School Of Basic And Applied Sciences
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Item Potential of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicle(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021-10-29T00:00:00) Hassan, Muhammad Aamir; Khan, Aqib Zafar; Sajid, Muhammad Munir; Javed, Yasir; Ullah, Asmat; Shad, Naveed Akhtar; Sharma, Surender K.; Shafique, Muhammad; Sarwar, MuhammadNanotechnology has introduced new techniques and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of different cancer types. Current cancer-curing drugs have many limitations such as use of high concentrations, effects on other cells, and non-confinement at cancer sites, which reduce the efficacy of drugs and also induce toxic effects in other normal cells. Nanomaterials have provided new ways to increase the efficacy of already used cancer drugs by providing drug delivery systems. Anticancer drugs can be encapsulated/attached with the nanomaterials and delivered at specific sites and cells under certain microenvironment conditions. Among metallic oxide nanoparticles, iron-based particles have shown great potential in drug delivery and at the same time for cancer treatment by producing localized heat. Therefore, researchers have focused on iron oxide nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. This chapter highlights the synthesizing methods of iron oxide nanoparticles such as co-precipitation, thermal decomposition, microemulsion, sol�gel, and additional chemical methods including hydrothermal, sonochemical decomposition, and electrochemical for their wide range of biomedical applications. It also provides a brief overview of recent developments in iron oxide nanoparticles, some limitations in the explored research areas. and suggests future directions to overcome these limitations. � 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Surfactant-assisted dispersion of carbon nanotubes: Mechanism of stabilization and biocompatibility of the surfactant(2013) Singh, R.P.; Jain, S.; Ramarao, P.Nanoparticles (NPs) are thermodynamically unstable system and tend to aggregate to reduce free energy. The aggregation property of NPs results in inhomogeneous exposure of cells to NPs resulting in variable cellular responses. Several types of surfactants are used to stabilize NP dispersions and obtain homogenous dispersions. However, the effects of these surfactants, per se, on cellular responses are not completely known. The present study investigated the application of Pluronic F68 (PF68) for obtaining stable dispersion of NPs using carbon nanotubes as model NPs. PF68-stabilized NP suspensions are stable for long durations and do not show signs of aggregation or settling during storage or after autoclaving. The polyethylene oxide blocks in PF68 provide steric hindrance between adjacent NPs leading to stable NP dispersions. Further, PF68 is biocompatible in nature and does not affect integrity of mitochondria, lysosomes, DNA, and nuclei. Also, PF68 neither induce free radical or cytokine production nor does it interfere with cellular uptake mechanisms. The results of the present study suggest that PF68-assisted dispersion of NPs produced suspensions, which are stable after autoclaving. Further, PF68 does not interfere with normal physiological functions suggesting its application in nanomedicine and nanotoxicity evaluation. ? 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.Item Identifying the preferred interaction mode of naringin with gold nanoparticles through experimental, DFT and TDDFT techniques: Insights into their sensing and biological applications(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Singh, Baljinder; Rani, Monika; Singh, Janpreet; Moudgil, Lovika; Sharma, Prateek; Kumar, Sanjeev; Saini, G.S.S.; Tripathi, S.K.; Singh, Gurinder; Kaura, AmanIn this work, the binding behaviour of naringin-a flavonoid with AuNPs is explained by combining experimental and theoretical approaches. We have systematically analysed the effect of temperature and concentration of naringin and gold (Au) in the formation of naringin stabilized Au nanoparticles (N-AuNPs). The interaction of naringin with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is investigated by various techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, TEM, FT-IR, XRD and gel electrophoresis. These studies indicate that naringin acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Further, we have modelled the two side chains of naringin with the functional groups [C10H7O2] and [C6H5O]-, and identified the lowest energy configurations of these groups with AuNPs with the help of density functional theory (DFT). The [C10H7O2]-Au13 has higher binding energy than [C6H5O]--Au13 and it is attributed to delocalized molecular orbitals in [C10H7O2], hence higher charge transfer to the Au13 cluster. On the basis of the resulting structures, we examine the optical properties using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). We observe significant changes in the optical spectra of the representative structures of side chains with the AuNPs. The peak in the spectra of the Vis region of [C10H7O2]-Au13 undergoes a shift towards lower wavelength in comparison to [C6H5O]--Au13. Natural transition orbitals (NTOs) of hole and particle states of the [C10H7O2]-Au13 conjugate system are localized on [C10H7O2] and Au13, respectively, whereas for the [C6H5O]--Au13 both hole and particle states are localized on the Au13 cluster. These N-AuNPs show their applicability as a sensor for detecting aluminium ions (Al3+) in aqueous solution. These NPs are also found to be biocompatible with normal red blood cells and MDAMB-231 breast carcinoma cell lines, as evaluated from hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays. Thus, naringin offers non-toxic and bio friendly N-AuNPs, which are considered to be the best vehicle for drug release and other possible biomedical and sensing applications. ? 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Item Amino acid functionalized zinc oxide nanostructures for cytotoxicity effect and hemolytic behavior: Theoretical and experimental studies(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Singh, Satvinder; Singh, Baljinder; Sharma, Prateek; Mittal, Anu; Kumar, Sanjeev; Saini, G.S.S.; Tripathi, S.K.; Singh, Gurinder; Kaura, AmanBlending of theoretical and experimental approach, provide an important strategy in designing the nanostructure at a microscopic level and helps in predicting the response of synthesized material towards inhibition of the growth of breast cancer cell. In this work, ab initio calculations using super cell approach are performed for three different amino acids (AAs)-Histidine (His), Arginine (Arg) and Aspartic acid (Asp) coated Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures to explain the growth mechanism of nanoparticles (NPs) of different shapes. Based on the first principles calculations, we reveal that ZnO-AA (Arg and Asp) NPs results in rod like and ZnO-His NPs lead to tablet like configuration. Similar morphologies are fabricated using AAs through synthetic route. The effect of concentration ratio of reactants and pH has been studied. As synthesized samples, are characterized by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and UV?Vis spectroscopy techniques. Based on the results, a plausible mechanism of formation of nanostructures has been proposed. The nanostructures with rod like morphology are found to be biocompatible with normal red blood cells and show cytotoxic effect as evaluated from hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays on breast (MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231) & prostate cancer (PC-3) cell lines. ? 2017 Elsevier LtdItem Gelatin: A comprehensive report covering its indispensable aspects(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2016) Ul Rehman, W.; Majeed, A.; Mehra, R.; Bhushan, S.; Rani, P.; Saini, K.C.; Bast, FelixGelatin is a collagen derived product, obtained by incomplete hydrolysis of collagen procured from skin, bones and connective tissues of animals and exhibits flavourlessness, colourlessness and translucency. It is commonly utilised as a gelling agent and also as additive in food, drugs, cosmetics, paints, matches, photographic films and foam stabilizer. The overall amino acid composition and proportion of gelatin varies according to the source of raw material, however glycine, proline and hyrdoxyproline constitute almost 60% of the total amino acid residues while cysteine is absent. Besides being used in food industries, gelatin based composites and blends are used in pharmacy for manufacturing biocompatible gelatin scraps, tissue engineering films and controlled drug delivery systems. This chapter focuses on the physio-chemical properties of gelatin, its extraction, composites and blends. ? 2016 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.