School Of Environment And Earth Sciences

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Author: search.filters.author.Salom�o, Gabriel NegreirosHas files: No

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    Changes in the surface water quality of a tropical watershed in the southeastern amazon due to the environmental impacts of artisanal mining
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023-04-12T00:00:00) Salom�o, Gabriel Negreiros; Dall'Agnol, Roberto; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Almeida, Gabriel Soares de; Amarante, Rafael Tarantino; Zeferino, Leiliane Bozzi; Lopes, Jo�o Paulo Nobre; Souza Filho, Pedro Walfir Martins e; Costa, Normara Yane Mar da; Guimar�es, Jos� Tasso Felix; Silva, Marcio Sousa da; Martins, Gabriel Caixeta; Teixeira, Mayara Fraeda Barbosa; Marques, Eduardo Duarte; Ang�lica, R�mulo Sim�es; Ara�jo, Wilker Emmanoel Oliveira
    The expansion of areas of human occupation and the increase in economic activity and deforestation are negatively impacting the Amazon ecosystem. Situated in the Caraj�s Mineral Province in the southeastern Amazon, the Itacai�nas River Watershed (IRW) encompasses several active mines and has a historical record of intense deforestation primarily linked with the expansion of pasturelands, but also of urban areas, and mining activities. Industrial mining projects are subjected to strict environmental control, but artisanal mining (ASM; �garimpos�) sites have not been controlled, despite their known environmental impacts. In recent years, the opening and expansion of ASM in the IRW for the exploitation of mineral resources (Au, Mn, and Cu) have been remarkable. This study presents evidence of anthropogenic impacts, mainly caused by ASM, on the quality and hydrogeochemical characteristics of the IRW surface water. The hydrogeochemical data sets of two projects carried out in the IRW, during 2017 and from 2020 until present, were used to evaluate these impacts within the region. Water quality indices were calculated for the surface water samples. For the whole IRW, water collected during the dry season tended to yield better quality indicators in comparison to those collected during the rainy season. Two sampling sites at Sereno Creek showed very poor water quality and extremely high concentrations of Fe, Al, and potentially toxic elements over time. From 2016 to 2022, ASM sites increased markedly. Moreover, there are indications that Mn exploitation via ASM in Sereno hill is the main source of contamination in the area. New trends of ASM expansion were observed along the main watercourses, related to the exploitation of Au from alluvial deposits. Similar anthropogenic impacts are registered in other regions of the Amazon and environmental monitoring should be encouraged to assess the chemical safety of strategic areas. � 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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    Landscape and Climate Changes in Southeastern Amazonia from Quaternary Records of Upland Lakes
    (MDPI, 2023-03-27T00:00:00) Guimar�es, Jos� Tasso Felix; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; e Souza-Filho, Pedro Walfir Martins; da Silva, Marcio Sousa; Rodrigues, Tarc�sio Magevski; da Silva, Edilson Freitas; Reis, Luiza Santos; de Figueiredo, Mariana Maha Jana Costa; Lopes, Karen da Silva; Moraes, Aline Mamede; Leite, Alessandro Sab�; da Silva J�nior, Renato Oliveira; Salom�o, Gabriel Negreiros; Dall�Agnol, Roberto
    The upland lakes (ULs) in Caraj�s, southeastern Amazonia, have been extensively studied with respect to their high-resolution structural geology, geomorphology, stratigraphy, multielement and isotope geochemistry, palynology and limnology. These studies have generated large multiproxy datasets, which were integrated in this review to explain the formation and evolution of the ULs. These ULs evolved during the Pliocene�Pleistocene periods through several episodes of a subsidence of the lateritic crust (canga) promoted by fault reactivation. The resulting ULs were filled under wet/dry and warm/cool paleoclimatic conditions during the Pleistocene period. The multielement geochemical signature indicates that the detrital sediments of these ULs were predominantly derived from weathered canga and ferruginous soils, while the sedimentary organic matter came from autochthonous (siliceous sponge spicules, algae, macrophytes) and allochthonous (C3/C4 canga and forest plants and freshwater dissolved organic carbon) sources. Modern pollen rain suggests that even small ULs can record both the influence of canga vegetation and forest signals; thus, they can serve as reliable sites to provide a record of vegetation history. The integrated data from the sedimentary cores indicate that the active ULs have never dried up during the last 50 ka cal BP. However, subaerial exposure occurred in filled ULs, such as the Tarzan mountain range during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Boca�na and S11 mountain ranges in the mid-Holocene period, due to the drier conditions. Considering the organic proxies, the expansion of C4 plants has been observed in the S11 and Tarzan ULs during dry events. Extensive precipitation of siderite in UL deposits during the LGM indicated drier paleoenvironmental conditions, interrupting the predominantly wet conditions. However, there is no evidence of widespread forest replacement by savanna in the Caraj�s plateau of southeastern Amazonia during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. � 2023 by the authors.
