School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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    Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus Roseus Leaves and Their Therapeutic Response in Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells
    (Routledge, 2021-07-26T00:00:00) Bangroo, Apoorva; Malhotra, Akshay; Sharma, Uttam; Jain, Aklank; Kaur, Anupreet
    As the current study reports the utilization of the leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus (C.roseus) for the biological synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) because of the importance of the importance of health and environment. Bioinspired synthesis were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). XRD and TEM micrograph analysis revealed that the synthesized nanostructures were well-dispersed and spherical with the average particle size in the 18-30 nm range were produced. The FT-IR spectra confirmed presence of phenolic compounds that act as reducing and capping agents. Further, it suggested the possible utilization of hydroxyl groups and amides in the reduction of Zn ions and stablization of ZnO NPs. Zinc oxide nanomaterials are effective in cancer treatments, including the destruction of tumor cells with minimal damage to healthy cells. The toxicity of zinc oxide nanomaterials was checked in vitro in the human breast cancer line MDA-MB-231. Inverse relation of the percentage of viable cells to the concentration of zinc oxide nanomaterials at increasing molar levels was assessed. The cytotoxicity analysis used in the MTT test shows the substantial viable MDA-MB-231-cells despite the increased concentration of exposure to zinc oxide nanomaterials. Reduction in the ratio of viable MDA-MB-231 cells after being exposed to zinc oxide nanomaterials was compared to untreated cancerous cells. The present approach to biosynthesis is quick, inexpensive, eco-friendly, and high-rise stable nanomaterials of zinc oxide with substantial cancer potential. This is the first study that reports molar concentrations (with the lowest concentration of 10 mM) as an anticancer agent for breast cancer and potential clinical uses for synthesized zinc oxide nanomaterials. Thus, C. roseus based synthesized ZnO NPs could be explored not only as environmentally benign method but also as a potential anti-carcinogenic agent. � 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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    Nano-immunomodulators: prospective applications to combat drug resistant bacterial infections and related complications
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023-11-08T00:00:00) Chand, Umesh; Kushawaha, Pramod Kumar
    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing problem in our healthcare sector, it can make infections more difficult and expensive to treat and lead to treatment failure and increased risk of death. Currently, at least 700,000 people worldwide die each year from AMR. Alternative methods for mitigating drug-resistant bacterial infections are desperately needed because of the unacceptably low rate of conventional antibiotic discovery. Therefore, the implementation of various therapeutic strategies is necessary to deal with drug-resistant bacteria and immunomodulation is one of them which is highly encouraged through various studies. Immunomodulators are different biological or synthetic substances that possess the capability of inducing, suppressing, or overall modulating the innate and adaptive immune system. Some phytochemicals, including flavonoids, glycosides, polysaccharides, terpenoids, essential oils, peptides, synthetic molecules, and synthetic biomaterials, can play a crucial role in the fight against bacterial infections directly or indirectly by enhancing the activity of existing antibiotics or by boosting immunity. Nanotechnology can be used to modulate immune responses through various fabrication methods and strategies of design and for drug formulation by encapsulating potential compounds/molecules in the form of nanoparticles and by surface modification or capping of nanomaterials. This approach can improve drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability, reduce toxicity, and help to increase the effectiveness of drugs against resistant microorganisms. This review aims to provide current developments in the field of immunomodulators of different origins that can be combined with nanotechnology and exploited as potential future drugs or adjuvants to fight drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. � 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    Role of nanoparticles in the treatment of human disease: a comprehensive review
    (Elsevier, 2022-12-09T00:00:00) Zomuansangi, Ruth; Singh, Bhim Pratap; Singh, Garima; Zothanpuia; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Song, Jae Jun; Kharat, Arun S.; Deka, Purbhajyoti; Yadav, Mukesh Kumar
    Nanoparticles (NPs) are nanosize particles which can be employed to treat human diseases and enhance the potential of existing drugs. The NPs can overcome biological barriers and enhance the drug delivery to the target site and thus increase efficiency of the drug. NPs are classified into various types, including polymeric, inorganic, and lipid-based NPs. In addition different types of NPs are used in medical fields, such as chitosan, alginate, cellulose, and liposome-based. The NPs have offered many advantages in disease diagnostic and therapeutic with the safe delivery of the various drugs into the tissue. In the past few years, the usage of nanotechnology in medicine has led to the improvement of vaccine efficiency, immunity strategies, and targeted delivery to attain a positive immune response at the cellular level and to advance vaccine efficiency. The NP carriers should defend the antigens from premature proteolytic degradation, ease antigen uptake and processing by antigen-presenting cells, control release, and be harmless for human consumption. This review chapter presents a summary of the current research and future trends in the use of NPs in the treatment of diseases with an emphasis on drug delivery. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Nano-immunomodulators: prospective applications to combat drug resistant bacterial infections and related complications
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023-11-08T00:00:00) Chand, Umesh; Kushawaha, Pramod Kumar
    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing problem in our healthcare sector, it can make infections more difficult and expensive to treat and lead to treatment failure and increased risk of death. Currently, at least 700,000 people worldwide die each year from AMR. Alternative methods for mitigating drug-resistant bacterial infections are desperately needed because of the unacceptably low rate of conventional antibiotic discovery. Therefore, the implementation of various therapeutic strategies is necessary to deal with drug-resistant bacteria and immunomodulation is one of them which is highly encouraged through various studies. Immunomodulators are different biological or synthetic substances that possess the capability of inducing, suppressing, or overall modulating the innate and adaptive immune system. Some phytochemicals, including flavonoids, glycosides, polysaccharides, terpenoids, essential oils, peptides, synthetic molecules, and synthetic biomaterials, can play a crucial role in the fight against bacterial infections directly or indirectly by enhancing the activity of existing antibiotics or by boosting immunity. Nanotechnology can be used to modulate immune responses through various fabrication methods and strategies of design and for drug formulation by encapsulating potential compounds/molecules in the form of nanoparticles and by surface modification or capping of nanomaterials. This approach can improve drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability, reduce toxicity, and help to increase the effectiveness of drugs against resistant microorganisms. This review aims to provide current developments in the field of immunomodulators of different origins that can be combined with nanotechnology and exploited as potential future drugs or adjuvants to fight drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. � 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
  • No Thumbnail Available
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    Role of nanoparticles in the treatment of human disease: a comprehensive review
    (Elsevier, 2022-12-09T00:00:00) Zomuansangi, Ruth; Singh, Bhim Pratap; Singh, Garima; Zothanpuia; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Song, Jae Jun; Kharat, Arun S.; Deka, Purbhajyoti; Yadav, Mukesh Kumar
    Nanoparticles (NPs) are nanosize particles which can be employed to treat human diseases and enhance the potential of existing drugs. The NPs can overcome biological barriers and enhance the drug delivery to the target site and thus increase efficiency of the drug. NPs are classified into various types, including polymeric, inorganic, and lipid-based NPs. In addition different types of NPs are used in medical fields, such as chitosan, alginate, cellulose, and liposome-based. The NPs have offered many advantages in disease diagnostic and therapeutic with the safe delivery of the various drugs into the tissue. In the past few years, the usage of nanotechnology in medicine has led to the improvement of vaccine efficiency, immunity strategies, and targeted delivery to attain a positive immune response at the cellular level and to advance vaccine efficiency. The NP carriers should defend the antigens from premature proteolytic degradation, ease antigen uptake and processing by antigen-presenting cells, control release, and be harmless for human consumption. This review chapter presents a summary of the current research and future trends in the use of NPs in the treatment of diseases with an emphasis on drug delivery. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.