Department Of Botany

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Phylogeography

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    Molecular phylogeography of Ficus benghalensis Linnaeus using nrDNA ITS 1, cpDNA trnL and cpDNA rps16 from the Indian subcontinent
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2019) Sharma S.; Mehra R.; Bast F.
    Ficus benghalensis Linnaeus (Moraceae) is the national tree of India and is well known for its pharmacolo-gical properties. The present study was aimed to determine the genetic diversity of F. benghalensis from the Indian subcontinent using sequence-based multi-locus phylogeography. A total of 20 geograph-ical isolates were collected from different regions, cov-ering major parts of its species range within the country. Sequence data from nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1), plastid-encoded trnL-F spacer region (trnL) and ribosomal intron re-gion (rps16) were generated. The trnL-based maxi-mum likelihood phylogram revealed the existence of two haplotypes, whereas ITS1 and rps16-based maxi-mum likelihood analysis did not reveal much variation for this species distributed in the Indian subcontinent. These results depict long-distance random gene flow across the subcontinent, and support the post-glacial population contraction events. To validate the impact of palaeo-historic climatic events on current geo-graphic and genetic distribution, species distribution modelling-coupled phylogeography is suggested.
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    Sequence-based phygeography and conservation of seaweeds from indian subcontinents
    (Central University of Punjab, 2014) Rani, Pooja; Bast, Felix
    Phylogeography is the study of historical events which are responsible for evolution and current distribution of a species in different geographical area. However very less record is available about marine macroalgae of Indian subcontinent. This study investigated the DNA barcoding and phylogeographical distribution of marine algae from the Indian subcontinent. Different algae samples collected from various coasts of Indian subcontinent are amplified using ITS, COX and rbcL primers. In our results, we found the occurrence of green algae like Ulva reticulata, Ulva intestinalis, Ulva fasciata, Ulva proliifera, Ulva ohnoi and one sample with Caulerpa scalpelliformis ; Red algae, Gracilaria foliifera, Gracilaria domingensis, Gracilaria corticata, Grateloupia Sp., Ceramium Sp., Centroceras clavulatum, Erythrocladia Sp., Erythrocladia irregularis, Acanthophora Sp., Dilsea socialis, Hypnea stelullifera, Sirodotia tenuissima and Dichotomaria Sp.; Brown algae, Sargassum zhangii, Sargassum megalocystum, Sargassum aquifolium and Turbinaria ornata in Indian subcontinent. Gracilaria domingenesis, Dilsea socialis, Sargassum megalosystum were first time reported in India. On the basis of molecular studies, we found that Ceramium Sp. Nov., Erythrocladia Sp. Nov., Acanthophora Sp Nov., Grateloupia Sp. Nov. and Dichotomaria Sp. Nov. were identified as new species. Erythrocladia irregularis was identified as endophytic algae inside green algae Cladophora glomerata. Phylogenetic tree was generated to analyse the evolutionary distance between different samples. Morphological and microscopic studies were performed for each sample. This study further helps in identification and documentation of new species and cryptic species. All samples were pressed for herbarium voucher.
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    DNA Barcoding and phylogography of brown seaweeds of coasts of indian subcontinent
    (Central University of Punjab, 2013) Bhushan, Satej; Bast, Felix
    Algae are one of the diverse groups of ubiquitous autotrophs. Their use as food was more or less initially confined to few East Asian and South American countries like China, Japan, Korea, Chile, Argentina and Brazil, but with the increased demand and limited supply for food combined with the medicinal properties of the marine macroalgae, they started getting the attention of policy makers and researchers alike all around the world. Brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) are mostly marine and characterized by presence of pigment fucoxanthin which gives them its coloured appearance. The present work aims to provide detailed molecular analysis of the brown seaweeds found in Indian coastal regions to study and characterize it taxonomically which has not been done till now in Indian context. Out of all the samples processed, one invasive species was detected, Sargassum zhangii, which is the first report of this algal species outside Chinese waters. The conspecificity was confirmed by a multi-faceted approach, including comparative morphology, microscopy, genetic distance analysis and computational phylogenetics using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods.
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    Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) in Indian subcontinent
    (2014) Bast, Felix; Rani, Pooja; Meena, Devendra
    Ocimum tenuiflorum L., holy basil "Tulsi", is an important medicinal plant that is being grown and traditionally revered throughout Indian Subcontinent for thousands of years; however, DNA sequence-based genetic diversity of this aromatic herb is not yet known. In this report, we present our studies on the phylogeography of this species using trnL-trnF intergenic spacer of plastid genome as the DNA barcode for isolates from Indian subcontinent. Our pairwise distance analyses indicated that genetic heterogeneity of isolates remained quite low, with overall mean nucleotide p-distance of 5?10-4. However, our sensitive phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood framework was able to reveal subtle intraspecific molecular evolution of this species within the subcontinent. All isolates except that from North-Central India formed a distinct phylogenetic clade, notwithstanding low bootstrap support and collapse of the clade in Bayesian Inference. North-Central isolates occupied more basal position compared to other isolates, which is suggestive of its evolutionarily primitive status. Indian isolates formed a monophyletic and well-supported clade within O. tenuiflorum clade, which indicates a distinct haplotype. Given the vast geographical area of more than 3 million km 2 encompassing many exclusive biogeographical and ecological zones, relatively low rate of evolution of this herb at this locus in India is particularly interesting. ? 2014 Felix Bast et al.
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    Phylogenetics: Tracing the Evolutionary Legacy of Organisms, Metastatic Clones, Bioactive Compounds and Languages
    (OMICS, 2015) Bast, Felix
    Since its inception seventy-five years ago, the field of phylogenetics has steadily been expanding to contribute in a number of scientific fields including biogeography, medicinal chemistry, forensics, transcriptomics, cancer biology and even linguistics, in addition to systematic biology -for which it was originally erupted by Willi Hennig. In this invited editorial contributed to the Journal of Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Biology a big picture of this ever evolving field is expounded. Application of phylogenetic inference in biosystematics, phylogeography, phylogenetic selection of target taxa in medicinal chemistry, cancer phylogenetics, and linguistic phylogeny are reviewed with a personal perspective summarizing contribution to this interdisciplinary field from my group. Parametric methods such as Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference have dramatically improved for last one decade, yet empirical solutions to some of the most fundamental issues, including homoplasmy and lineage sorting, remains to be materialized.