School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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Author: search.filters.author.Mittal, SunilHas files: Yes

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    In situ reductive regeneration of zerovalent iron nanoparticles immobilized on cellulose for atom efficient Cr(vi) adsorption
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Sharma, Archana Kumari; Kumar, Rabindra; Mittal, Sunil; Hussain, Shamima; Arora, Meenu; Sharma, R.C.; Babu, J. Nagendra
    Zerovalent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) (11.8 - 0.2% w/w) immobilized on microcrystalline cellulose (C-nZVI) were synthesized and studied for Cr(vi) sorption. The material showed good atom economy for Cr(vi) adsorption (562.8 mg g-1 of nZVI). Oxidation of cellulose to cellulose dialdehyde leads to in situ regeneration of nZVI which is responsible for the atom efficient Cr(vi) sorption by C-nZVI.
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    Curcumin revitalizes Amyloid beta (25–35)-induced and organophosphate pesticides pestered neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells via activation of APE1 and Nrf2
    (Springer, 2017) Sarkar, Bibekananda; Dhiman, Monisha; Mittal, Sunil; Mantha, Anil K.
    Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide deposition is the primary cause of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Several reports point towards the role of pesticides in the AD pathogenesis, especially organophosphate pesticides (OPPs). Monocrotophos (MCP) and Chlorpyrifos (CP) are the most widely used OPPs. In this study, the role of MCP and CP in augmenting the Aβ-induced oxidative stress associated with the neurodegeneration in AD has been assessed in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. From the cell survival assay, it was observed that MCP and CP reduced cell survival both dose- and time-dependently. Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) based assay for determination of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) demonstrated that Aβ(25–35), MCP or CP produce significant oxidative stress alone or synergistically in IMR-32 and SH-SY5Y cells, while pretreatment of curcumin reduced ROS levels significantly in all treatment combinations. In this study, we also demonstrate that treatment of Aβ(25–35) and MCP upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2) whereas, no change was observed in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS/NOS1), but down-regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) level was observed. While curcumin pretreatment resulted in upregulation of iNOS and Nrf2 proteins. Also, the expression of key DNA repair enzymes APE1, DNA polymerase beta (Pol β), and PARP1 were found to be downregulated upon treatment with MCP, Aβ(25–35) and their combinations at 24 h and 48 h time points. In this study, pretreatment of curcumin to the SH-SY5Y cells enhanced the expression of DNA repair enzymes APE1, pol β, and PARP1 enzymes to counter the oxidative DNA base damage via base excision repair (BER) pathway, and also activated the antioxidant element (ARE) via Nrf2 upregulation. Furthermore, the immunofluorescent confocal imaging studies in SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells treated with Aβ(25–35) and MCP-mediated oxidative stress and their combinations at different time periods suggesting for cross-talk between the two proteins APE1 and Nrf2. The APE1’s association with Nrf2 might be associated with the redox function of APE1 that might be directly regulating the ARE-mediated neuronal survival mechanisms.
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    Biosensors for breast cancer diagnosis: A review of bioreceptors, biotransducers and signal amplification strategies
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Mittal, Sunil; Kaur, Hardeep; Gautam, Nandini; Mantha, Anil K.