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    Mercury in multimedia system of Itacai�nas Basin, Brazilian Amazon: An integrated approach to understand its distribution, origin, and ecological risk
    (Academic Press Inc., 2023-01-23T00:00:00) Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Dall'Agnol, Roberto; Sim�es Rolo de Deus, Simonny do C.; Salom�o, Gabriel Negreiros; Felix Guimar�es, Jos� Tasso; Angelica, R�mulo Sim�es; Ramos, Silvio Junio; Furtado da Costa, Marlene; Oswaldo de Siqueira, Jose
    This study presents the first integrated study on total Hg (THg) level in surface soil (SS), bottom soil (BS), stream sediments (SD), lake sediments (LS), stream water (SW), and lake water (LW) of Itacai�nas River Watershed (IRW), Brazil to investigate the source and distribution of Hg in different environmental media considering contrasts of geological domains and sub-basins and its potential ecological and human risk. Hg content in most of the soils and sediments were above the upper crustal average values (56 ?g/kg), however, when compared to the legal limits set by the Resolution CONAMA (Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente: soil 500 ?g/kg; sediment 486 ?g/kg), only 1 soil sample from Parauapebas sub-basin and 4 sediment samples from Viol�o Lake exceeded the limit. None of the SW and LW samples (<0.2 ?g/L; CONAMA limit for Class II freshwater) are markedly contaminated by Hg. The SS and BS show similar contents and spatial distribution of Hg with higher contents being registered mostly in the Itacai�nas and Parauapebas sub-basins, which are closely correlated with SD. This suggests that Hg levels are largely of geogenic origin and anthropogenic effect is highly limited. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results show that Hg is strongly associated with total organic carbon (TOC), loss on ignition (LOI), and SO3, indicating organic matter as the main factor controlling the distribution of Hg and this is the major cause of accentuated Hg enrichment in lake sediments. The ecological risk index revealed a low pollution risk for most of the solid samples, except 11% LS and <1.5% SS and SD samples, which registered moderate risk. Health risk assessment indicated no adverse non-carcinogenic health effect on either adults and children in terms of Hg contamination. This information will be useful for Hg risk assessment in the Caraj�s region and future environmental research in this direction in the Amazonia. � 2023 Elsevier Inc.
