School Of Basic And Applied Sciences
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Item Phytochemical investigation in vitro anti-mutagenic activity of potentilla fulgens lodd and silico study of flavonoids with CDK-2,CDK-6 receptors(Central University of Punjab, 2013) Monga, Prakriti; Jaitak, VikasPlants have been used for thousand years in the treatment of various diseases. Plant secondary metabolites have proved to be an excellent source of new medicinal compounds. They offer protection against variety of chronic diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and cancer. Mutation is an important factor that is linked to carcinogenesis. It has been found that occurrence of cancer can be reduced by decreasing the incidence or rate of mutation. Plants are promising source of antimutagens agents which are present in them as secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides etc. Potentilla fulgens is an important medicinal plant of higher Himalayas that is known globally for its therapeutic importance. A number of antioxidant constituents have been reported from the plant which mainly consists of polyphenolic compounds. It has been observed that diet rich in polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids can reduce the risk of cancer. P.fulgens reported to have polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids which are potent bioactive molecules that possess anticarcinogenic effects as they can interfere with initiation, development and progression of cancer by the modulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Anti-mutagenic activity on different fractions of P.fulgens was carried out, which indicates that n-butanol and water fractions of the plant are strongly anti-mutagenic. Inhibitory activity for n-butanol fraction was 60.4% and 35.4% in co-incubation and pre-incubation respectively in TA 98 tester strains while 55.6% and 62.0% inhibition was observed in TA100 tester strains respectively for co and pre-incubation. For water fraction 56.6% and 60.7% inhibitory activity in co-incubation and pre-incubation mode of treatment respectively against TA98 strain and 34.5% and 50.6% inhibition in TA100 strain for co-incubation and pre-incubation treatment respectively. Results specify the importance of P.fulgens as a new source of anti-mutagenic agents. Isolation of molecules from ethyl acetate and n-butanol v fractions led to the characterisation of one molecule namely catechin out of total six isolated molecules. In-silico study of various reported flavonoids were performed on CDK-2, CDK-6 as these receptors are linked to cell cycle and mutation in cell cycle may lead to cancer. In-silico study indicates that natural as well as synthetic flavonoid molecules can be considered as a treatment for cancer by inhibiting CDK-2 and CDK-6 receptors.Item Chemical profiling of ganoderma lucidum of bathinda region(Central University of Punjab, 2013) Gill, Balraj Singh; Kumar, SanjeevGanoderma lucidum is a basidiomycete's fungus with numerous pharmacological properties. The important ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum are terpenoids and polysaccharides etc. which play momentous role in immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-oxidative. Mechanism of anticancer is still unrevealed. Aim of the present study was to analyse phytochemical difference in the Ganoderma lucidum growing on different hosts in Malwa region. Biomolecules play an imperative role in growth and development. Stress condition remodels the physiology, morphology and development of plant. To combat with stress, plants evolve with time and synthesize secondary metabolites. Stress tolerance ability is generated by overexpression of isoenzyme, intracellular targeting of anti-oxidants and overexpression ability of anti-oxidative enzyme. Ganoderma lucidum was analysed for different parameters such as total sugars, reducing sugars, starch, proteins, phenols, antioxidant property and flavonoids by standard procedures which was collected in different stages of development on different hosts, such as Azadirachta, Acacia, Bauhinia, Melia, and Dalbergia spp. It manifests fungus-host relationship and amount of phytoconstituent synthesized. The biochemical estimation showed 38.1±0.0481 g/100g of total sugars, 19±5.925 g/100g of reducing sugars, 57.3±3.333 g/100g of starch, 42±4.2% of proteins, 9.7±0.066% of phenols, 86.31%±5.480 scavenging activity in term of % inhibition and 5.26 ±0.6 mg/g of flavonoids. Complete analysis shows that except flavonoids all phytochemicals content was exceptionally high. Terpenoids analysis showed variation within the different hosts. Ganoderic acid, which is most active anticancerous molecule showed variation within different hosts. It can be concluded from the preliminary studies that there are variations in the chemical constituents of GL with change in host which makes it a "chemovariant"Item Identifying the preferred interaction mode of naringin with gold nanoparticles through experimental, DFT and TDDFT techniques: Insights into their sensing and biological applications(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Singh, Baljinder; Rani, Monika; Singh, Janpreet; Moudgil, Lovika; Sharma, Prateek; Kumar, Sanjeev; Saini, G.S.S.; Tripathi, S.K.; Singh, Gurinder; Kaura, AmanIn this work, the binding behaviour of naringin-a flavonoid with AuNPs is explained by combining experimental and theoretical approaches. We have systematically analysed the effect of temperature and concentration of naringin and gold (Au) in the formation of naringin stabilized Au nanoparticles (N-AuNPs). The interaction of naringin with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is investigated by various techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, TEM, FT-IR, XRD and gel electrophoresis. These studies indicate that naringin acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Further, we have modelled the two side chains of naringin with the functional groups [C10H7O2] and [C6H5O]-, and identified the lowest energy configurations of these groups with AuNPs with the help of density functional theory (DFT). The [C10H7O2]-Au13 has higher binding energy than [C6H5O]--Au13 and it is attributed to