School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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    A Review of Phytoconstituents as Antibacterial Agents
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2022-08-04T00:00:00) Bisht, Gunjan; Singh, Ankit Kumar; Kumar, Adarsh; Kumar, Pradeep
    Background bacteria cause various infectious diseases and cause millions of deaths each year. Bacteria are broadly classified based on the phenotypic and genotypic systems. Bacteria cause resistance mainly by Plasmids, Inactivation of antibiotics, Target site modification, Preventing drug uptake, Efflux pumps, and Biofilm. Plants have been used for thousands of years for their medicinal properties to treat various diseases. Secondary metabolites like terpenes, alkaloids, phenolic com-pounds, tannins, quinones, steroids, polyketides, aromatics, and peptides are plant-derived compounds that possess antibacterial activity and decrease resistance by inhibition of biofilm formation, Efflux pump [EP] inhibitors, attenuating bacterial virulence, and Immunomodulation activity. Phy-toconstituents synergism, combination therapy (Bio-enhancers), and herbal preparation benefit anti-bacterial potential and decrease resistance. � 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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    First report of Planomicrobium okeanokoites associated with Himantothallus grandifolius (Desmarestiales, Phaeophyta) from Southern Hemisphere
    (Public Library of Science, 2023-04-14T00:00:00) Chand Saini, Khem; Gupta, Kriti; Sharma, Sheetal; Gautam, Ajay K.; Shamim, Samrin; Mittal, Divya; Kundu, Pushpendu; Bast, Felix
    Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, mesophilic epiphytic bacterium Planomicrobium okeanokoites was isolated from the surface of endemic species Himantothallus grandifolius in Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica. The diversity of epiphytic bacterial communities living on marine algae remains primarily unexplored; virtually no reports from Antarctic seaweeds. The present study used morpho-molecular approaches for the macroalgae and epiphytic bacterium characterization. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using mitochondrial genome encoded COX1 gene; chloroplast genome encodes rbcL; nuclear genome encoded large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rRNA) for Himantothallus grandifolius and ribosomal encoded 16S rRNA for Planomicrobium okeanokoites. Morphological and molecular data revealed that the isolate is identified as Himantothallus grandifolius, which belongs to Family Desmarestiaceae of Order Desmarestiales in Class Phaeophyceae showing 99.8% similarity to the sequences of Himantothallus grandifolius, from King George Island, Antarctica (HE866853). The isolated bacterial strain was identified on the basis of chemotaxonomic, morpho-phylogenetic, and biochemical assays. A phylogenetic study based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the epiphytic bacterial strain SLA-357 was closest related to the Planomicrobium okeanokoites showing 98.7% sequence similarity. The study revealed the first report of this species from the Southern Hemisphere to date. Also, there has been no report regarding the association between the Planomicrobium okeanokoites and Himantothallus grandifolius; however, there are some reports on this bacterium isolated from sediments, soils, and lakes from Northern Hemisphere. This study may open a gateway for further research to know about the mode of interactions and how they affect the physiology and metabolism of each other. � 2023 Saini et al.
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    First report of Planomicrobium okeanokoites associated with Himantothallus grandifolius (Desmarestiales, Phaeophyta) from Southern Hemisphere
    (Public Library of Science, 2023-04-14T00:00:00) Chand Saini, Khem; Gupta, Kriti; Sharma, Sheetal; Gautam, Ajay K.; Shamim, Samrin; Mittal, Divya; Kundu, Pushpendu; Bast, Felix
    Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, mesophilic epiphytic bacterium Planomicrobium okeanokoites was isolated from the surface of endemic species Himantothallus grandifolius in Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica. The diversity of epiphytic bacterial communities living on marine algae remains primarily unexplored; virtually no reports from Antarctic seaweeds. The present study used morpho-molecular approaches for the macroalgae and epiphytic bacterium characterization. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using mitochondrial genome encoded COX1 gene; chloroplast genome encodes rbcL; nuclear genome encoded large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rRNA) for Himantothallus grandifolius and ribosomal encoded 16S rRNA for Planomicrobium okeanokoites. Morphological and molecular data revealed that the isolate is identified as Himantothallus grandifolius, which belongs to Family Desmarestiaceae of Order Desmarestiales in Class Phaeophyceae showing 99.8% similarity to the sequences of Himantothallus grandifolius, from King George Island, Antarctica (HE866853). The isolated bacterial strain was identified on the basis of chemotaxonomic, morpho-phylogenetic, and biochemical assays. A phylogenetic study based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the epiphytic bacterial strain SLA-357 was closest related to the Planomicrobium okeanokoites showing 98.7% sequence similarity. The study revealed the first report of this species from the Southern Hemisphere to date. Also, there has been no report regarding the association between the Planomicrobium okeanokoites and Himantothallus grandifolius; however, there are some reports on this bacterium isolated from sediments, soils, and lakes from Northern Hemisphere. This study may open a gateway for further research to know about the mode of interactions and how they affect the physiology and metabolism of each other. � 2023 Saini et al.
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    Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their synergistic interactions to counteract the negative effects of saline soil on agriculture: Key macromolecules and mechanisms
    (MDPI AG, 2021-07-14T00:00:00) Sagar, Alka; Rathore, Parikshita; Ramteke, Pramod W.; Ramakrishna, Wusirika; Reddy, Munagala S.; Pecoraro, Lorenzo
    Soil saltiness is a noteworthy issue as it results in loss of profitability and development of agrarian harvests and decline in soil health. Microorganisms associated with plants contribute to their growth promotion and salinity tolerance by employing a multitude of macromolecules and pathways. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have an immediate impact on improving profitability based on higher crop yield. Some PGPR produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) deami-nase (EC 4.1.99.4), which controls ethylene production by diverting ACC into ?-ketobutyrate and ammonia. ACC deaminase enhances germination rate and growth parameters of root and shoot in different harvests with and without salt stress. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) show a symbiotic relationship with plants, which helps in efficient uptake of mineral nutrients and water by the plants and also provide protection to the plants against pathogens and various abiotic stresses. The dual inoculation of PGPR and AMF enhances nutrient uptake and productivity of several crops compared to a single inoculation in both normal and stressed environments. Positively interacting PGPR + AMF combination is an efficient and cost-effective recipe for improving plant tolerance against salinity stress, which can be an extremely useful approach for sustainable agriculture. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.