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    Methodological approach and general guidelines to geochemical mapping and background-baseline analysis for environmental assessment: a case study in the Caraj�s Mineral Province, Brazil
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, 2023-01-09T00:00:00) Souza-Filho, Pedro Walfir Martins; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; da Silva, Marcio Sousa; Dall�Agnol, Roberto; Filho, Carlos Augusto Medeiros; Leite, Alessandro Sab�; da Silva Ferreira J�nior, Jair; da Rocha Nascimento, Wilson; da Silva e Silva, G�ssica; Salom�o, Gabriel Negreiros; Sarracini, Fabiana; Junior, Renato Oliveira Silva; da Costa, Marlene Furtado
    We present this manuscript as a methodological approach and general guidelines for geochemical mapping and background/baseline projects for environmental assessment in tropical areas. A case study was carried out in the Itacai�nas River watershed (IRW), Eastern Amazon, to fill in a gap in knowledge on the distribution of chemical elements, particularly those potentially toxic, in the near-surface environment of the area. The high-impact results of this research project revealed the need for similar scientific investigation across the globe with the implementation of a systematic methodology. The study shows, for example, the importance of well-planned field activities, multi-medium sampling, analytical methods, laboratory procedures, database construction, and general aspects of data processing and statistical treatment. The importance of this contribution is that it can be used as a reference in support of geospatial analysis in research within the scope of geochemical mapping and background-baseline projects. The database is accessible through a web-based geographic information system front-end; a Geochemical Atlas of the IRW will be available as soon as possible. � 2022 The authors.
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    Source Apportionment of Chemical Elements and Their Geochemical Baseline Values in Surface Water of the Parauapebas River Basin, Southeast Amazon, Brazil
    (MDPI, 2022-12-09T00:00:00) Quaresma, Leandro Silva; Silva, Gessica da Silva e; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Salom�o, Gabriel Negreiros; Dall�Agnol, Roberto
    The present work aims to evaluate the chemical quality and establish the geochemical baseline values of elements in the surface waters of the Parauapebas River basin (PRB), which is one of the major subbasins in the Itacai�nas River watershed (IRW) located in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 327 surface water samples were collected during the rainy and dry seasons in 2017. Results indicate that waters are slightly acidic to alkaline (pH 6 to 8), and there was a strong influence of the seasonal variation on water quality, with higher values of turbidity, Fe, Al, Mn, TDS, etc. in the rainy season. Two geochemical baseline types for the PRB were defined, i.e., �conservative baseline� (CB), represented by the cumulative frequency curve, and the �environmental baseline� (EB), comprising the sum of natural and diffuse anthropogenic contributions, represented by the 98th percentile. Except Fe, Mn and Al, the CB and EB values of various trace elements (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Rb, Sn, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) were lower than the recommended limits of CONAMA 357/05�class 2. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified the major geochemical association (Al-Ti-Cu-Cr-Ni-V), which is an imprint of the local geological setting. Ni and Cr showed enrichment at sites where mafic and ultramafic rocks are concentrated, while Cu concentration is mainly associated with the north and south mineralization belts. High concentrations of Fe and Mn are characteristic of the waters of this region and this is mostly influenced by specific land use activities and intense weathering/erosion of catchment materials. At the upper Parauapebas, anthropogenic contributions associated with soil use and occupation were also important along with the geogenic effects. The obtained results regarding sources of contaminants in some microbasins can be taken as a starting point for future studies on the environmental quality of the region�s water resources. � 2022 by the authors.
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    Soil-sediment linkage and trace element contamination in forested/deforested areas of the Itacai�nas River Watershed, Brazil: To what extent land-use change plays a role?
