Theses And Dissertation

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    Investigation of combined genotoxic effect of pesticides on cancer cell lines
    (Central University of Punjab, 2013) Anju; Bhardwaj, Pankaj
    The use of pesticides in agriculture sector is increasing widely to alleviate crop loss due to pests. To combat problem of pest, various types of pesticides are widely used, out of which insecticide are majorly used. In Malwa region of Punjab lots of insecticides are used. These pesticides when present together they may result in combined response. This combined response can be of three types such as independent, dose addition and interaction (synergism or antagonism). This combined response is very big trouble, such as sometimes even low dose of pesticide which is not toxic individually can result in toxic response in the presence of another pesticide. In the present study, Malathion and Monocrotophos (widely used organophosphorous insecticides) selected for investigation of combined effect. Out of selected pesticide Malathion also detected in water, in present study. Various parameters for genotoxicity evaluation was carried out with exposure of pesticides on HCT-116 WT/ p53 mutant (colon cancer) cell lines. Results of present study suggested that combination of pesticides resulted in more cell death, oxidative stress, membrane instability and imbalanced antioxidative system. It is also evaluated that low dose exposure of pesticides individually and in combination resulted in increased cell survival, may be due to activation of defense mechanism with prior treatment. All parameters evaluated was with short term exposure of 1-2 days, so evaluated long term exposure of ten days and found that this resulted in very less cell number and changed cell morphology. It is observed that both pesticides showed genotoxicity individually as well as in combination. The combined exposure of both pesticides deviate from there expected effect for dose addition towards more toxicity. So it is concluded that there may be some interaction between these pesticides, which may be synergistic in nature, because observed more toxicity.
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    Evaluation of monocrotophos residues in soils of bathinda, punjab and its viodegradation through microbial isolates of contaminated soil
    (Central University of Punjab, 2013) Mishra, Disha; Dhanya, M.S.
    The soil samples for the study were randomly collected from ten different villages (Bhagibander, Dhadde, Gurusar Sahnewala, Jajjal, Jassi, Malkana, Mahinangal, Sangat Kalan, Talwandi sabo, Teona Pujarian) of Bathinda. The questionnaire survey provided the information on pesticide history and consumption. All the villages had the history of monocrotophos (MCP) usage for crops like cotton, rice and legumes and two villages Dhadde and Teona Pujarian had current monocrotophos usage. The MCP residue of 0.08 ?g/kg was detected only in Teona Pujarian soil sample. The screening of all soil samples for the microbes with tolerance for different monocrotophos concentrations of 50 mg/l to 1000 mg/l in pikovskaya media was done by enrichment and adaptation method. The two bacterial isolates named as D1, T1 and four fungal isolates D2, D3, T2, and T3 were isolated from Dhadde (D) and Teona Pujarian (T) soil at MCP concentration of 1000mg/L. The morphological and biochemical test results for bacterial isolates from Teona Pujarian, T1 and Dhadde, D1 were found similar to Pseudomonas sp. and Serratia sp. respectively. The fungal isolates were found to have similar morphological characters to Aspergillus sp. The isolate T1 showed the degradation potential of 88.9 % in media and 87.4% in the MCP spiked soil after 7 days for MCP concentration of 1000 mg/L. The increase in P solubilisation and detection of traces of MCP residues and volatile fatty acids like palmitic acid, stearic acid, etc. indicated MCP mineralization by the isolate. This isolate could be useful in on-site bioremediation of the monocrotophos contaminated soil
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    Inhibitory effect of essential oil of ocimum sanctum l. against pesticide induced genotoxicity
    (Central University of Punjab, 2012) Kaur, Gurpreet; Mittal, Sunil
    The increase in pesticide contamination in the environment is of great concern due to its strong association with genetic material. The plants are considered as natural drugs to decline such toxic effects. In present study, the genotoxicity of Monocrotophos has been evaluated in lung cancer cell line i.e. A549 and H1299. The further step is to evaluate the prevention Monocrotophos induced genotoxic effect by pretreatment and post-treatment of O. sanctum essential oil. The results of present study suggest that eugenol (46%) and caryophyllene (28%) are the major components of essential oil of O. sanctum apart from other minor components. The essential oil cause increase in cell proliferation rate at lower concentration (20 ?g/ml for 6hrs.) in A549 cells while decrease in cell proliferation rate with increase in essential oil treatment after 20 ?g/ml concentration. Also, the cell viability has not been affected at 10 ?g/ml concentration in both the cell lines. On the other hand, Monocrotophos also cause increase cell proliferation rate at lower concentration (6.25 ?M - 200 ?M) for 6 hrs. in A549 cells and significant decrease in cell proliferation rate at higher concentration (1 mM -50 mM) in both the cell line. The results suggest that the H1299 cells, lacking p53 expression, are more sensitive to essential oil and Monocrotophos concentrations. The genotoxic study revealed that the Monocrotophos caused increase in comet length, % DNA in tail, tail length, tail intensity and decrease in Head intensity but pre-treat and post-treatment show protective action with respect to various Monocrotophos concentrations. It has been observed that post-treatment is better in comparison to pretreatment of Ocimum sanctum essential oil in all studied parameters. It can be concluded that the essential oils help the cells to compensate the oxidative stress generated inside the cell and hence can protect them from pesticide induced genotoxic effect.