Department Of Botany

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    First report of Planomicrobium okeanokoites associated with Himantothallus grandifolius (Desmarestiales, Phaeophyta) from Southern Hemisphere
    (Public Library of Science, 2023-04-14T00:00:00) Chand Saini, Khem; Gupta, Kriti; Sharma, Sheetal; Gautam, Ajay K.; Shamim, Samrin; Mittal, Divya; Kundu, Pushpendu; Bast, Felix
    Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, mesophilic epiphytic bacterium Planomicrobium okeanokoites was isolated from the surface of endemic species Himantothallus grandifolius in Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica. The diversity of epiphytic bacterial communities living on marine algae remains primarily unexplored; virtually no reports from Antarctic seaweeds. The present study used morpho-molecular approaches for the macroalgae and epiphytic bacterium characterization. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using mitochondrial genome encoded COX1 gene; chloroplast genome encodes rbcL; nuclear genome encoded large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rRNA) for Himantothallus grandifolius and ribosomal encoded 16S rRNA for Planomicrobium okeanokoites. Morphological and molecular data revealed that the isolate is identified as Himantothallus grandifolius, which belongs to Family Desmarestiaceae of Order Desmarestiales in Class Phaeophyceae showing 99.8% similarity to the sequences of Himantothallus grandifolius, from King George Island, Antarctica (HE866853). The isolated bacterial strain was identified on the basis of chemotaxonomic, morpho-phylogenetic, and biochemical assays. A phylogenetic study based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the epiphytic bacterial strain SLA-357 was closest related to the Planomicrobium okeanokoites showing 98.7% sequence similarity. The study revealed the first report of this species from the Southern Hemisphere to date. Also, there has been no report regarding the association between the Planomicrobium okeanokoites and Himantothallus grandifolius; however, there are some reports on this bacterium isolated from sediments, soils, and lakes from Northern Hemisphere. This study may open a gateway for further research to know about the mode of interactions and how they affect the physiology and metabolism of each other. � 2023 Saini et al.
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    Status, Issues, and Challenges of Biodiversity: Marine Biota
    (Springer Nature, 2022-09-15T00:00:00) Yadav, Digvijay Singh; Rani, Alka; Dubey, Sheetal; Bast, Felix
    India is one of the mega biodiversity countries, owing to its tropical location and warm climate. With more than 7500 km, India is blessed with a long coastline-one of the longest in the world. However, marine biodiversity remains poorly documented compared with that of terrestrial biodiversity. On top of it, the threats from climate change are imminent and have already started wreaking havoc on species diversity, for instance, ocean acidification causing coral bleaching in the atolls of the Laccadive Islands. A systematic approach to acquiring complete and exhaustive knowledge about marine biodiversity may help us understand the extent of anthropogenic damage and take appropriate actions and policies to prevent further loss. Currently, we merely know the tip of the global biodiversity iceberg; with merely 1.3 million species characterized yet, estimates suggest there might be around 9 million species of eukaryotes alone. Conserving biodiversity is crucial not only for ecosystem services but also for future generations as a possible revenue generator-the so called bequest value. This chapter reviews the status of marine biodiversity along India�s coasts, efforts on its economic utilization, and the impact of climate change. � Indian National Science Academy 2022.
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    Morpho-molecular assessment of Acetabularia jalakanyakae Sp. Nov. (Dasycladales, Chlorophyta) - a new species from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
    (National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2021-09-01T00:00:00) Saini, K.C.; Madhu, A.; Kohli, R.K.; Gupta, K.; Bast, F.
    Acetabularia (Dasycladales) is an extant genus of a single-celled green alga. There are four species of this genus reported from India, three reported from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. For this study, Acetabularia isolate was collected from a rocky intertidal habitat in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used for the morphological characterization. The distinct traits of caps of the thalli were prioritized because, traditionally, species delimitations in Acetabularia mainly were based on cap morphology. Our isolate showed morphological similarity with Acetabularia crenulata. However, the number of hairs in the inner ring of lobes of caps and the stalk length were observed to be different from A. crenulata and other closely related species. The phylogenetic tree constructed for partial 18S rDNA using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method revealed the evolutionary affinity of this new species with Acetabularia dentata. Based on morphological and molecular synapomorphy, a new species of Acetabularia, Acetabularia jalakanyakae is formally proposed herein, and the further implications of this species discovery are discussed. � 2021 National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
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    First report of Planomicrobium okeanokoites associated with Himantothallus grandifolius (Desmarestiales, Phaeophyta) from Southern Hemisphere
    (Public Library of Science, 2023-04-14T00:00:00) Chand Saini, Khem; Gupta, Kriti; Sharma, Sheetal; Gautam, Ajay K.; Shamim, Samrin; Mittal, Divya; Kundu, Pushpendu; Bast, Felix
    Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, mesophilic epiphytic bacterium Planomicrobium okeanokoites was isolated from the surface of endemic species Himantothallus grandifolius in Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica. The diversity of epiphytic bacterial communities living on marine algae remains primarily unexplored; virtually no reports from Antarctic seaweeds. The present study used morpho-molecular approaches for the macroalgae and epiphytic bacterium characterization. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using mitochondrial genome encoded COX1 gene; chloroplast genome encodes rbcL; nuclear genome encoded large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rRNA) for Himantothallus grandifolius and ribosomal encoded 16S rRNA for Planomicrobium okeanokoites. Morphological and molecular data revealed that the isolate is identified as Himantothallus grandifolius, which belongs to Family Desmarestiaceae of Order Desmarestiales in Class Phaeophyceae showing 99.8% similarity to the sequences of Himantothallus grandifolius, from King George Island, Antarctica (HE866853). The isolated bacterial strain was identified on the basis of chemotaxonomic, morpho-phylogenetic, and biochemical assays. A phylogenetic study based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the epiphytic bacterial strain SLA-357 was closest related to the Planomicrobium okeanokoites showing 98.7% sequence similarity. The study revealed the first report of this species from the Southern Hemisphere to date. Also, there has been no report regarding the association between the Planomicrobium okeanokoites and Himantothallus grandifolius; however, there are some reports on this bacterium isolated from sediments, soils, and lakes from Northern Hemisphere. This study may open a gateway for further research to know about the mode of interactions and how they affect the physiology and metabolism of each other. � 2023 Saini et al.