    Breast cancer is highly prevalent in females and accounts for second highest number of deaths, worldwide. Cumbersome, expensive and time consuming detection techniques presently available for detection of breast cancer potentiates the need for development of novel, specific and ultrasensitive devices. Biosensors are the promising and selective detection devices which hold immense potential as point of care (POC) tools. Present review comprehensively scrutinizes various breast cancer biosensors developed so far and their technical evaluation with respect to efficiency and potency of selected bioreceptors and biotransducers. Use of glycoproteins, DNA biomarkers, micro-RNA, circulatory tumor cells (CTC) and some potential biomarkers are introduced briefly. The review also discusses various strategies used in signal amplification such as nanomaterials, redox mediators, p19 protein, duplex specific nucleases (DSN) and redox cycling. ? 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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    Pyrimidine-fused derivatives: Synthetic strategies and medicinal attributes
    (Bentham Science Publishers B.V., 2016) Joshi, Gaurav; Nayyar, Himanshu; Alex, Jimi Marin; Vishwakarma, Gajendra S.; Mittal, Sunil; Kumar, Raj
    Pyrimidine-fused derivatives traits the inextricable part of DNA and RNA, exhibit indispensable role in numerous biological processes, possessing momentous chemical and biological importance. Pyrimidine-condensed derivatives as the pharmacophore exhibit broad spectrum of biological activities encompassing antitubercular, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, anticancer and anti-HIV. Several retrosynthetic approaches, are available for the synthesis of pyrimidine-fused analogues which offers enormous scope in the field of medicinal chemistry. Ring fused pyrimidine and their innumerable derivatives continue to hold the attention of chemists since their presence in the biologically active resources have been known to elicit additive effects on the bio-efficacy of the molecules. The present review is a concerted effort to congregate information mainly focusing on the comprehensive categorization of pyrimidine ring based on their fusion with five, six, seven and eight-membered ring(s). Moreover, it also puts forward their systematic nomenclature, synthetic strategies, and bioactivities including SAR studies. This review is being put forwarded with an incentive to provide researchers with a comprehensive and updated literature. In addition, the manuscript also brings to light the various pharmacophore designs based on fusedpyrimidine ring system, delving deeper into synthesis and the subsequent generation of new libraries of pyrimidine-fused derivatives including their biological assessments. ? 2016 Bentham Science Publishers.
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    Indian Herbs and their Therapeutic Potential against Alzheimer’s Disease and other Neurological Disorders
    (Wiley, 2017) Kaur, Navrattan; Sarkar, Bibekananda; Gill, Iqbal; Kaur, Sukhchain; Mittal, Sunil; Dhiman, Monisha; Padala, Prasad R.; Perez-Polo, Regino; Mantha, Anil K.
    Many present-day diseases are caused by disruption of the delicate balance between the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) produced by oxidants and their scavenging by the antioxidants in the body. Chief among them is Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disease caused by the accumulation in the brain of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and of neurofibrillary tangles made up of the protein tau. Various theories for the pathogenesis of AD have been given, but no precise mechanism of its pathogenesis has been elucidated to date. A number of scientists are currently focusing on developing therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of AD. Natural plant-based products, which have been known traditionally in the treatment of brain disorders, could be a great help. Traditional herbal formulations developed for brain disorders are known as “Medhya drugs” in the Indian system of medicine called “Ayurveda” – a disease-preventive and health-promotive approach dating back to 5000 BC. This review focuses on the traditional use of some common Indian herbs in relation to AD, alongside recent advances in our understanding of their modes of action.
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    Essential oils and their constituents as anticancer agents: A mechanistic view
    (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014) Gautam, Nandini; Mantha, Anil K.; Mittal, Sunil
    Exploring natural plant products as an option to find new chemical entities as anticancer agents is one of the fastest growing areas of research. Recently, in the last decade, essential oils (EOs) have been under study for their use in cancer therapy and the present review is an attempt to collect and document the available studies indicating EOs and their constituents as anticancer agents. This review enlists nearly 130 studies of EOs from various plant species and their constituents that have been studied so far for their anticancer potential and these studies have been classified as in vitro and in vivo studies for EOs and their constituents. This review also highlights in-depth various mechanisms of action of different EOs and their constituents reported in the treatment strategies for different types of cancer. The current review indicates that EOs and their constituents act by multiple pathways and mechanisms involving apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic, increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), DNA repair modulation, and others to demonstrate their antiproliferative activity in the cancer cell. The effect of EOs and their constituents on tumour suppressor proteins (p53 and Akt), transcription factors (NF-B and AP-1), MAPK-pathway, and detoxification enzymes like SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase has also been discussed. ? 2014 Nandini Gautam et al.