School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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    Expression Study of Long non-coding RNA SCAL1 and GAS6-AS1 in Lung cancer Cell line A549 Compared to IMR-90
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Pp, Arifa; Jain, Aklank
    Lung cancer is the fatal type of cancer owing to maximum number death worldwide. Despite the advances in clinical and experimental setup lung cancer still is the deadliest type of cancer wherein survival rate is as low as 15% five-yearly. The reason being the lack of proper candidate molecule for prognosis and diagnosis prior to invasion and metastasis. But usually, cancers are detected at later stages. The past cancer studies and investigations and investigations about tumorigenesis mechanism mostly focused on protein-coding gene considering them as principal regulators of cancer and diseases. But evidence from numerous high throughput genomic platform indicates that 98% of the eukaryotic genome is transcribed to non-coding RNA. The non-coding RNAs are significant in the regulation of many major biological processes that impact vi development, differentiation, and metabolism through different pathways. Non-coding RNA also plays a major role in cancer development and progression by influencing different cellular processes like proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell growth, and apoptosis. They also influence post-transcriptional gene regulation through controlling process like transport, splicing, transcriptional gene silencing, epigenetic gene expression, cell structure integrity etc. So we can assure that the long non-coding RNA and its altered expression play an important role in cancer etiology. In this project, we studied the expression of SCAL1 and GAS6-AS1 using qRT-PCR. The expression analysis shows that the long non-coding RNA is up-regulated (approximate 5-folds, P=0.000464) and GAS6-AS1 is down-regulated (approximate 4-folds, P=0.00378) in lung cancer cell line compared to control cell line. The melt curve analysis shows only one sharp peak for both SCAL1 and GAS6-AS1 and thereby indicates that there is only one specific primer binding and the primer dimer is not formed.
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    Chromosomal location of non-hypersensitive leaf rust resistance genes in bread wheat cultivar PBW65 using microsatellite markers
    (2012) Khan, M.A.; Kamaluddin, Saini, R.G.
    Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSRs) markers have been powerful tool for genetic mapping in wheat. Indian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar PBW65 has shown significant level of resistance to most virulent race 77-5 of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina). It has been indicated that PBW65 expresses non-hypersensitive type of resistance against race 77-5. F2 and F3 crossing of PBW65 with WL711, a leaf rust susceptible wheat cultivar, and allelic tests with such already known genes (present in cultivars RL 6058 and HD 2009) revealed that cultivar PBW65 could be a potential source of novel nonhypersensitive leaf rust resistance genes. So far, only non-hypersensitive leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 was found to be effective under Indian conditions. Attempts to locate such durable leaf rust resistance genes in PBW65 through microsatellite markers showed 2B, 2D and 3D as critical chromosomes for PBW65. The primer Xgwm341 (3D) was found located 41.5 cM away from gene LrPBW1 in PBW65.
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    Anthocyanins enriched purple tea exhibits antioxidant, immunostimulatory and anticancer activities
    (Springer India, 2017) Joshi, Robin; Rana, Ajay; Kumar, Vinay; Kumar, Dharmesh; Padwad, Yogendra S.; Yadav, Sudesh Kumar; Gulati, Ashu
    Purple coloured tea shoot clones have gained interest due to high content of anthocyanins in addition to catechins. Transcript expression of genes encoding anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), flavonol synthase (FLS) and leucoantho cyanidin reductase (LAR) enzymes in three new purple shoot tea clones compared with normal tea clone showed higher expression of CsDFR, CsANR, CsANS and lower expression of CsFLS and CsLAR in purple shoot clones compared to normal clone. Expression pattern supported high content of anthocyanins in purple tea. Four anthocyanins (AN1?4) were isolated and characterized by UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS from IHBT 269 clone which recorded highest total anthocyanins content. Cyanidin-3-O-?-d-(6-(E)-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside (AN2) showed highest in vitro antioxidant activity (IC50?DPPH?=?25.27???0.02??g/mL and IC50?ABTS?=?10.71???0.01??g/mL). Anticancer and immunostimulatory activities of cyanidin-3-glucoside (AN1), cyanidin-3-O-?-d-(6-(E)-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside (AN2), delphinidin-3-O-?-d-(6-(E)-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside (AN3), cyanidin-3-O-(2-O-?-xylopyranosyl-6-O-acetyl)-?-glucopyranoside (AN4) and crude anthocyanin extract (AN5) showed high therapeutic perspective. Anthocyanins AN1?4 and crude extract AN5 showed cytotoxicity on C-6 cancer cells and high relative fluorescence units (RFU) at 200??g/mL suggesting promising apoptosis induction activity as well as influential immunostimulatory potential. Observations demonstrate potential of purple anthocyanins enriched tea clone for exploitation as a nutraceutical product. ? 2017, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).
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    Microbial xylanases and their industrial application in pulp and paper biobleaching: a review
    (Springer Verlag, 2017) Walia, Abhishek; Guleria, Shiwani; Mehta, Preeti; Chauhan, Anjali; Prakash, Jyoti; Walia, A.; Guleria, S.; Mehta, P.; Chauhan, A.; Parkash, J.
    Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes which cleave the ?-1, 4 backbone of the complex plant cell wall polysaccharide xylan. Xylan is the major hemicellulosic constituent found in soft and hard food. It is the next most abundant renewable polysaccharide after cellulose. Xylanases and associated debranching enzymes produced by a variety of microorganisms including bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast and fungi bring hydrolysis of hemicelluloses. Despite thorough knowledge of microbial xylanolytic systems, further studies are required to achieve a complete understanding of the mechanism of xylan degradation by xylanases produced by microorganisms and their promising use in pulp biobleaching. Cellulase-free xylanases are important in pulp biobleaching as alternatives to the use of toxic chlorinated compounds because of the environmental hazards and diseases caused by the release of the adsorbable organic halogens. In this review, we have focused on the studies of structural composition of xylan in plants, their classification, sources of xylanases, extremophilic xylanases, modes of fermentation for the production of xylanases, factors affecting xylanase production, statistical approaches such as Plackett Burman, Response Surface Methodology to enhance xylanase production, purification, characterization, molecular cloning and expression. Besides this, review has focused on the microbial enzyme complex involved in the complete breakdown of xylan and the studies on xylanase regulation and their potential industrial applications with special reference to pulp biobleaching, which is directly related to increasing pulp brightness and reduction in environmental pollution. ? 2017, The Author(s).