach. Overall the review discussed the microbial biodiversity in wastewater and their role in remediation of wastewater and their ability to be a potent candidate headed for sustainable industrial wastewater treatment applications through different approaches such as phytoremediation and bioremediation. This article provides valuable insights into multiple aspects of environmental biotechnology, including photobioreactors, metal uptake capacity of microorganisms, heavy metal contamination and its effects and bioremediation using molecular approaches and wastewater treatment through phytoremediation. Moreover, it contributes to our understanding of these topics and can help in the development of sustainable solutions for environmental remediation and pollution control in wastewater though microorganisms. � 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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    Environmental Friendly Technologies for Remediation of Toxic Heavy Metals: Pragmatic Approaches for Environmental Management
    (Springer International Publishing, 2022-05-06T00:00:00) Sharma, Ritika; Saini, Khem Chand; Rajput, Sneh; Kumar, Mohit; Mehariya, Sanjeet; Karthikeyan, Obulisamy Parthiba; Bast, Felix
    Contamination of different environmental matrices (air, soil, and water) by toxic heavy metals is a widespread problem that disturbs the environment as an outcome of many anthropocentric practices. Heavy metals exceeding the permissible limits exert deleterious impacts on human beings, causing life-threatening health manifestations and detrimental effects on the environment. This has alarmed the dire need to explore various modern remediation techniques that can be utilized to lower excessive concentrations. Owing to their high-cost effectiveness, unsatisfactory output, environmentally unfriendly, complicated procedure, and high operational costs, these technologies failed to find any practical utility in remediation. On the other hand, plants and associated microorganisms are receiving more consideration as a means of remediating or degrading environmental pollutants. This chapter provides us insights into the various environmental friendly techniques that will improve our environment�s quality. Among which, phytoremediation is considered an effective technique which is known for its esthetic benefits and endless applicability. Furthermore, metal-resistant bacteria (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) are also reported to play a pivotal role in the phytoremediation and solubilization of minerals. Thus, this chapter critically reviews the phytoremediation technology and the efficient exploitation of microbes to alleviate the environmental burden of toxic heavy metals. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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    Functional characterization of microbes and their association with unwanted substance for wastewater treatment processes
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023-07-06T00:00:00) Swapnil, Prashant; Singh, Laishram Amarjit; Mandal, Chandan; Sahoo, Abhishek; Batool, Farida; Anuradha; Meena, Mukesh; Kumari, Pritee; Harish; Zehra, Andleeb
    Nowadays, microorganisms can be used to eliminate a variety of pollutants such as toxic metal ions from wastewater. These emergences of harmful elements in wastewater, high-priced cultivation of microbes and technical hitches in industrial scale production appeared as main challenges for thriving coupling of microbes with wastewater. These microbes serve as potential sorbents by following suitable adsorption mechanisms. There are some photobioreactors have been also mentioned in this review which is based on microbial biofilm and emerged as an alternative technology to predictable photosynthetic systems for treatment of wastewater based on biomass production at low cost. Bioremediation using different microbes showed contrast results to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Microorganism such as Nostoc sp., Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus lentulus and Aspergillus niger remediate 99.6, 99.89, 99.7 and 98 % of Pb, Cr, Cu and Ni, respectively. In this review, mechanistic approaches and distinct pathways of the microbes for removal of various inorganic and organic compounds from wastewater have been methodically discussed. We have also discussed some major commercial production challenges such as techno-economic feasibility genetic engineering research and biorefinery approach. Overall the review discussed the microbial biodiversity in wastewater and their role in remediation of wastewater and their ability to be a potent candidate headed for sustainable industrial wastewater treatment applications through different approaches such as phytoremediation and bioremediation. This article provides valuable insights into multiple aspects of environmental biotechnology, including photobioreactors, metal uptake capacity of microorganisms, heavy metal contamination and its effects and bioremediation using molecular approaches and wastewater treatment through phytoremediation. Moreover, it contributes to our understanding of these topics and can help in the development of sustainable solutions for environmental remediation and pollution control in wastewater though microorganisms. � 2023 Elsevier Ltd
  • No Thumbnail Available
