Expression Study of Long non-coding RNA SCAL1 and GAS6-AS1 in Lung cancer Cell line A549 Compared to IMR-90

Abstract

Lung cancer is the fatal type of cancer owing to maximum number death worldwide. Despite the advances in clinical and experimental setup lung cancer still is the deadliest type of cancer wherein survival rate is as low as 15% five-yearly. The reason being the lack of proper candidate molecule for prognosis and diagnosis prior to invasion and metastasis. But usually, cancers are detected at later stages. The past cancer studies and investigations and investigations about tumorigenesis mechanism mostly focused on protein-coding gene considering them as principal regulators of cancer and diseases. But evidence from numerous high throughput genomic platform indicates that 98% of the eukaryotic genome is transcribed to non-coding RNA. The non-coding RNAs are significant in the regulation of many major biological processes that impact vi development, differentiation, and metabolism through different pathways. Non-coding RNA also plays a major role in cancer development and progression by influencing different cellular processes like proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell growth, and apoptosis. They also influence post-transcriptional gene regulation through controlling process like transport, splicing, transcriptional gene silencing, epigenetic gene expression, cell structure integrity etc. So we can assure that the long non-coding RNA and its altered expression play an important role in cancer etiology. In this project, we studied the expression of SCAL1 and GAS6-AS1 using qRT-PCR. The expression analysis shows that the long non-coding RNA is up-regulated (approximate 5-folds, P=0.000464) and GAS6-AS1 is down-regulated (approximate 4-folds, P=0.00378) in lung cancer cell line compared to control cell line. The melt curve analysis shows only one sharp peak for both SCAL1 and GAS6-AS1 and thereby indicates that there is only one specific primer binding and the primer dimer is not formed.