    (Elsevier B.V., 2022-03-08T00:00:00) Dall'Agnol, Roberto; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Salom�o, Gabriel Negreiros; de Ara�jo, Alessandra Danieli Miranda; da Silva, Marcio Sousa; Powell, Mike A.; Junior, Jair Ferreira; Ramos, Silvio Junio; Martins, Gabriel Caixeta; da Costa, Marlene Furtado; Guilherme, Luiz Roberto Guimar�es
    Trace elements (TE) contamination in forested areas of the Itacai�nas River Watershed (IRW), Brazilian Amazon, arouses growing interest owing to the rapid deforestation and mining activities. In this study, soils (surface, SS; bottom, BS) and stream sediments (SD) from forested/deforested areas of IRW were analyzed with the aim of (1) evaluating the major sources of TE (mainly As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn), and (2) examining the soil-sediment TE link related to land-use change and/or geologic factors. Compositional data analysis (CoDA) was used to eliminate data closure issues and the centred log-ratio (clr) transformation yielded better results in Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The TE distribution pattern was significantly different (p < 0.05) between forested and deforested areas, but in both areas the TE distribution pattern is significantly correlated between SS, BS, and SD, indicating a strong lithogenic control. PCA (clr-transformed) identified the major geochemical bedrock signature as Fe-Ti-V-Cu-Cr-Ni, which is nearly similar in soil and sediments. The more accentuated enrichment and the maximum number of anomalies of these elements were found in the Caraj�s Basin and are highly coincident with mineral deposits/local lithologies without clear indication of anthropogenic contamination from point sources. Besides geogenic factors, deforestation is also affecting TE distribution in the basin. In deforested areas, Mn was significantly enriched in the surface horizon. Furthermore, linear regression analysis shows stronger TE relationships between soils and sediments in deforested areas than in forested ones, reflecting higher erosion in the former. This could be the reason for the relatively higher enrichment of TE (e.g., Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ni) in deforested sediments. The TE contamination using regional background values provides more accurate results than worldwide reference values. Thus, the former should be considered for a more realistic environmental risk assessment in IRW and other forest ecosystems in the Brazilian Amazon. � 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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    Meta-analysis of uranium contamination in groundwater of the alluvial plains of Punjab, northwest India: Status, health risk, and hydrogeochemical processes
    (Elsevier B.V., 2021-11-23T00:00:00) Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Virk, Hardev Singh; Powell, Mike A.; Kumar, Ravishankar; Pattanaik, Jitendra Kumar; Salom�o, Gabriel Negreiros; Mittal, Sunil; Chouhan, Lokesh; Nandabalan, Yogalakshmi Kadapakkam; Tiwari, Raghavendra Prasad
    Despite numerous studies, there are many knowledge gaps in our understanding of uranium (U) contamination in the alluvial aquifers of Punjab, India. In this study, a large hydrogeochemical dataset was compiled to better understand the major factors controlling the mobility and enrichment of uranium (U) in this groundwater system. The results showed that shallow groundwaters (<60 m) are more contaminated with U than from deeper depths (>60 m). This effect was predominant in the Southwest districts of the Malwa, facing significant risk due to chemical toxicity of U. Groundwaters are mostly oxidizing and alkaline (median pH: 7.25 to 7.33) in nature. Spearman correlation analysis showed that U concentrations are more closely related to total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, Na, K, HCO3?, NO3? Cl?, and F? in shallow water than deep water, but TDS and salinity remained highly correlated (U-TDS: ? = 0.5 to 0.6; U-salinity: ? = 0.5). This correlation suggests that the salt effect due to high competition between ions is the principal cause of U mobilization. This effect is evident when the U level increased with increasing mixed water species (Na-Cl, Mg-Cl, and Na-HCO3). Speciation data showed that the most dominant U species are Ca2UO2(CO3)2? and CaUO2(CO3)3?, which are responsible for the U mobility. Based on the field parameters, TDS along with pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were better fitted to U concentration above the WHO guideline value (30 ?g.L?1), thus this combination could be used as a quick indicator of U contamination. The strong positive correlation of U with F? (? = 0.5) in shallow waters indicates that their primary source is geogenic, while anthropogenic factors such as canal irrigation, groundwater table decline, and use of agrochemicals (mainly nitrate fertilizers) as well as climate-related factors i.e., high evaporation under arid/semi-arid climatic conditions, which result in higher redox and TDS/salinity levels, may greatly affect enrichment of U. The geochemical rationale of this study will provide Science-based-policy implications for U health risk assessment in this region and further extrapolate these findings to other arid/semi-arid areas worldwide. � 2021 Elsevier B.V.