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    Environmental Friendly Technologies for Remediation of Toxic Heavy Metals: Pragmatic Approaches for Environmental Management
    (Springer International Publishing, 2022-05-06T00:00:00) Sharma, Ritika; Saini, Khem Chand; Rajput, Sneh; Kumar, Mohit; Mehariya, Sanjeet; Karthikeyan, Obulisamy Parthiba; Bast, Felix
    Contamination of different environmental matrices (air, soil, and water) by toxic heavy metals is a widespread problem that disturbs the environment as an outcome of many anthropocentric practices. Heavy metals exceeding the permissible limits exert deleterious impacts on human beings, causing life-threatening health manifestations and detrimental effects on the environment. This has alarmed the dire need to explore various modern remediation techniques that can be utilized to lower excessive concentrations. Owing to their high-cost effectiveness, unsatisfactory output, environmentally unfriendly, complicated procedure, and high operational costs, these technologies failed to find any practical utility in remediation. On the other hand, plants and associated microorganisms are receiving more consideration as a means of remediating or degrading environmental pollutants. This chapter provides us insights into the various environmental friendly techniques that will improve our environment�s quality. Among which, phytoremediation is considered an effective technique which is known for its esthetic benefits and endless applicability. Furthermore, metal-resistant bacteria (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) are also reported to play a pivotal role in the phytoremediation and solubilization of minerals. Thus, this chapter critically reviews the phytoremediation technology and the efficient exploitation of microbes to alleviate the environmental burden of toxic heavy metals. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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    Phytogenetic analysis of bacterial diversity of heavy metal affected
    (Central University of Punjab, 2012) Kumar, Rajeev; Kumar, Sanjeev
    The soil of Bathinda region is affected by heavy metals due to anthropogenic activity, industrial effluent and fly ash. Three soil samples in triplicate were collected from three different places of Bathinda region, abandoned soil, agricultural soil, thermal power plant fly ash soil. Based on 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequence analysis, phylogentic analysis of bacterial diversity was performed. 366 clones were picked and through colony PCR 128 positive clones were chosen. Out of 128 clones, 126 clones were sequenced in three fragments and all three fragments aligned using SeqMan Lasergene ver.10.0 (DNA STAR) software. BLAST analysis of sequenced and aligned samples was carried out at NCBI to find out the homology with different groups of bacteria. All 126 clones aligned for phylogenetic analysis by MEGA 5 (Neighbor Joining method). 32 genus belong to 8 phyla were observed in all three samples. Most dominant phylum is Proteobacteria followed by Bacteriodates. Pseudomonas spp. is dominant in agricultural and thermal power plant soil. Abandoned soil showed maximum diversity followed by thermal power plant soil. In agricultural soil minimum diversity was observed. So with this investigation it can be concluded that lands without anthropogenic activities are rich in bacterial diversity as compared to more anthropogenic active areas.
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    Cellulose: A multifaceted biopolymer
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2016) Majeed, A.; Najar, R.A.; Ul Rehman, W.; Choudhary, S.; Thakur, S.; Singh, A.; Sharma, G.; Bhardwaj, P.
    Cellulose is a common natural polymer with a wide range of industrial, medical, bio fuel, agricultural, textile and paper applications. It exhibits various levels of structural organizations, from individual glucose chains through microfibrils, macrofibrils to cellulose fibers. The synthesizing machinery of cellulose consists of a six subunit plasmamembrane protein complex, cellulose synthase, organized into a rosette structure. Plant cellulose synthases possess additional plant specific motifs that are absent in bacteria. Among the different solvent systems developed for cellulose dissolution, ionic liquids stand at the forefront. Microorganism mediated energy release from cellulose facilitates its use in fuel cells as a source of energy. The nanocomposites of cellulose have revolutionized the medical field and are being chiefly used in tissue engineering, ligament engineering and wound healing. The chemical structure of cellulose make it suitable to form hydrogels which are used in tissue engineering, cartilage modelling, bone implantation, cell culture scaffolds, enhanced drug delivery, heavy metal absorbance, and in retaining soil water and efficient fertilizer release for agricultural efficiency. Besides, cellulose based ethanol production help to reduce the pressure on conventional sources of energy. This chapter focuses on cellulose structure, its synthesizing machinery, trafficking, genes and proteins involved, solubility and solvent systems, its derivatives, composites, hydrogels, fuel cells, ethanol production and degradation. ? 2016 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.