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    Status, Issues, and Challenges of Biodiversity: Marine Biota
    (Springer Nature, 2022-09-15T00:00:00) Yadav, Digvijay Singh; Rani, Alka; Dubey, Sheetal; Bast, Felix
    India is one of the mega biodiversity countries, owing to its tropical location and warm climate. With more than 7500 km, India is blessed with a long coastline-one of the longest in the world. However, marine biodiversity remains poorly documented compared with that of terrestrial biodiversity. On top of it, the threats from climate change are imminent and have already started wreaking havoc on species diversity, for instance, ocean acidification causing coral bleaching in the atolls of the Laccadive Islands. A systematic approach to acquiring complete and exhaustive knowledge about marine biodiversity may help us understand the extent of anthropogenic damage and take appropriate actions and policies to prevent further loss. Currently, we merely know the tip of the global biodiversity iceberg; with merely 1.3 million species characterized yet, estimates suggest there might be around 9 million species of eukaryotes alone. Conserving biodiversity is crucial not only for ecosystem services but also for future generations as a possible revenue generator-the so called bequest value. This chapter reviews the status of marine biodiversity along India�s coasts, efforts on its economic utilization, and the impact of climate change. � Indian National Science Academy 2022.
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    Morpho-molecular assessment of Acetabularia jalakanyakae Sp. Nov. (Dasycladales, Chlorophyta) - a new species from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
    (National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2021-09-01T00:00:00) Saini, K.C.; Madhu, A.; Kohli, R.K.; Gupta, K.; Bast, F.
    Acetabularia (Dasycladales) is an extant genus of a single-celled green alga. There are four species of this genus reported from India, three reported from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. For this study, Acetabularia isolate was collected from a rocky intertidal habitat in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used for the morphological characterization. The distinct traits of caps of the thalli were prioritized because, traditionally, species delimitations in Acetabularia mainly were based on cap morphology. Our isolate showed morphological similarity with Acetabularia crenulata. However, the number of hairs in the inner ring of lobes of caps and the stalk length were observed to be different from A. crenulata and other closely related species. The phylogenetic tree constructed for partial 18S rDNA using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method revealed the evolutionary affinity of this new species with Acetabularia dentata. Based on morphological and molecular synapomorphy, a new species of Acetabularia, Acetabularia jalakanyakae is formally proposed herein, and the further implications of this species discovery are discussed. � 2021 National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
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    Carrageenan based hydrogels and composites: A systematic investigation reporting their multidimentional essence
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2016) Ul Rehman, W.; Majeed, A.; Rani, P.; Saini, K.C.; Najar, R.A.; Mehra, R.; Singh, A.; Bast, Felix
    Carrageenans are red seaweed extracted sulfated linear polysaccharides which possess excellent gel forming properties. They are extensively used for their thickening, gel forming as well as stabilizing properties in food industries. Due to their good protein binding abilities, they are preferred in meat and dairy preservation. Structurally, they are polymers of alternately repeating disaccharide unit, ?-(133)-D-galactose and ?-(134)-3,6- anhydro-D- or L-galactose. Sulphation of the galactose gives them the distinguishing properties. Three isomeric forms of carrageenan with slightly different properties exist in nature. Their hydrogels are used in tissue engineering and controlled drug delivery while their composites find applications in wound dressings, protection of fish and meat from dehydration. In the field of medicine, carrageenans possess anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antiviral, and antitumor activities. Besides they also possess many industrial applications. ? 2016 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
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    Morphological and molecular assessment of native carrageenophyte Hypnea valentiae (Cystocloniaceae, Gigartinales) in Indian Subcontinent
    (Phycological Society, 2014) Bast, Felix; Bhushan, Satej; John, Aijaz Ahmad
    Hypnea valentiae is an important red alga commercially cultivated in various parts of the world for the production of carrageenan. Presented in this report is findings of morphological and molecular observations of naturally-occurring populations of this alga collected from west and east coasts of India. Both the isolates had similar external as well as microscopic morphology. Nuclear ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer-1 (ITS1) sequences from these geographical isolates had 4.35 x 10 -1 Tamura-3-Parameter (T3P) pairwise distance between them, which indicate significant evolutionary differences accumulated over time. In comparison, T3P distance between related genera Kappaphycus and Eucheuma was 1.85 x 10 -1 . In our phylogeny reconstruction using Bayesian Inference, both the isolates formed a well- supported clade along with the only available accession of this genus at ITS1 locus, indicating affiliation of both the isolates in this genus. Interestingly, isolate from the west coast was more basal in the phylogram, which suggests phylogenetically primitive position of this population. Newly generated DNA barcodes of the geographic isolates of this native carragenophyte in this study is expected to be a key in tracing its further dispersal routes, either natural or deliberate. This is the first report on the comparative morphological and molecular assessment of Hypnea from India.