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    Occurrence, distribution, and environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in the vicinity of Fe-ore mines: a global overview
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021-06-08T00:00:00) Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Powell, Mike A.; Martins, Gabriel Caixeta; Dall'Agnol, Roberto; Salom�o, Gabriel Negreiros; Mittal, Sunil; Pontes, Paulo R�genes Monteiro; Guimar�es, Jos� Tasso Felix; de Siqueira, Jose Oswaldo
    Several studies have investigated the consequences of heavy metal contamination in the vicinity of individual Fe ore mines, however, at present there are no systematic studies that consider the global scenario; this work strives to begin filling that gap. This review includes data reported for metals and pH in soil, overburden, sediment, tailings, and water in the vicinity of Fe mines at sites in 19 countries over the past 15 years. Elements of concern include As, Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu, Cd, Co, Pb, Ni and Zn. Various pollution and ecological risk indices were applied to evaluate environment risks by heavy metals. � 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    Geochemical mapping in stream sediments of the Caraj�s Mineral Province, part 2: Multi-element geochemical signatures using Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA)
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2021-04-30T00:00:00) Salom�o, Gabriel Negreiros; Dall'Agnol, Roberto; Ang�lica, R�mulo Sim�es; Sahoo, Prafulla K.; Wang, Xueqiu
    The geological imprint on the geochemical background in stream sediment of the Itacai�nas River Watershed (IRW), located in the most prominent mining area of Brazil, the Caraj�s Mineral Province, was evaluated. The stream sediment dataset from the Itacai�nas Geochemical Mapping and Background Project of the Instituto Tecnol�gico Vale was used to address multi-element associations and for the definition of surface geochemical compartments by applying a series of multivariate geostatistics tools and geoprocessing techniques, through the Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA) perspective. In this study, the geochemical dataset was processed for centered log-ratio (clr) transformation prior to the Principal Factor Analysis (PFA). The spatial distribution of factor scores derived from PFA indicates a pronounced control on stream sediment geochemistry by the underlying geological setting and lithology. Relevant hidden correlations were observed among the nine extracted factors. An unsupervised classification based on k-means clustering algorithm was performed for the factor scores of 761 stream sediment samples. A multiproxy approach that combines the cluster classification and geoprocessing tools revealed a strong similarity in the spatial distribution of different geochemical compartments and geological domains of the IRW. Threshold values of 51 elements were calculated by a variety of statistical methods for references to the main four geological domains of the IRW defined using the geological framework and the geochemical compartments. These values were then compared to the background concentrations of the entire study area and to the investigation levels proposed by the Brazilian environmental agencies for potentially toxic elements. The new threshold values for the geochemical compartments of the IRW can be used for improving the assessment of environmental impact by anthropic activities, and to establish more realistic threshold values for different chemical elements in stream sediments. This study provides useful information for new mineral development projects and ore prospects, with potential benefit to the mineral sector and industry. � 2021
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    Integrated geochemical assessment of soils and stream sediments to evaluate source-sink relationships and background variations in the parauapebas river basin, eastern amazon
    (MDPI AG, 2021-03-22T00:00:00) Salom�o, Gabriel Negreiros; Farias, Danielle de Lima; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Dall�agnol, Roberto; Sarkar, Dibyendu
    This study aims to handle an integrated evaluation of soil and stream sediment geochemical data to evaluate source apportionment and to establish geochemical threshold variations for Fe, Al, and 20 selected Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE) in the Parauapebas River Basin (PB), Eastern Amazon. The data set used in this study is from the Itacai�nas Geochemical Mapping and Background Project (ItacGMBP), which collected 364 surface soil (0�10 cm) samples and 189 stream sediments samples in the entire PB. The <0.177 mm fraction of these samples were analyzed for 51 elements by ICP-MS and ICP-AES, following an aqua regia digestion. The geochemical maps of many elements revealed substantial differences between the north (NPB) and the south (SPB) of PB, mainly due to the geological setting. The new statistically derived threshold values of the NPB and SPB regions were compared to the threshold of the whole PB, reported in previous studies, and to quality guidelines proposed by Brazilian environmental agencies. The natural variation of geochemical background in soils and stream sediments of PB should be considered prior to defining new guideline values. At the regional scale, the local anomalies are mostly influenced by the predominant lithology rather than any anthropogenic impact. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.