delocalized molecular orbitals in [C10H7O2], hence higher charge transfer to the Au13 cluster. On the basis of the resulting structures, we examine the optical properties using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). We observe significant changes in the optical spectra of the representative structures of side chains with the AuNPs. The peak in the spectra of the Vis region of [C10H7O2]-Au13 undergoes a shift towards lower wavelength in comparison to [C6H5O]--Au13. Natural transition orbitals (NTOs) of hole and particle states of the [C10H7O2]-Au13 conjugate system are localized on [C10H7O2] and Au13, respectively, whereas for the [C6H5O]--Au13 both hole and particle states are localized on the Au13 cluster. These N-AuNPs show their applicability as a sensor for detecting aluminium ions (Al3+) in aqueous solution. These NPs are also found to be biocompatible with normal red blood cells and MDAMB-231 breast carcinoma cell lines, as evaluated from hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays. Thus, naringin offers non-toxic and bio friendly N-AuNPs, which are considered to be the best vehicle for drug release and other possible biomedical and sensing applications. ? 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Item Composition, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of common Indian fruits and vegetables(Springer India, 2016) Singh,Jatinder Pal; Kaur, Amritpal; Shevkani, Khetan; Singh, NarpinderThe present work was undertaken to evaluate the chemical composition (proximate, minerals and dietary fibre), colour parameters, antioxidant activity and polyphenol profiles of different fruits (pomegranate, kinnow, mango, banana, jambolan, grapes and sapodilla) and vegetables (beetroot, brinjal, orange carrot, bitter gourd, mentha and spinach). The amount of insoluble dietary fibre was higher than soluble dietary fibre for all fruits and vegetables. Vegetables showed superior mineral composition (higher amounts of K, Ca and Fe) as compared to fruits. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH) ranged from 354.9 to 1639.7?mg?GAE/100?g, 2.6 to 5.5 and 3.0 to 6.3?mM?TE/g, respectively for different fruits, while it ranged from 179.3 to 1028.6?mg?GAE/100?g, 2.1 to 4.7 and 2.0 to 5.0?mM?TE/g, respectively for different vegetables. Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, quercetin, resveratrol and kaempferol were detected and quantified in different fruits and vegetables. The results highlighted that fruit peels could be used as valuable sources of minerals and polyphenols having high antioxidant activity. ? 2016, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).Item Bioactive constituents in pulses and their health benefits(Springer India, 2017) Singh,Balwinder; Singh, Jatinder Pal; Shevkani, Khetan; Singh, Narpinder; Kaur, AmritpalPulses are good sources of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, phytosterols and non-digestible carbohydrates that play important physiological as well as metabolic roles. These compounds vary in concentration amongst different pulse species and varieties. Pulse seed coats are rich in water-insoluble fibres and polyphenols (having high antioxidant activities), while cotyledons contain higher soluble fibres, oligosaccharides, slowly digestible and resistant starch content. Ferulic acid is the most abundant phenolic acid present in pulses, while flavonol glycosides, anthocyanins and tannins are responsible for the seed coat colour. Sitosterol (most abundant), stigmasterol, and campesterol are the major phytosterols present in pulses. Pulse fibres, resistant starch and oligosaccharides function as probiotics and possess several other health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, and reduce glucose as well as lipid levels. Beans and peas contain higher amounts of oligosaccharides than other pulses. Processing methods affect resistant starch, polyphenol composition and generally increase antioxidant activities of different pulses. In this review, the current information on pulse polyphenols, phytosterols, resistant starch, dietary fibre, oligosaccharides, antioxidant and associated health benefits are discussed. ? 2016, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).Item Anthocyanins enriched purple tea exhibits antioxidant, immunostimulatory and anticancer activities(Springer India, 2017) Joshi, Robin; Rana, Ajay; Kumar, Vinay; Kumar, Dharmesh; Padwad, Yogendra S.; Yadav, Sudesh Kumar; Gulati, AshuPurple coloured tea shoot clones have gained interest due to high content of anthocyanins in addition to catechins. Transcript expression of genes encoding anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), flavonol synthase (FLS) and leucoantho cyanidin reductase (LAR) enzymes in three new purple shoot tea clones compared with normal tea clone showed higher expression of CsDFR, CsANR, CsANS and lower expression of CsFLS and CsLAR in purple shoot clones compared to normal clone. Expression pattern supported high content of anthocyanins in purple tea. Four anthocyanins (AN1?4) were isolated and characterized by UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS from IHBT 269 clone which recorded highest total anthocyanins content. Cyanidin-3-O-?-d-(6-(E)-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside (AN2) showed highest in vitro antioxidant activity (IC50?DPPH?=?25.27???0.02??g/mL and IC50?ABTS?=?10.71???0.01??g/mL). Anticancer and immunostimulatory activities of cyanidin-3-glucoside (AN1), cyanidin-3-O-?-d-(6-(E)-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside (AN2), delphinidin-3-O-?-d-(6-(E)-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside (AN3), cyanidin-3-O-(2-O-?-xylopyranosyl-6-O-acetyl)-?-glucopyranoside (AN4) and crude anthocyanin extract (AN5) showed high therapeutic perspective. Anthocyanins AN1?4 and crude extract AN5 showed cytotoxicity on C-6 cancer cells and high relative fluorescence units (RFU) at 200??g/mL suggesting promising apoptosis induction activity as well as influential immunostimulatory potential. Observations demonstrate potential of purple anthocyanins enriched tea clone for exploitation as a nutraceutical product. ? 2017, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).